Effect of Dexmedetomidine infusion during hip fracture surgery on hemodynamic parameters and blood loss: A triple-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction In this study, we aim to assess the intra-operative effect of dexmedetomidine administration on the hemodynamic parameters and bleeding volume during hip fracture surgery.Patients and methods we designed and implemented a triple-blinded randomized clinical trial to objectively compare the effects of 0.5 µg/kg/h infusion of dexmedetomidine with placebo (equal amount of normal saline) during hip fracture surgery. All included cases were between 30 and 70 years old and underwent surgery for fixation of a proximal femur fracture from September 26, 2020 until February 15, 2021. They were all ASA class I or II with preoperative hemoglobin levels of 10 mg/dL or higher. Surgical blood loss and hemodynamic parameters were documented.Results 76 patients were enrolled. There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics. The bleeding rate was 620 ± 190.0 mL for the normal saline group and 476 ± 177.98 mL in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.04). No significant effect on hemodynamic parameters was observed.Conclusion Based on the current study, intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine during hip fracture surgery under general anesthesia reduced the amount of intraoperative bleeding without causing any significant hemodynamic disturbances.Registration number IRCT20191222045857N1 (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials)     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间骨科急症处理原则的专家共识

自2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市部分医院相继收治多个有华南海鲜市场暴露史的不明原因肺炎病例[1]。患者症状多为发热、乏力、干咳并逐渐出现呼吸困难,部分重症患者出现了急性呼吸窘迫综合征或脓毒症休克、甚至病死。2020年1月7日,我国研究人员首次从患者标本中检测出一种新型冠状病毒[2]。2020年1月20日,中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会发布2020年1号公告,将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎纳入乙类传染病,并按照甲类传染病进行防疫、控制[3]。世界卫生组织将新型冠状病毒肺炎命名为"COVID-19"[4]。     

Small residual fracture gaps delay time to union in length stable femur fractures treated with intrameduallary fixation

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether residual fracture gapping and translation at time of intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation for diaphyseal femur fractures were associated with delayed healing or nonunion.DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingLevel 1 trauma hospital, quaternary referral centerPatients/Participants/InterventionLength stable Winquist type 1 and 2 diaphyseal femur fractures treated with IMN at a single Level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed.Main Outcome MeasureThe largest fracture gap and translation were evaluated on immediate anteroposterior (AP) and lateral postoperative radiographs. Radiographic healing was assessed using Radiographic Union Score in Femur (RUSF) scores at each follow-up. Radiographic union was defined as a RUSF score ≥8 and consolidation of at least 3 cortices. ANOVA and student's t-tests were used to evaluate the influence of fracture gap parameters on time to union (TTU) and nonunion rate. Patients were stratified to measured average gap and translation distances <1mm, 1-3mm and >3mm for portions of the analysis.ResultsSixty-six patients who underwent IMN with adequate follow-up were identified. A total of 93.9% of patients achieved union at an average of 2.8 months. Fractures with average AP/lateral gaps of <1mm, 1-2.9 mm, and >3mm had an average TTU of 70.1, 91.7, and 111.9 days respectively; fractures with larger residual gap sizes had a significantly longer TTU (p=0.009). Fractures with an average gap of 1-2.9mm and >3 mm had a significantly higher nonunion rate (1.5% and 4.5% respectively) compared to 0% nonunion in the <1 mm group (p=0.003).ConclusionResidual gapping following intramedullary fixation of length stable diaphyseal femur fractures is associated with a significant increase in likelihood of nonunion.SummaryResidual displacement of length stable femoral shaft fractures following intramedullary nailing can have a significantly negative impact on fracture healing. An average 3 mm AP/lateral residual fracture gap or a total of 6 mm of the AP + lateral fracture gap appeared to be a critical gap size with increased rates of nonunion and time to union. Therefore, we suggest minimizing the sum of the residual AP and lateral fracture gap to less than a total of 6 mm.     

关节镜下治疗膝关节交叉韧带囊肿的临床研究

目的 :观察关节镜下膝关节交叉韧带囊肿治疗的疗效。方法 :2008年9月至2014年1月,28例膝关节交叉韧带囊肿的患者在关节镜监视下行清除手术,其中男11例,女17例;平均年龄28.3岁(16~56岁);右膝20例,左膝8例。术前有明确外伤史8例,慢性损伤史5例,无明显诱因15例。24例术前即诊断为交叉韧带囊肿;2例术前据MRI诊断为半月板损伤,1例术前诊断为交叉韧带损伤,1例术前诊断为髌股关节炎,此4例均在术中发现交叉韧带囊肿,术后均修正诊断。交叉韧带囊肿MRI分型:Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型8例。术后休息至少2周并进行下肢肌肉功能训练,依据关节活动度、Lysholm评分、IKDC 2000主观膝关节评分、GLASGOW评定法以及Mc Murray试验、轴移试验、前抽屉试验对术后临床疗效进行评价。结果:所有患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症。术后除3例行前交叉韧带射频皱缩和重建手术,余25例均获随访,时间12~52个月,平均26.7个月。末次随访时患者关节活动度由术前的(116.00±5.70)°提高到末次随访时的(123.84±4.59)°,Lysholm评分由术前的59.80±6.58提高到末次随访时的75.32±6.49;IKDC 2000评分由术前的65.36±6.26提高到末次随访时的81.00±5.76,GLASGOW评定法评定25例中优23例,良2例。结论:关节镜下治疗膝关节交叉韧带囊肿短期随访效果良好,术前要仔细查阅MRI,术中认真观察以免遗漏;对于交叉韧带松弛或撕裂的患者,及时给予皱缩或重建,术后应积极训练以便早日康复。     

关节镜下保留残束重建前交叉韧带的疗效

目的:评价保留残束重建前交叉韧带治疗前交叉韧带部分束损伤的临床疗效。方法:自2002年1月至2009年12月,采用保留残束重建前交叉韧带57例,其中男39例,女18例;年龄16～49岁,平均28.5岁;左膝33例,右膝24例;运动伤及训练伤40例,交通事故伤7例,生活扭伤10例。前抽屉试验阳性23例,弱阳性6例;Lachman试验阳性19例,弱阳性4例;前抽屉试验和Lachman试验均阳性5例;侧方应力试验(内侧)阳性24例。Rolimeter检查胫骨前移7.5～11.5mm,平均8.7mm。国际膝关节文献委员会评分(IKDC)70.0±7.5,膝关节Lysholm评分68.0±6.3。受伤至手术时间1周～12个月,平均3.1个月。结果:关节镜下前内侧束重建32例,后外侧束重建25例。术后57例均获随访,平均时间22.5个月(13～37个月)。末次随访膝关节活动度达120°～130°,前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阴性54例,前抽屉试验弱阳性2例,Lachman试验弱阳性1例;术后Rolimeter检查膝关节稳定性良好。术后IKDC评分92.0±4.9,Lysholm评分91.0±3.7,均较术前提高。结论:保留残束重建前交叉韧带,有利于移植物血供建立、胶原纤维爬行替代、本体感觉恢复和膝关节的稳定性。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间骨盆髋臼骨折诊疗专家共识

自2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎(COVID-19)疫情暴发并向全国蔓延。相较于严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)冠状病毒,2019-nCoV致死率更低,但却具有更高的传染性和致病力。截至2020年2月22日24时,累计报告确诊病例76936例(武汉36174例)[1];截至2月11日,全国医务人员感染3019例[2],远远超过了"非典"疫情感染人数。骨盆、髋臼骨折是创伤救治中最为复杂的病情之一,其发生率约占全身骨折的3%[3]。骨盆、髋臼骨折常发生于高能量损伤,容易合并大出血、重要脏器损伤等严重情况,病死率一直居高不下[4]。病毒流行为疫区骨盆、髋臼骨折院前急救、急诊诊疗、手术策略、麻醉和围手术期管理等医务工作带来了巨大挑战。在疫情流行期间,为了降低骨盆、髋臼骨折救治过程中患者之间、患者与医务人员之间、医务人员相互之间交叉感染的风险,提高骨折预后水平,需要通过多学科协作,统筹传染病和骨盆、髋臼骨折的诊疗方案,制定严密的诊疗计划,降低疾病的致残率和致死率。为响应党中央号召,科学战"疫",坚决打赢这场疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战,根据《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》,结合肺炎防治和创伤救治相关诊疗指南[5,6,7,8,9,10],特制定此诊疗专家共识,以规范COVID-19疫情期间骨盆、髋臼骨折的诊疗,提高治愈率,降低交叉感染的风险。     

局部麻醉下关节镜手术摘除腘窝囊肿并膝关节腔清理的临床疗效观察

目的:观察局部麻醉关节镜下腘窝囊肿摘除并膝关节腔清理的临床疗效。方法:2009年2月至2014年8月共52例腘窝囊肿的患者在局部麻醉关节镜下行腘窝囊肿摘除并膝关节腔清理手术,其中男34例,女18例;年龄14~62岁,平均43.6岁;右膝29例,左膝23例。术前根据MRI表现进行诊断并判断是否合并其他膝关节疾病,52例均在术前诊断为腘窝囊肿,其中23例合并单纯半月板损伤或软骨损伤,18例合并骨性关节炎,7例合并交叉韧带损伤,2例痛风性关节炎,1例类风湿性关节炎,1例色素沉着绒毛性结节性关节炎。术前患者临床表现:膝关节肿胀21例,膝关节疼痛16例,关节绞锁8例,腿无力4例,膝关节弹响4例。囊肿大小:4.0 cm×3.3 cm~6.2 cm×5.3 cm。根据Rauschning和Lindgren标准分级如下:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级42例。术后康复计划要根据患者具体的损伤情况及术中处理情况来制定。术后定期复查,使用Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级标准评定术后疗效。结果:所有患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症。52例均获随访,时间39.6个月(25~64个月)。末次随访时根据Rauschning和Lindgren分级标准:0级43例,Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级1例,较术前改善(Z=-7.38,P=0.000)。结论:局部麻醉关节镜下腘窝囊肿摘除并膝关节腔清理术的效果确切,创伤小,恢复快,短期随访效果良好。由于可以同时处理膝关节原发疾病,因此复发率也很低。术后应根据术中处理情况制定相应的康复计划并积极训练以便早日康复。