3D打印解剖型钛笼与传统钛笼在ACCF术中应用的比较研究

目的评估3D打印解剖型钛笼在单节段颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合(ACCF)术中应用效果及其安全性。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2015-12行C5椎体ACCF的56例脊髓型颈椎病,27例ACCF术中应用3D打印解剖型钛笼(观察组),29例ACCF术中应用传统钛笼(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、JOA评分改善率。术后3 d及末次随访于颈椎正侧位X线片上观察钛笼下沉距离、骨融合及融合节段Cobb角。结果 56例均获得随访,观察组随访时间(15.34±3.61)个月,对照组随访时间(15.42±2.98)个月。所有患者均达到骨性融合,融合率100%。观察组21例钛笼下沉,下沉0.3~0.7(0.52±0.21)mm,无严重下沉患者;对照组25例钛笼下沉,下沉2.3~4.2(2.93±0.42)mm,3例严重下沉;观察组钛笼下沉距离小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组末次随访时JOA评分改善率为69.5%,对照组为67.0%,2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组融合节段Cobb角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D打印解剖型钛笼在ACCF治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病术中应用能够获得与传统钛笼相似的临床效果及骨性融合率,并且可以有效减少钛笼下沉现象,使用安全。     

单节段颈椎椎体次全切除钛笼植骨融合术后钛笼下沉相关危险因素分析

目的 :分析单节段应用钛笼植骨的颈椎椎体次全切除融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)术后钛笼下沉的相关危险因素。方法:统计并回顾性分析我院2014年7月~2016年6月间应用钛笼植骨的单节段ACCF的44例患者临床资料,测量术前、术后3d内和术后3个月复查时所拍摄的颈椎X线平片,根据术后3个月随访时融合节段高度与术后3d内融合节段相比高度变化,将患者分为下沉组(高度丢失2mm)与未下沉组(高度丢失≤2mm),测量并分析两组间撑开角、钛笼倾斜角、钛笼深度、钉板夹角之间是否存在统计学差异,并通过Logistic回归分析分析钛笼下沉的危险因素。结果:术后3个月随访时,17例(38.64%)患者纳入未下沉组(高度丢失≤2mm),27例(61.36%)患者纳入下沉组(高度丢失2mm)。下沉组与未下沉组之间钛笼倾斜角、钛笼深度、钉板夹角差异有统计学意义(P0.05),撑开角差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,钛笼倾斜角增加是钛笼下沉的危险因素[95%置信区间(1.065,1.374),P0.05]。结论:钛笼下沉为ACCF术后常见的现象。钛笼倾斜角为钛笼下沉的独立危险因素,若该角度8.6°将增加钛笼下沉的风险。     

双节段颈椎前路椎体次全切除融合术后钛笼下沉的探讨

目的：探讨经颈椎前路椎体次全切除钛笼植骨钛板内固定术治疗双节段脊髓型颈椎病术后钛笼下沉的相关影响因素。方法：回顾性分析我院2011年1月至2013年4月收治的86例行颈椎前路椎体次全切除钛笼植骨融合钛板内固定术患者的颈椎正侧位片及临床资料,随访6个月,根据下沉与否分为下沉组和非下沉组进行观察,分析术后钛笼下沉与年龄、性别、手术节段、临床疗效、病变节段撑开角度、和安置位置的相关性。结果：术后6个月时86例患者中有22例发生钛笼下沉（25.6%）,下沉组和非下沉组患者术前平均年龄、性别、手术节段（C5-C7）比较存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,余比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组术后JOA评分均较术前明显改善,存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,两组间比较存在显著统计学差异（P<0.01）。两组融合率比较无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。撑开角度<30°者共63例,下沉组12例（19.0%）,撑开角度≥30°者共23例,下沉组10例（43.5%）。撑开角度<30°与撑开角度≥30°对于下沉发生率的影响比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。椎体前缘与钛笼前缘间距<1mm者共66例,下沉组13例（19.7%）,椎体前缘与钛笼前缘间距>1mm者共20例,下沉9例（45.0%）,椎体前缘与钛笼前缘间距>1mm与椎体前缘与钛笼前缘间距<1mm对于下沉发生率的影响比较有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：撑开角度和安放位置可能是影响钛笼术后下沉的重要因素,此外年龄、性别、手术节段（C5-C7）、骨密度、BMI对钛笼下沉均有不同程度的影响。     

颈前路椎管减压植骨融合内固定术中应用钛笼与n-HA/PA66人工椎体的疗效比较

目的比较颈椎病颈前路椎管减压植骨融合内固定术中置入钛笼与置入纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide66,n-HA/PA66)人工椎体的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2017-02采用颈前路椎管减压植骨融合内固定术治疗的97例颈椎病,50例在术中置入钛笼(钛笼组),47例在术中置入n-HA/PA66人工椎体(人工椎体组),比较2组术后即刻、术后3个月、术后6个月颈椎前凸角度与JOA评分,比较2组术后椎体下沉情况以及末次随访时神经功能改善等级。结果97例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间平均10.4(6~18)个月。末次随访时97例均获得骨性融合。2组术后即刻、术后3个月、术后6个月颈椎前凸角度、JOA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月钛笼组6例出现钛笼下沉现象,人工椎体组未出现人工椎体下沉现象。人工椎体组椎体下沉情况较钛笼组优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组末次随访时神经功能改善等级比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论钛笼与n-HA/PA66人工椎体均能有效重建颈椎的稳定性、改善脊髓功能并获得良好的植骨融合率,n-HA/PA66人工椎体置入后可以获得较低的椎体下沉率。     

颈椎ACCF术后出现钛笼下沉的危险因素Logistic回归分析

目的进行脊髓型颈椎病颈椎体次全切除融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)术后出现钛笼下沉的危险因素Logistic回归分析,为其预后的改善提供理论依据。方法纳入2014年6月～2017年6于我院行ACCF术治疗的102例脊髓型颈椎病患者,随访6个月,将钛笼下沉者设为下沉组,其余设为未下沉组。调查两组患者性别、影像检查等病历资料,采用单因素、多因素分析确定颈椎ACCF术后出现钛笼下沉的独立危险因素。结果术后20例发生钛笼下沉,下沉率19.61%;两组钛笼直径、椎体撑开程度、钛笼倾斜角、钛笼前缘与临近椎体前缘距离、钉板夹角差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素分析钛笼直径(OR=2.321)、椎体撑开程度(OR=1.897)、钛笼倾斜角(OR=2.043)、钛笼前缘与临近椎体前缘距离(OR=2.248)是颈椎ACCF术后出现钛笼下沉的独立危险因素。结论脊髓型颈椎病患者ACCF术后钛笼下沉发生率较高,钛笼直径、椎体撑开程度、钛笼倾斜角、钛笼前缘与临近椎体前缘距离等均会增加钛笼下沉风险。     

颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术后钛网沉降的危险因素

目的：分析颈椎前路椎体次全切除植骨融合术（anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF）后钛网（titanium mesh cages,TMC）沉降的发生率及其危险因素。方法：回顾性分析北京大学第三医院骨科脊柱组2019年1月～2021年12月期间实施ACCF手术的82例脊髓型颈椎病患者,其中男性44例,女性38例,年龄52.4±10.1岁（34～76岁）,随访时间26.6±12.5个月（6～42个月）。根据术后3个月时融合节段高度下降是否超过2.0mm将患者分为沉降组和未沉降组。在术前、术后1d、术后3个月颈椎侧位X线片上测量C2/C7 Cobb角、手术节段Cobb角、椎体间撑开距离、融合节段高度;在术前颈椎CT上测量手术节段近端及远端椎体的CT值,评估骨质疏松情况,记录术前、末次随访的JOA评分,计算JOA评分改善率;将各变量进行单因素分析,将P<0.1的变量及有临床意义的危险因素纳入Logistic回归分析,通过受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评价危险因素预测钛网沉降...     

颈椎前路椎体次全切除术后钛网下沉的原因分析

目的探讨颈椎前路椎体次全切除钛网植骨融合术后钛网下沉的相关因素,提出相对应的改善措施。方法回顾性分析我院96例行颈椎前路椎体次全切除减压钛网钛板植骨融合内固定手术的病例,观察其术前术后的影像学照片、术中钛网的放置情况、椎体撑开的程度、患者的骨密度等。通过JOA评分来评价手术前后患者神经功能改善情况及术后钛网下沉后神经功能的改变情况。结果 96例患者中,术后3个月随访时有18例钛网发生下沉,下沉的原因可能与骨质疏松、钛网修剪放置不当、椎体过度撑开、终板破坏过多等因素相关。通过延长佩戴颈围时间,术后6、9个月随访时,钛网下沉程度无明显加重,术后9个月复查时全部植骨融合。发生下沉的18例患者,与非下沉组相比,JOA评分结果无明显差异。结论颈椎前路钛网发生下沉是颈椎前路手术的常见并发症,一定程度上影响手术疗效,发生钛网下沉的患者,通过延长佩戴颈围,可有效阻止进一步下沉,获得满意的临床疗效。     

双节段颈椎前路椎体次全切除融合术后钛笼下沉的影响因素分析

目的 探讨双节段颈椎前路椎体次全切除融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)后钛笼(titanium mesh cage,TMC)下沉的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析我院2011年1月至2013年4月收治的86例应用TMC内固定行ACCF患者的颈椎正侧位片及临床资料,随访6个月,根据TMC下沉与否分为下沉组和非下沉组,分析术后TMC下沉与年龄、性别、手术节段、临床疗效、病变节段撑开角度及安置位置的相关性.结果 术后6个月,86例患者中有22例发生TMC下沉(25.6％),下沉组和非下沉组的年龄、性别、手术节段(C5～G)、骨密度、身体质量指数(BMI)之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组术后日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores,JOA)均较术前明显改善,且非下沉组高于下沉组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但两组融合率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);椎间撑开角度＜30°与≥30°,对下沉发生率的影响不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);椎体前缘与钛笼前缘间距＜1 mm与≥1 mm,对下沉发生率的影响不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 椎间撑开角度和安放位置可能是影响TMC术后下沉的重要因素,此外年龄、性别、手术节段(C5～C7)、骨密度、BMI对TMC下沉均有不同程度的影响.     

颈前路经椎间隙扩大锥状减压融合术治疗严重椎间隙狭窄颈椎病的疗效观察

【摘要】目的：观察颈前路经椎间隙扩大锥状减压融合术（enlarged anterior cervical intervertebral cone-shape decompression and fusion,EACDF）治疗严重椎间隙狭窄颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月~2020年7月采用颈椎前路减压融合手术治疗的135例严重椎间隙狭窄颈椎病患者的临床资料,其中53例患者行颈前路椎体次全切减压融合术（anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF）,纳入ACCF组;82例患者行EACDF,术中采用撑开扩大椎间隙、切除椎体部分后缘及部分钩椎关节的扩大减压方式,纳入EACDF组。对比两组间患者的年龄、性别、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）,记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院日,术前和术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访时的颈肩部及上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analog scale,VAS）、颈椎残障指数（neck disability index,NDI）及日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分,测量术前和术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访时的颈椎整体曲度（C2-C7 Cobb角）、手术节段Cobb角、手术节段椎间高度、狭窄节段椎间孔高度及面积。记录两组植骨融合率及手术并发症。结果：两组间年龄、性别、BMI均无统计学差异（P>0.05）,所有患者均顺利完成手术,术后随访24~78个月（47.74±20.36个月）。两组间手术时间、出血量、平均住院日均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访的颈痛与上肢痛VAS评分、NDI及JOA评分较术前均有明显改善（P<0.05）;两组间术前颈痛与上肢痛VAS评分、NDI及JOA评分均无明显差异（P>0.05）,EACDF组术后即刻上肢痛VAS评分明显低于ACCF组（P<0.05）,两组间术后2个月、12个月及末次随访时的颈痛与上肢痛VAS评分、NDI及JOA评分均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。EACDF组术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访时的C2-C7 Cobb角、手术节段Cobb角、手术节段椎间高度、狭窄节段椎间孔高度及面积较术前均有明显改善（P<0.05）;ACCF组术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访时的C2-C7 Cobb角、手术节段Cobb角、狭窄节段椎间孔面积较术前均明显改善（P<0.05）,术后即刻手术节段椎间高度、狭窄节段椎间孔高度较术前均明显改善（P<0.05）,但术后12个月和末次随访时的狭窄节段椎间孔高度较术前无明显差异（P>0.05）。两组间术前C2-C7 Cobb角、手术节段Cobb角、手术节段椎间高度、狭窄节段椎间孔高度及面积均无统计学差异（P>0.05）,术后即刻、2个月、12个月及末次随访时EACDF组均明显大于ACCF组（P<0.05）。末次随访时两组均已植骨融合,ACCF组钛网下沉发生率20.75%。结论：相较于ACCF术式,EACDF能够获得一致的临床效果,并且在恢复椎间隙高度、纠正颈椎曲度及减压椎间孔狭窄方面更具优势。     

颈椎前路减压融合术后钛笼下沉临床分析

目的:探讨颈椎前路减压融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病术后影响钛笼下沉的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2005年6月～2009年6月我院收治的104例行颈椎融合钛笼植骨患者的颈椎平片和手术资料,分析撑开程度、钛笼直径和安放部位与钛笼下沉的相关性。结果:104例手术患者中,术后6个月复查时发现16例(15.4%)钛笼发生下沉。46例钛笼直径10mm者中9例发生下沉(19.6%),而58例直径12mm者中7例发生下沉(12.1%),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。钛笼前缘与椎体前缘距离在1mm以内者89例,距离大于1mm者15例,发生下沉例数分别为13例和3例,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。开槽节段相邻椎体终板延长线成角,其中角度在20°～30°者82例,成角大于30°者22例,两组发生下沉例数分别为11例和5例,发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:椎间撑开程度、钛笼直径和安放部位可能是影响钛笼下沉的重要因素。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.