知母种子质量分级标准的研究

目的:研究制定知母种子的质量分级标准。方法:通过对不同产地20个批次知母种子的净度、千粒质量、含水量、生活力、发芽率等指标测定和外观形态观察,利用Excel 2010、SPSS 20.0软件对以上数据进行相关分析、主成分以及K-均值聚类分析,初步确定知母种子质量分级指标和分级标准,且以各等级知母种子分别在田间对比种植,通过测定1年产苗量,2年药材产量及有效成分含量,验证知母种子质量分级标准的合理性。结果:Ⅰ级知母种子发芽率不低于85%,千粒质量不低于7.5 g,净度不低于95%;Ⅱ级知母种子发芽率不低于70%,千粒质量不低于7.0 g,净度不低于85%;Ⅲ级知母种子发芽率不低于65%,千粒质量不低于6.0 g,净度不低于80%;各级种子含水量均小于10%。结论:发芽率和千粒质量为知母种子质量分级标准的主要指标,净度和含水量为参考指标。不同等级知母种子种植后对知母种苗产量、药材产量及质量会有显著影响。该研究制定的知母种子质量分级标准科学可行、符合生产实际,为知母的种子质量评价和规范化栽培提供参考依据。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定中药板蓝根中精氨酸的含量

目的 :建立中药板蓝根中精氨酸的含量测定方法。方法 :以LunaC1 8(4 6mm× 15 0mm ,5 μm)色谱柱为固定相 ,柱温2 5℃ ;以水 三氟醋酸 (99 8∶0 2 )为流动相 ,流速 0 2ml·min- 1 ;蒸发光散射检测器检测 ,漂移管温度 10 5℃ ,气体流速 3 0 0L·min- 1 。结果 :精氨酸在 0 5 0 4 μg～ 2 5 2 μg范围内线性关系良好 ,r=0 9992。平均加样回收率为 99 3% ,RSD =0 9% (n =5 )。结论 :该方法简便、准确 ,重复性好。     

清开灵和生脉注射液联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤家兔的治疗作用

目的:观察静脉注射清开灵、生脉注射液(生脉)及其联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤(ALI)家兔的影响。方法:家兔随机分为11组:对照组,油酸组,治疗组分别包括清开灵和生脉以及清开灵+生脉小、中、大剂量组。iv油酸(0.05mL·kg^-1)复制家兔ALI模型后,立即iv上述药液,观察给予油酸前及以后30,60,120min时的呼吸频率和幅度,于各时间点测定动脉血气含量;实验后处死家兔取肺组织,测定肺组织LDH,CAT,MDA的含量及观察病理变化。结果:与油酸组比较,清开灵、生脉及清开灵+生脉的小、大剂量组的呼吸幅度均显著升高;清开灵+生脉小剂量组PaO₂显著升高(P<0.05),清开灵、生脉及清开灵+生脉小剂量组的PaCO₂均显著降低(P<0.05);清开灵、生脉各剂量组的MDA均显著降低,清开灵+生脉小剂量组的MDA显著降低、CAT显著增加;清开灵、生脉及清开灵+生脉小剂量组可以减轻油酸引起的病理改变。结论:清开灵+生脉小剂量对油酸型肺损伤家兔的疗效优于同剂量下的单独用药。     

精制芎归缓释滴丸的制备

目的:筛选水溶性和水不溶性载体的种类、配比,研究缓释滴丸剂的成型处方。方法:以圆整度、硬度、料液的黏度、流动性、易滴制程度、累计释放百分数等为考察指标,采用正交设计试验对精制芎归缓释滴丸的成型处方进行优选。结果与结论:按照选定的处方既能有一定的速释量,还能保证10h持续释药80%以上,达到了释药设计目的。     

清开灵和甲基强的松龙注射液联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤家兔的治疗作用

目的:观察静脉注射清开灵、甲基强的松龙(MP)注射液及其联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤(ALI)家兔的影响。方法:家兔随机分为11组:对照组,油酸组,治疗组分别包括清开灵和MP注射液以及清开灵+MP注射液小、中、大剂量组。iv油酸(0.05mL·kg^-1)复制家兔ALI模型后,立即iv上述药液,观察给予油酸前及以后30,60,120min时的呼吸频率和幅度,于各时间点测定动脉血气含量;实验后处死家兔取肺组织,测定肺组织LDH,CAT和MDA的含量,及观察病理变化。结果:与油酸组比较,清开灵和MP注射液小、中、大剂量组的呼吸幅度显著升高、呼吸频率显著降低(P<0.05);治疗30min时,清开灵+MP注射液小、大剂量组的PaO₂显著升高(P<0.05),120min时,清开灵、MP及清开灵+MP注射液小、中和大剂量组的PaCO₂显著降低(P<0.05);清开灵、MP注射液中、大剂量组的LDH显著升高、CAT和MDA显著降低(P<0.05);清开灵+MP小、中剂量组可以减轻由油酸引起的病理改变。结论:清开灵+MP小剂量对油酸型肺损伤家兔的疗效优于同剂量下 的单独用药;而清开灵或MP大剂量单独给药的疗效优于同剂量下的联合用药。     

苍术化学成分和药理活性研究进展

对近年来苍术的化学成分和药理活性两方面研究作了较为系统的总结,其中化学成分包括倍半萜类成分、聚乙烯炔类成分、糖苷类成分等,药理活性包括对消化系统的作用、抗炎作用、降血糖作用、抗缺氧作用、抗菌抗病毒作用、保肝作用、对神经系统的作用、抗心律失常作用等,为其临床应用提供一定的参考依据。     

广藿香生药、化学及药理学的研究进展

广藿香P og ostem on cablin别名刺蕊草、藿香,以干燥地上部分入药,是著名“南药”之一,为临床上常用的芳香化湿药,具有芳香化湿、和中止呕、发表解暑的功能。近年来对广藿香进行了包括品种鉴定、化学成分、药理作用和组织培养等方面的广泛研究,阐明了广藿香的性状和显微特征,分析了影响其化学成分和量的各种因素,并对广藿香调节胃肠道功能和抗菌的药理作用进行了重点归纳。这些研究均为进一步探讨广藿香的品质评价标准、揭示其化学成分与药理作用的相关性提供了理论基础。     

Limitation standard of toxic aconitines in Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines using on-line extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Development of rapid analytical methods and establishment of toxic component limitation standards are of great importance in quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Herein, an on-line extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (oEESI-MS) coupled with a novel whole process integral quantification strategy was developed and applied to direct determination of nine key aconitine-type alkaloids in 20 Aconitum proprietary Chinese medicines (APCMs). Multi-type dosage forms (e.g., tablets, capsules, pills, granules, and liquid preparation) of APCM could be determined directly with excellent versatility. The strategy has the characteristics of high throughput, good tolerance of matrix interference, small amount of sample (∼0.5 mg) and reagent (∼240 μL) consumption, and short analysis time for single sample (<15 min). The results were proved to be credible by high performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, respectively. Moreover, the limitation standard for the toxic aconitines in 20 APCMs was established based on the holistic weight toxicity (HWT) evaluation and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia severally, and turned out that HWT-based toxicity evaluation results were closer to the real clinical applications. Hence, a more accurate and reliable APCM toxicity limitation was established and expected to play an important guiding role in clinics. The current study extended the power of ambient MS as a method for the direct quantification of molecules in complex samples, which is commonly required in pharmaceutical analysis, food safety control, public security, and many other disciplines.     

All-trans retinoic acid regulates hepatic bile acid homeostasis

Retinoic acid (RA) and bile acids share common roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In addition, the receptor for RA (retinoid x receptor) is a permissive partner of the receptor for bile acids, farnesoid x receptor (FXR/NR1H4). Thus, RA can activate the FXR-mediated pathway as well. The current study was designed to understand the effect of all-trans RA on bile acid homeostasis. Mice were fed an all-trans RA-supplemented diet and the expression of 46 genes that participate in regulating bile acid homeostasis was studied. The data showed that all-trans RA has a profound effect in regulating genes involved in synthesis and transport of bile acids. All-trans RA treatment reduced the gene expression levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, and Akr1d1, which are involved in bile acid synthesis. All-trans RA also decreased the hepatic mRNA levels of Lrh-1 (Nr5a2) and Hnf4α (Nr2a1), which positively regulate the gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1. Moreover, all-trans RA induced the gene expression levels of negative regulators of bile acid synthesis including hepatic Fgfr4, Fxr, and Shp (Nr0b2) as well as ileal Fgf15. All-trans RA also decreased the expression of Abcb11 and Slc51b, which have a role in bile acid transport. Consistently, all-trans RA reduced hepatic bile acid levels and the ratio of CA/CDCA, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data suggest that all-trans RA-induced SHP may contribute to the inhibition of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, which in turn reduces bile acid synthesis and affects lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.     

高效液相色谱法测定垂盆草药材中小麦黄素苷的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定垂盆草药材中小麦黄素苷的含量。方法:采用YMC-J’Sphere ODS-H80(4μm,150 mm×4.6 mm)等色谱柱;以异丙醇-水-冰醋酸(15∶8∶2)为流动相;检测波长350 nm。结果:小麦黄素苷在0.099-0.99μg范围内峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 8;平均回收率为97.04%。结论:该法简便可行,结果准确可靠,适用于药材质量控制的定量方法。