对医院办公室工作的思考

面对医疗卫生事业改革的新形势、新任务,医院办公室应该更新观念,树立改革创新意识、大局意识、法制意识、市场竞争意识和以病人为中心的意识;积极参与医院改革、成本核算、组建医疗集团、建立医院信息系统、开拓医疗服务市场、参与市场竞争等医院重点工作;建立和协调好对内对外的关系,在医院改革与发展中发挥积极作用。     

Directional screening and identification of potential cytotoxic components from Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface palsmon resonance and chromatography

Objective: To establish a method for directional screening of the cytotoxic components from the medicinal herb of Achnatherum inebrians by a combination of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor and chromatographic isolation technology. Methods: Under the guidance of bioactive assessment based on binding abilities between objects and the α-Mannosidase (α-Man) target, the active components from different solvents extracts, different polar extraction parts and fractions were screened orderly and directionally using SPR. Components with a high binding ability to α-Man can be precisely oriented in a narrower fractions range and are easy to isolate. Three human cancer cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of component with the highest affinity to α-Man. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identificated from A. inebrians for the first time. Deoxyvasicinone possessed the highest affinity to α-Man among them. Moreover, deoxyvasicinone showed good effects on inhibited proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2 (IC50 = 5.7 μmol/L), human breast cancer cells MCF7 (IC50 = 7.21 μmol/L) and human lung cancer cells HCC827 (IC50 = 0.75 μmol/L), respectively. In particular, its inhibitory effect on HCC827 was stronger than the positive drug gefitinib (IC50 = 1.65 μmol/L). Conclusion: A comprehensive strategy of directional screening potential cytotoxic components from herb based on biomolecular interaction and chromatography was established. Deoxyvasicinone as an effective anti-cancer component was initially isolated from A. inebrians. It is expected that this screening strategy could provide new perspectives for rapid screening and identification of active components from natural plants with the complex matrix.     

Efficiency of Soil Amendments for Copper Removal and Brassica Juncea (L.) Growth in Wastewater Irrigated Agricultural Soil

Wastewater irrigation is becoming a massive challenge for sustainable agriculture. Particularly, copper (Cu) presence in wastewater poses a great threat to the food chain quality. Thus, scientists need to address this issue by using chemical and organic soil amendments to restore the soil ecosystem. Therefore, this study aims to examine the efficacy of sulphur, compost, acidified animal manure and sesame straw biochar for Cu immobilization, adsorption and Brassica growth in wastewater irrigated soil. The current findings presented that all the soil amendments prominently improved brassica yield and significantly minimized the Cu uptake by Brassica shoots and roots in sesame straw biochar (SB) (64.2% and 50.2%), compost (CP) (48% and 32.5%), acidified manure (AM) (37% and 23.2%) and Sulphur (SP) (16% and 3.1%) respectively relative to untreated soil. In addition, Cu bioavailability was reduced by 51%, 34%, 16.6%, and 7.4% when SB, CP, AM, and SP were incorporated in wastewater irrigated polluted soil. The Cu adsorption isotherm results also revealed that SB treated soil has great potential to increase Cu adsorption capacity by 223 mg g^??1 over control 89 mg g^??1. Among all the treatments, SB and CP were considered suitable candidates for the restoration of Cu polluted alkaline nature soil.

     

非综合征型单纯腭裂遗传流行病学研究进展

单纯腭裂是一种较为常见的出生缺陷,其中非综合征型单纯腭裂（NSCPO）占50%。NSCPO是受遗传和环境共同作用的复杂疾病,与非综合征型唇裂伴或不伴腭裂（NSCL/P）不同,通过全基因组关联研究发现的与NSCPO相关的常见遗传变异相对较少。本文对NSCPO的遗传流行病学研究进展进行综述。根据现有研究证据将已发现的NSCPO候选基因分为研究证据比较充分的候选基因、具备一定研究证据的候选基因和现有研究证据较少的候选基因三类,展望了表观遗传学研究、新一代测序技术、交互作用分析在NSCPO病因探索中的应用,为进一步开展病因学研究提供线索。     

111例急性T淋巴细胞白血病免疫表型分析

选用一组抗人白细胞表面分化抗原单克隆抗体和基因探针,依靠间接免疫荧光技术、Ap-AAP桥联酶标免疫组化染色和分子杂交手段.对111例急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)进行了免疫分型研究。本研究所观察到的T-ALL细胞表型绝大多数反映着正常胸腺细胞分化发育阶段或某些少见类型细胞的表型特征,亦有少数病例则无正常淋巴细胞相对应的表型,表明T-ALL细胞的高度异质性。对T-ALL表型的研究为今后深入探讨胸腺内淋巴细胞的分化成熟以及T-ALL发生学提供了良好的研究模式。     

一种新的基于全口义齿测量的牙列缺失修复用颌位记录托盘

目的 测量全口义齿的相关特征数据,并以此设计用于牙列缺失患者全口义齿修复的一种新的,可记录各种参数的颌位记录托盘.方法: 对100副在临床应用的全口义齿,测量双侧上颌第一磨牙中央窝间距a1,上颌第一磨牙中央窝连线至义齿前缘距离a2,上颌义齿宽度a3,上颌义齿长度a4,右上颌第一磨牙近中舌尖至基托组织面高度a5₁,右下颌第一磨牙中央窝至基托组织面高度a5₂,上唇系带切迹至上颌中切牙切端连线的高度a6,上中切牙区唇侧基托最薄处厚度a7,并以此设计颌位记录托盘支撑杆孔间距b1,支撑杆孔至托盘前缘距离b2,托盘宽度b3,托盘长度b4,上颌后牙区托台高度b5₁,支撑杆高度b5₂,前部手柄高度b6,前部手柄厚度b7,以制作不同型号的颌位记录托盘.结果: 各组数据的最小值,平均值,最大值(单位:mm)分别如下:a1:37.1,44.5,59.6;a2:22.6,29.0,38.1; a3: 48.5,58.2,76.6; a4: 37.4,50.8,61.0; a5₁: 5.6,9.5,14.7; a5₂: 3.8,9.9,18.8; a6: 8.9,16.6,24.7; a7: 1.2,2.8,5.9.设计大,中,小3种号型的颌位记录托盘.临床应用时,首先在托盘组织面用硅橡胶重衬,托台平面和前部手柄下缘确定牙合平面;继而安装下颌支撑杆,旋转螺丝至合适的垂直距离;然后在支撑杆前后放置硅橡胶,确定水平关系;最后在前部手柄唇侧画线标记面部中线及微笑,静息时上唇下缘位置.结论: 本研究测量的全口义齿数据对分析修复空间提供了参考,本研究设计的托盘为无牙颌患者全口义齿修复时确定颌位关系提供了一种新方法.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染对载脂蛋白e基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的: 探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P. gingivalis)引起的炎症和氧化应激反应对动脉粥样硬化的影响及作用机制。方法: 采用8周龄载脂蛋白e基因敲除(ApoE knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型,将小鼠随机分为两组:(1)磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)健康对照组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+PBS鼠尾静脉注射;(2)P. gingivalis感染组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+P. gingivalis鼠尾静脉注射。1周3次,隔天1次,共10次。4周后处死,取心脏组织进行油红O染色,血清进行酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),主动脉进行实时荧光定量PCR以及Western blot检测。结果: P. gingivalis 感染组较PBS健康对照组可以显著加重ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,增加血清中炎症介质,如白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)以及氧化应激介质8-羟脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine,8-OHDG)表达,增加主动脉组织中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NADPH 氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,NOX)-2和NOX-4基因的mRNA水平。P. gingivalis感染后在主动脉组织中观察到核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)表达有增高趋势。结论: P.gingivalis感染会加速ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化进程,诱导氧化应激和炎症反应;NF-κB信号通路可能是P. gingivalis加速动脉粥样硬化形成的重要作用机制。     

放大镜和显微镜对口腔修复医生体位的人体工程学影响

目的:研究放大镜和显微镜对口腔修复医生贴面牙体预备时体位的影响,从人体工程学角度对放大镜和显微镜的临床应用价值进行评价。方法:从北京大学口腔医院修复科选择20名口腔修复医生进行前瞻性、单盲、自身对照试验。研究过程中不告知受试者研究的试验假设和真实目的,每人依次在常规视野下(空白对照组)、2.5倍头戴式放大镜下(放大镜组)和8倍医用显微镜下(显微镜组)在仿头模内完成右上中切牙开窗型贴面牙体预备,试验过程中拍摄医生的侧面和正面体位照片。贴面牙体预备完成后,由医生本人利用视觉模拟评分法对自身体位进行主观评分,由两名专家利用侧面和正面体位照片按照“改良口腔医生体位评分表”对医生的体位进行专家评分。结果:空白对照组、放大镜组和显微镜组的主观评分分别为4.55±1.96、7.90±1.12、9.00±0.92,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);专家评分分别为16.38±1.52、15.15±1.30、13.60±0.88,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组的专家评分在躯干前后向位置(1.33±0.41、1.03±0.11、1.00±0.00)、头颈前后向位置(2.75±0.38、2.13±0.36、1.23±0.38)、肘关节位置(1.38±0.43、1.40±0.45、1.13±0.22)和肩部高度(1.43±0.41、1.23±0.34、1.13±0.28)这4项评分上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,在头颈前后向位置和肘关节位置方面,放大镜组与显微镜组之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:放大镜和显微镜均能改善口腔修复医生牙体预备时的体位,其中显微镜的效果更好,从人体工程学的角度二者均具有较高的临床应用价值。     

131I相关唾液腺炎的炎症分级及内镜治疗

目的 结合唾液腺造影及内镜表现对¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎进行炎症分级,评估分析内镜治疗的疗效。 方法 收集2012年11月至2018年10月间在北京大学口腔医院进行唾液腺内镜检查与治疗的¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎患者的临床及影像学资料,分析唾液腺造影与内镜表现的特点并进行炎症分级。根据病变程度,采取内镜下生理盐水与地塞米松混合液灌洗、机械扩张等治疗,术后进行随访。 结果 42例¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎患者中,男性5例、女性37例,男女比例为1 ∶7.4,症状为唾液腺区反复肿胀、疼痛或口干等。腮腺造影主要表现为一处或多处导管狭窄,部分病例分支导管未显影。唾液腺内镜主要表现为导管不同程度狭窄,可见分支导管闭锁。根据腮腺造影及内镜所见分为3级:(1)轻度炎症:主导管存在狭窄和扩张,但0.9 mm内镜可通过;(2)中度炎症:主导管存在一处重度狭窄,内镜不能直接通过;(3)重度炎症:主导管存在2处以上重度狭窄、弥漫性狭窄或导管闭锁。33例(65侧)¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎患者的腮腺同时接受唾液腺造影与内镜检查,其中轻度炎症8侧,中度炎症23侧,重度炎症34侧。内镜治疗后经3~72个月随访,效果评价为显效22侧,缓解22侧,无效19侧,失访2侧,总有效率为69.8%。 结论¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎的临床、腮腺造影以及唾液腺内镜表现具有明确的特点,据此我们提出¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎炎症严重程度的分级标准。唾液腺内镜技术可以明显缓解¹³¹I相关唾液腺炎患者的主观临床症状,对于早期病变效果更佳。