初治Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者外科治疗对生存影响的meta分析

目的探讨Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者原发肿瘤的切除是否可以改善其总体生存情况。方法全面检索PubMed、Medline、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方、CBM、维普等数据库中关于Ⅳ期乳腺癌治疗的相关文献,由两名作者独立筛选文献并提取数据(包括总生存期和无进展生存期及肿瘤特征)后,采用RevMan 5.3及SPSS 21.0统计软件对数据进行meta分析。结果本研究共纳入21篇文献,其中回顾性队列研究17篇,随机对照试验研究4篇。共纳入5250例Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者,其中接受局部肿瘤手术切除+全身治疗2686例(手术组),仅接受全身治疗2564例(非手术组)。meta分析结果显示,手术组的总生存期明显优于非手术组[HR=0.64,95%CI(0.59,0.69),P<0.00001];亚组分析结果显示,非RCT研究中手术组的总生存期明显优于非手术组[HR=0.60,95%CI(0.55,0.65),P<0.00001],但RCT研究中未发现2组的总生存期比较差异有统计学意义[HR=0.89,95%CI(0.73,1.09),P=0.27]。2组间无进展生存期比较差异无统计学意义[HR=0.43,95%CI(0.17,1.11),P=0.08]。进一步对2组患者的临床病理特征进行了分析发现,与非手术组比较,手术组患者呈现的特点是更年轻(P<0.05),T2分期及以下、存在骨转移、ER阴性、接受放疗、转移数目<3枚患者的比例更高(P<0.05)。结论适当选择初治Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者采用局部切除手术可以改善其总体生存情况,应进行个体化治疗。     

虾青素对过氧化氢诱导胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo的影响

目的观察虾青素通过烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶/活性氧(ROS)信号通路对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导人胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo的影响。方法实验分为空白组、模型组和实验组,每组8个复孔;实验组HTR-8/SVneo细胞预先以10 nmol·L^-1虾青素处理24 h,之后实验组和模型组细胞均以250μmol·L-1H2O2作用24 h;空白组未进行任何药物干预。以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞增殖情况,以DCF-DA荧光染色检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞内ROS水平,检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞培养上清中乳酸(LDH)及氧化应激指标含量,以蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞NADPH氧化酶4(NOX4)、p22phox蛋白表达情况。结果干预后24 h,空白组、模型组及实验组HTR-8/SVneo细胞内ROS荧光强度值分别为2.76±0.43,34.15±2.34,15.61±1.85,LDH分别为(756.24±31.05),(1785.46±34.69),(1235.26±26.75)U·L^-1,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别为(23.56±2.24),(10.04±2.02),(15.16±3.08)U·mg^-1,丙二醛(MDA)分别为(0.46±0.14),(0.96±0.21),(0.68±0.13)U·mg^-1,Nox4蛋白相对表达量分别为0.32±0.04,0.89±0.06,0.64±0.03,p22phox蛋白相对表达量分别为0.15±0.03,0.75±0.04,0.49±0.02,模型组分别与空白组和实验组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论虾青素对H2O2诱导人胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo氧化应激损伤具有保护作用,可能与干扰NADPH氧化酶/ROS信号通路活性有关。     

Multifidus muscle fatty infiltration as an index of dysfunction in patients with single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: A case-control study based on propensity score matching

The multifidus muscle morphology and its relation to the function of patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the multifidus muscle morphology in patients with DLSS and to determine its relations to the patients function. Sixty-two patients with single-segment DLSS at L4-5 and sixty control patients with non-spinal-derived low back pain were retrospectively enrolled and further matched based on propensity scores. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and bodily pain using the Short-Form Health Survey were evaluated. The cross-sectional area (CSA), CSA of fatty free (CSAF), and fatty infiltration rate [FIR; i.e., (1- CSAF/CSA) × 100%] of the multifidus muscle were measured on magnetic resonance images using ImageJ software. Adjustment for confounders was performed using generalized linear models.The FIR at L5-S1 in controls was statistically significant but slightly less than the DLSS group. The between-groups difference was 5% (p < 0.001), and 2.8% (p = 0.036) in the complete and matching cohorts, respectively, after adjustment. Statistically significant differences were not observed in other multifidus muscle parameters between the groups. FIR > 20% at L5-S1 was independently associated with ODI ≥ 41 in patients with DLSS [Retaining demography as control block or not, Odds ratio (OR) = 8.4, p = 0.023; OR = 12.3, p = 0.030]. The multifidus muscle at L5-S1 demonstrated slightly greater fatty infiltration in patients with L4-5 single-segment DLSS than controls. Significant fatty infiltration in the multifidus muscle at L5-S1 may be correlated with poor function in patients with L4-5 single-segment DLSS.     

视网膜颞上分支静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿的SD-OCT特征及视野分析

目的观察颞上视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)合并黄斑水肿的频域光学相干断层扫描(spectral domain-optical coherence tomography,SD-OCT)特征,分析视野改变特点。方法回顾性研究。随机选取2019年2月至11月于承德医学院附属医院眼科确诊为BRVO合并黄斑水肿患者34例(34眼)作为BRVO组,同期健康人16人(29眼)作为正常对照组。两组均行最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯显微镜、眼压、间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiograph,FFA)、SD-OCT、自动静态视野计检查。比较两组采用SD-OCT测量的黄斑各分区视网膜厚度、视野平均光敏度(mean sensitivity,MS)及视野平均缺损(mean defect,MD)。结果BRVO组中,黄斑区视网膜可呈海绵样弥漫型视网膜增厚、黄斑囊样水肿、浆液性视网膜脱离及混合型(前三种模式特征皆有)等多种形态表现。BRVO组黄斑中心凹,黄斑中心内外环的颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方,共9个区域的视网膜厚度分别为(398.09±106.69)μm、(425.06±99.09)μm、(467.18±89.36)μm、(402.53±94.27)μm、(349.47±61.61)μm、(367.44±98.67)μm、(440.88±79.37)μm、(343.32±47.43)μm、(292.91±40.66)μm,正常对照组相应部位分别为(234.21±12.16)μm、(303.21±14.47)μm、(317.90±13.81)μm、(316.59±15.32)μm、(316.76±13.00)μm、(269.48±14.19)μm、(286.86±11.79)μm、(294.76±12.98)μm、(268.76±13.71)μm,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。BRVO组、正常对照组下方视野MS分别为(18.71±5.47)dB、(27.17±1.18)dB,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黄斑中心内环上半侧、黄斑中心外环上半侧视网膜厚度与下方视野MD均无相关性(均为P>0.05)。结论BRVO合并的黄斑水肿呈现形态多种、分布广泛的特征,同时具有下方视野损害的特点。     

内斜位X线片显示股骨距影像特征及其临床意义

目的:研究内斜位X线片上股骨距的形态特征,探讨内斜位片显示股骨距的临床意义。方法:用成人干燥股骨标本143根,进行内斜位拍片,对股骨距影像进行测量分析,根据其特点进行分型。结果:在内斜45°X线片均观察到完整股骨距影像(100%),主要由线形的致密的皮质骨和密集的松质骨小梁组成。股骨距长度INL为(4.36±0.46、)cm。股骨距分为:弧线型,29.5％(42例);骨小梁型,21.6％(31例);断线型,27.3％(39例);融合型,21.6％(31例)。结论:内斜45°X线片显示股骨距影像清晰恒定。股骨距是股骨颈干交界后内侧重要的支撑结构,股骨上段疾病患者应常规加拍内斜位X线片,观察股骨距变化,决定诊疗方案。     

Heyan Kuntai capsule versus dehydroepiandrosterone in treating Chinese patients with infertility caused by diminished ovarian reserve: a multicenter,randomized controlled trial

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Heyan Kuntai capsule (HYKT) in treating women with infertility caused by diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).

血液端粒酶指标在结肠癌患者治疗前后的变化及意义

目的 了解监测血液端粒醇(TLM)指标评判结肠癌血液播散和预后的意义.方法 结肠癌患者63例和结肠炎患者33例,应用端粒末端重复序列扩增-杂交-酶联免疫技术检测血液TLM.结果 结肠癌患者血液TLM阳性率明显高于结肠炎患者(P＜0.001).TLM阳性的结肠癌患者的复发例数明显多于阴性者(P＜0.01).其36个月的生存例数明显少于阴性者(p＜0.01).结论 动态监测血液TLM指标可以辅助诊断结肠癌血液转移、评判预后.     

Clinical and experimental study on therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuanwan on gastric precancerous lesions

AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuanwan on gastric precancerous lesions.METHODS: Thirty-six patients with gastric precancerous lesions were treated with Weixibaonizhuanwan for 3 mo. Thirteen (36.1%) patients presented with mild atrophic gastritis, 14 (38.9%) with moderate atrophic gastritis, and nine (25.0%) with severe atrophic gastritis. Twenty-two (61.1%) and 27 (75.0%) of the cases were accompanied by intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS), respectively. Twenty of the 36 patients were men and 16 were women, ranging from 30 to 67 years in age, with 61.1% of the patients being 40-59 years old. The duration of the disease in these patients ranged from 3 mo to 21 years, with 20 (55.6%) patients experiencing durations of the disease between 5 and 10 years. The clinical manifestations of the disease in these patients included fullness of the abdomen (31 cases), abdominalgia (27 cases), anorexia (30 cases), eructation (26 cases), pantothenic acid (6 cases), and loose stool (9 cases). Patients were treated with Weixibaonizhuanwan and symptom improvement, level of atrophy of the gastric mucosa, and IM and DYS progression were analyzed.RESULTS: After a 3-mo treatment with Weixibaonizhuanwan, seven patients experienced recovery. The treatment was effective in 11 cases, improved symptoms in 13 cases, and was ineffective in five cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86.1%. In patients with mild atrophic gastritis (n = 13), 11 improved into superficial gastritis and two experienced no improvement. In 14 cases of moderate gastritis, four cases improved into superficial gastritis and seven turned into mild atrophic gastritis, with three patients experiencing no improvement. Among severe atrophic gastritis patients (n = 9), five improved into moderate atrophic gastritis after treatment and four experienced no improvement. The overall efficacy rate in chronic atrophic gastritis patients was 77.8%. Among 9 patients with IM, IM disappeared in six cases, whereas three cases showed no improvement after treatment. In cases with moderate IM (n = 10), IM disappeared in two, turned into mild IM in five, and showed no change in three. Out of four cases with IM, one case turned into moderate IM and three showed no change. The overall efficacy rate in IM patients was 63.6%. Out of 16 cases of mild DYS, DYS disappeared in 11, whereas five cases showed no change. Out of nine cases of moderate DYS, DYS disappeared in two and turned into mild DYS in five cases, with two patients experiencing no change after treatment. No improvement was observed in the two cases of severe DYS after treatment. The overall efficacy rate in DYS patients was 66.7%. After treatment, expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric mucosa significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Before treatment, cancer staging of these patients by positive CEA expression was I, II, III, and IV in 13, 12, 9, and 2 cases, respectively. After treatment, the number of cases per stage changed to 25, 7, 3, and 1, respectively. Similarly, before treatment, staging by positivity of PCNA expression was I, II, III, and IV in 16, 11, 10, and 4 cases, respectively, and changed to 21, 9, 5, and 1, respectively, after treatment.CONCLUSION: The use of Weixibaonizhuanwan in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions showed promising therapeutic effects in patients after 3-mo treatments.     

2013—2022年河北省单核细胞增生李斯特菌的临床分布及耐药性

目的 回顾性分析2013—2022年河北省细菌耐药监测网75所医院单核细胞增生李斯特菌的分布及耐药性,为临床治疗及合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。 方法 应用WHONET软件对2013年1月—2022年6月河北省75所医院临床分离的单核细胞增生李斯特菌的标本来源、科室分布及耐药性进行分析。 结果 2013—2022年河北省共检出187株单核细胞增生李斯特菌,分离标本主要为血(129株,69.0%)、脑脊液(20株,10.7%)、胃液(14株,7.5%)及其他(18株,9.6%);70株(37.4%)分离自男性,117株(62.6%)分离自女性;新生儿科(42株,22.5%)和妇产科(41株,21.9%)为最常见的来源科室;年龄分组上,青年人(74株,39.6%)最多,其次为新生儿(39株,20.9%)。该菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、美罗培南、复方磺胺甲唑和红霉素的敏感率分别为97.8%、98.6%、98.0%、98.4%和96.3%。 结论 2013—2022年河北省临床分离的单核细胞增生李斯特菌大多来源于血标本,感染人群以青年和新生儿为主,该菌已出现一线治疗药物的非敏感株,需持续关注。     

3D打印人工椎体与钛笼在颈椎前路椎体次全切除减压植骨融合术中应用的效果比较

【摘要】目的：评估3D打印人工椎体与传统钛笼在颈椎前路椎体次全切除减压植骨融合术（anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF）中应用的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月～2020年6月于承德医学院附属医院脊柱外科行单椎体ACCF的50例脊髓型颈椎病患者,其中25例术中应用3D打印人工椎体（观察组）,25例术中应用传统钛笼植骨（对照组）。记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、C型臂X线机透视次数及随访时间。术前、术后3天、术后3个月及末次随访时在颈椎侧位X线片上测量椎体次全切除节段椎间高度（H1、H2）、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7矢状面轴向距离（C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-7 SVA）及T1倾斜角,比较两组患者各时间点的影像学参数;应用日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分评价神经功能,应用疼痛视觉模拟（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分评价颈部疼痛。根据Kandziora标准判断植骨融合情况。结果：所有患者均获得随访,观察组随访时间12~33个月（24.16±4.95个月）;对照组随访时间12~33个月（22.60±5.91个月）,两组患者随访时间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量和C型臂X线机透视次数均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;两组患者术后各时间点的JOA评分和VAS评分较术前均有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组间同时间点比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;术后两组患者各时间点的椎体间高度、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA及T1倾斜角与术前相比均有明显改善（P<0.05）,两组间术前及术后3天比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）,术后3个月及末次随访时两组间比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。末次随访时观察组19例人工椎体存在下沉,下沉距离为0.1~0.9mm,无严重下沉患者;对照组20例钛笼下沉,下沉距离为1.3~3.5mm,有4例严重下沉患者;观察组人工椎体下沉距离小于对照组钛笼下沉距离,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。末次随访所有患者均实现骨性融合。结论：脊髓型颈椎病患者行ACCF时应用3D打印人工椎体和传统钛笼植骨均可恢复椎体间高度,重建颈椎稳定性及颈椎生理曲度;3D打印人工椎体能够减缓术后支撑假体的沉降,进而维持减压椎体间高度。