新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对我国消除疟疾工作的挑战及应对策略

2019年底以来,一种新型冠状病毒病肺炎（COVID-19）在我国大范围流行,不仅严重威胁人民群众的生命安全和身体健康,同时也给其他传染病防控带来了严峻挑战。目前,我国每年仍有近3 000例境外输入性疟疾病例,如不能及时开展病例诊治和疫点调查处置,不仅有可能危及患者生命,还可能引起继发传播而威胁我国消除疟疾成果。新型冠状病毒肺炎流行范围广、传播能力强,不仅疟疾患者在就医过程中有可能被感染,而且医务人员在开展临床诊治、样本检测和流行学调查时也面临感染风险。本文分析新型冠状病毒肺炎流行对我国消除疟疾工作的挑战,并探讨相应的应对策略和措施,从而为医务工作者提供参考。     

京杭大运河丹阳段及丹金溧漕河沿线钉螺时空分布特征研究

目的　分析京杭大运河江苏丹阳段及丹金溧漕河沿线钉螺时空分布特征,为动态评估该区域钉螺扩散风险提供科学依据。方法　收集2012－2017年研究区域内水网型血吸虫病流行区螺情数据,采用缓冲区分析、空间自相关分析、热点分析及标准差椭圆分析法,探索京杭大运河丹阳段及丹金溧漕河沿线钉螺时空变化趋势。结果　2012－2017年,研究区域内有螺环境数呈上升趋势;有螺环境主要分布于丹金溧漕河1 000 m缓冲区内,特别是京杭大运河与丹金溧漕河交汇处的老九曲河沿线。2014、2016、2017年,研究区域内钉螺分布存在空间自相关,热点区域主要为丹金溧漕河与京杭大运河交汇处;钉螺分布整体呈东北-西南方向,随着时间变化逐渐向南北方向转变。结论　京杭大运河丹阳段及丹金溧漕河沿线钉螺空间分布复杂,存在从上游向下游扩散的风险,需加强该区域的灭螺工作。     

The role of Tai Chi,cultural dancing,playing a musical instrument and singing in the prevention of chronic disease in Chinese older adults: a mind–body meditative approach

Older adults with chronic diseases have a high level of depression and poor mental health status. Previous public health interventions have attempted to reduce chronic disease-related health risks including depression and to improve mental health, but have had limited success. This study examined whether 15 months of regular participation in Tai Chi (TC) exercise, dancing, instrument playing and singing, as part of a mind–body meditative approach (MBMA), improves brain executive function, psychological functioning and mental health in Chinese older adults. Results indicated that the MBMA programme improved participants' executive function, psychological functioning, mental health and resilience, compared with a control group. These findings indicate that MBMA activities may be adopted as lifestyle approaches to promote mental health in different areas as follows: (1) TC and dancing have the biggest effect for reducing the prevalence of depression and for improving their mental health and resilience in older people with chronic conditions and (2) playing a musical instrument and singing have moderate effect for reducing depression symptoms and promoting mental health. The findings of the study suggest that there are mental health promotion implications relating to exercise type and minimal exercise dosage for older adults. Cultural dancing and TC may be a form of physical activity that is more likely to appeal to older people, when they are most at risk of being overweight or obese, of suffering from depression and/or of experiencing a decline in brain function. TC has been found to be highly effective in preventing depression and promoting brain executive function, and appears to be a form of physical activity that appeals to older people. Dancing, in combination with TC and singing, may be highly effective in protecting older adults from metabolic syndrome and brain function decline and in promoting a positive quality of life including psychological health. Playing a musical instrument may be used as an alternative method for maintaining good mental health in healthy people and for promoting mental health in people suffering from stress and its related depression and anxiety.     

vimentin在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究波形蛋白(vimentin)在人三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化和Westernblot检测122例三阴性人乳腺癌组织中vimentin表达,并分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系;Westernblot分析三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231与非三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中vimentin的表达;Transwell侵袭试验检测细胞的侵袭能力。结果在122例三阴性人乳腺癌组织中vimentin表达明显高于对应的癌旁组织(P<0.05),同时vimentin的表达与其病理分化程度存在明显的相关性(P<0.05)。vimentin在三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中呈高表达,而在非三阴性的MCF-7细胞中表达较低。结论三阴性乳腺癌细胞中vimentin表达增高,vimentin的表达可能与三阴性乳腺癌的侵袭和迁移有关。     

氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐喷雾剂的研究Ⅱ预防耕牛日本血吸虫感染效果的现场观察

目的现场观察氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐喷雾剂预防耕牛日本血吸虫感染的效果,为实施以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略提供技术支撑。方法以血吸虫病流行区江西省永修县吴城镇160头耕牛为实验对象,对实验耕牛逐一编号,收集牛粪采用顶管孵化法检查耕牛血吸虫感染情况。在给予吡喹酮治疗后,全部粪检阴性实验耕牛随机分成A、B、C 3组:A组每隔15 d采用氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐喷雾剂对耕牛全身喷药1次,剂量为每次500 ml/头;B组每隔30 d采用氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐喷雾剂对耕牛全身喷药1次;C组为对照组,每隔15 d采用不含氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐的空白剂对耕牛喷药1次。试验期间,每隔30 d采用顶管孵化法检查全部试验耕牛血吸虫感染情况。结果持续喷药90 d后,喷药组A、B及对照组耕牛血吸虫病患病率分别为4.00%、4.08%和24.49%;与对照组相比,喷药组A和喷药组B耕牛血吸虫病患病率分别下降83.67%和83.34%。结论采用氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐喷雾剂对耕牛进行全身喷药可预防耕牛感染日本血吸虫,降低耕牛血吸虫病患病率。     

中国成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征

目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征, 初步探索遗传和环境因素对高脂血症的影响。方法研究对象来自CNTR在全国11个项目地区募集的双生子, 纳入成年且具有高脂血症信息的69 130名(34 565对)双生子进行分析。采用随机效应模型描述高脂血症的人群、地区分布特征。分别计算不同卵型双生子的高脂血症同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄为(34.2±12.4)岁。双生子人群高脂血症患病率为1.3%(895/69 130)。男性、年长、城镇、已婚、大专及以上文化程度、超重、肥胖、体力活动不足、当前吸烟和曾经吸烟、当前饮酒和曾经饮酒人群中高脂血症患病率较高。双生子对内分析发现, 同卵双生子高脂血症同病率为29.1%(118/405), 高于异卵双生子的18.1%(57/315), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同年龄、地区及性别分层中, 同卵双生子同病率仍呈现高于异卵双生子的趋势。进一步同性别双生子对内分析发现, 在北方组和女性组中, 高脂血症遗传度分别为13.04%(95%CI:2.61%～23.47%)、18.59%(95%CI:4.43%～3...     

Cross sectional survey of Varicella-Zoster virus and measles seropositivity in people living with HIV in a Parisian suburb and a review of current immunization guidelines

According to evidence-based guidelines, vaccines against measles and varicella are generally recommended to susceptible HIV-positive patients, as long as they are not severely immunocompromised. However, routine screening to determine serologic status is not recommended. We conducted a seroprevalence study of anti-measles and anti-Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) antibodies in adults living with HIV (PLWHA) consulting at Avicenne University Hospital in a Parisian suburb. Sera were collected in years 2018–2020 and tested by commercial immunoassays in 268 patients. Most of the patients were born in Sub-Saharan Africa (55 %) and only 23 % in Europe. Measles and varicella seropositivity were present respectively in 91.4 % and 96.2 % of patients. One patient in ten was seronegative to at least one of tested diseases. In the univariate analysis, only younger age (p = 0.027) was associated with a higher risk of measles seronegativity, while shorter time since arrival in France (p < 0.001) and shorter time since HIV discovery (p = 0.007) were associated with a higher risk of VZV seronegativity. In multivariate analysis no association was found. This study highlights the absence of specific risk factors for VZV and measles seronegativity in PLWHA and supports the importance of routine screening, in order to increase immunization rates and reduce risk of complications.     

江苏省2006-2014年城乡未成年人跌倒病例的时间序列预测分析

目的 建立江苏省城乡地区未成年人跌倒发生情况的预测模型,并对城乡地区跌倒的发生情况进行预测分析,为未成年人跌倒的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法 收集2006-2014年江苏省城乡未成年人每月跌倒的病例数并进行整理,以2006-2013年的数据作为拟合样本,以2014年的数据作为预测样本;采用统计软件SPSS 18.0建立季节性自回归移动平均混合模型（seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model,SARIMA model）并进行预测分析。结果 通过模型构建最终拟合的模型城乡分别为SARIMA （0,1,1）（0,1,1）₁₂和SARIMA （0,1,1）（1,1,0）₁₂。模型诊断显示模型残差序列均为白噪音序列,且Box-Ljung检验所有Q统计量均无统计学意义,说明所建模型拟合度较好。2014年城市预测值与观测值之间平均相对误差为11.89%,农村相应的平均相对误差为2.10%;两地预测结果与观测结果基本一致。结论 SARIMA模型可对江苏省未成年人跌倒发生情况进行较准确的预测,可为及时、科学地预防和控制未成年人跌倒的发生提供可靠的数据支持。     

Association between dietary zinc intake and mortality among Chinese adults: findings from 10-year follow-up in the Jiangsu Nutrition Study

Purpose

Population studies of the association between zinc intake and mortality yield inconsistent findings. Using data from Jiangsu Nutrition Study, we aimed to assess the association between zinc intake and mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods

We prospectively studied 2832 adults aged 20 years and older with a mean follow-up of 9.8 years. At baseline, food intake was measured by 3-day weighed food record (WFR) between September and December in 2002. Death occurrence was assessed in 2012 during a household visit as well as by data linkage with the regional death registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were calculated using competing risks regression (CVD and cancer mortality) and Cox proportional hazards analysis (all-cause mortality).

Results

During 27,742 person-years of follow-up, there were 184 deaths [63 cancer deaths and 70 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths]. Dietary zinc to energy ratio was positively associated with cancer and all-cause mortality. Across quartiles of the zinc to energy ratio from low to high, the HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 1.00, 1.80 (95% CI 1.10–2.95), 1.55 (95% CI 0.96–2.50), and 1.85 (95% CI 1.11–3.07), respectively. Comparing the extreme quartiles of the zinc to energy ratio, the HR for cancer mortality was 2.28 (95% CI 1.03–5.04).

Conclusion

Zinc intake was positively related to all-cause mortality and cancer mortality.