人工听骨植入前后听力学分析及相关因素研究

目的 对比观察传导性耳聋患者采用人工听骨行听骨链重建手术前后的听力学改变,并对影响听力提高的相关因素进行分析探讨。方法 采用人工听骨赝复物重建听骨链行鼓室成形术46例。植入人工听骨材料分别采用美敦力多孔聚乙烯听骨赝复物或德国宾格产钛质人工听骨。赝复体的高度为所测量的镫骨头与锤骨柄之间的距离,应用全听骨赝复物(TORP)时,则为所测得的镫骨底板与锤骨柄之间的距离。鼓膜修补材料取耳屏软骨膜或颞肌筋膜片,分别采用夹层法、外置及内置方法进行修补。对比观察手术前后听力改善情况。结果 对施行该手术的患者进行随访6～67个月,所有患者鼓膜修补愈合良好,听力提高有效率78.7%,没有发生排异反应和病变复发。结论 应用人工听骨赝复物对传导性耳聋患者重建听骨链行鼓室成形术安全有效,术后听力显著提高,并可避免佩带助听器所带来的诸多不便。     

乌苯美司诱导肾癌细胞死亡的作用及机制

目的 观察乌苯美司对肾癌细胞增殖及死亡的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法 利用WST-8细胞增殖实验及细胞生长曲线检测乌苯美司对肾癌细胞增殖能力的影响;LDH释放实验检测乌苯美司对肾癌细胞死亡的影响;酶活性测定法及Western blotting研究乌苯美司诱导肾癌细胞APN活性及表达;Western blotting及免疫组化染色观察乌苯美司的作用靶点氨肽酶N(APN)/CD13在肾癌组织及正常组织中的表达。结果 乌苯美司不能降低肾癌细胞中APN的表达但是可以抑制其活性;乌苯美司可抑制肾癌细胞增殖及活力,诱导细胞自噬性死亡。结论 乌苯美司可抑制肾癌细胞增殖,并可通过诱导自噬引发肾癌细胞死亡。     

Clinical and experimental study on angiopoietin-like protein 8 associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To confirm the role of angiopoietin-like protein 8 (Angptl 8) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: The sera and aqueous humor of 10 PDR patients and 10 non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) patients (idiopathic macular hole patients) were collected and the expression of Angptl 8 was detected by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Experimental diabetes mice model was induced with streptozotocin. The expression of glycosylated hemoglobin and Angptl 8 in sera was detected. Recombinant Angptl 8 was re-infused into wild type (WT) diabetic mice and spatial frequency threshold and contrast sensitivity were measured. In vitro retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were stimulated by recombinant Angptl 8 for 24h. MMT assay were used to detect cell proliferation. At the same time, qRT-PCR and Western blot was used to measure the expression of proliferation-related factors in PRE cells. RESULTS: The expression of Angptl 8 was markedly increased in the sera and aqueous humor of PDR patients (F=99.02, P<0.0001 in sera; t=10.42, P<0.0001 in aqueous). After successfully establishing the diabetic mice model, we found that glycosylated hemoglobin and Angptl 8 expression levels were increased. Re-infusion of recombinant Angptl 8 into WT diabetic mice could further decrease spatial frequency threshold and contrast sensitivity (P<0.01). In vitro, RPE cells stimulated by recombinant Angptl 8 could increase the relative absorbance of MMT assay (1.486±0.042 vs 1.000±0.104, P<0.05) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression (0.55±0.01 vs 0.29±0.03, P<0.05). The proliferative effect of Angptl 8 is mainly mediated by increasing the expression of proliferation-activating factors cyclin A1 (4.973±0.205 vs 2.720±0.197, P<0.05), cyclin F (5.690±0.219 vs 4.297±0.292, P<0.05) and E2F2 (2.297±0.102 vs 1.750±0.146, P<0.05), and reducing the expression of proliferation-inhibiting factors cdkn1 (2.370±0.074 vs 3.317±0.135, P<0.05) and cdkn2 (4.793±0.065 vs 5.387±0.149, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of Angptl 8 is increased in PDR, and the increased Angptl 8 can promote proliferation and increase proliferation-related factors.     

Neuroprotection of taurine through inhibition of 12/15 lipoxygenase pathway in cerebral ischemia of rats

Background: Cerebral ischemia exhibits a multiplicity of pathophysiological mechanisms. Taurine (Tau), an endogenous substance, possesses a number of cytoprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of Tau, through affecting 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) signal pathway in an acute permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10), namely the sham-operated group, MCAO group and Tau group. Tau was intraperitoneally administrated immediately after cerebral ischemia. At 24 h after MCAO, neurological function score, brain water content and infarct volume were assessed. The expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) was measured by Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum.

Results: Compared with MCAO group, taurine significantly improved neurological function and significantly reduced brain water content (p < 0.05) and infarct volume (p < 0.05). Consistent with these indices, the overexpressions of 12/15-LOX, p38 MAPK, cPLA2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased in Tau group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Taurine protected the brain from damage caused by MCAO; this effect may be through down-regulation of 12/15-LOX, p38 MAPK, and cPLA2.     

青年脑梗死患者微栓子信号的观察

目的探讨青年脑梗死患者急性期微栓子信号的特点。方法连续纳入111例青年脑梗死患者,对照组73例为同期青年健康查体人群。行微栓子信号、调节性T细胞、载脂蛋白A1、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2检测。结果青年脑梗死患者微栓子信号阳性率、载脂蛋白A1、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2水平高于对照组(28/111比0/73,P0.05;34.57%±2.12%比27.38%±1.51%,P0.05;255.85μg/L±10.77μg/L比137.22±8.97μg/L,P0.05),调节性T细胞水平低于对照组(8.98%±1.27%比10.27%±1.25%,P0.05)。不稳定斑块组微栓子信号阳性率、载脂蛋白A1、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2高于非不稳定斑块组(15/19比13/92,P0.05;36.57%±2.32%比34.16%±1.12%,P0.05;311.33±10.77μg/L比244.39±9.67μg/L,P0.05),调节性T细胞低于非不稳定斑块组(7.45%±1.87%比9.30%±2.71%,P0.05)。重度狭窄组微栓子信号阳性率、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2水平高于非重度狭窄组(7/9比21/102,P0.05;295.23±11.37μg/L比252.38±10.07μg/L,P0.05)。微栓子信号阳性组载脂蛋白A1、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2水平高于阴性组(36.97%±2.72%比33.76%±1.12%,P0.05;308.21±9.57μg/L比238.19±8.92μg/L,P0.05),调节性T细胞低于阴性组(7.49%±1.77%比9.48%±2.71%,P0.05)。结论青年脑梗死患者急性期微栓子信号及多种免疫指标异常。     

乳腺癌ER、PR、C-erbB-2表达与核素显像骨转移的相关性研究

目的:观察原发性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、C-erbB-2的表达水平与术后骨转移的情况,探讨ER、PR、C-erbB-2的表达水平与术后发生骨转移的相关性,为肿瘤患者术后常规行放射性核素全身骨显像检查提供指导。方法:经手术、病理检查证实的103例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者,术前均无临床及影像学骨转移征象。免疫组织化学S-P法检测ER、PR、C-erbB-2的表达水平,术后3个月⁵年行放射性核素全身骨显像,至少15年行放射性核素全身骨显像,至少1²次,可疑病灶行X线、CT和MRI检查。根据术后骨转移情况分为有骨转移组和无骨转移组,分别分为≤50岁年龄组和>50岁年龄组进行统计学分析。结果:①ER、PR的表达在≤50岁年龄组与骨转移存在相关性(χ2=26.51,P<0.01;χ2=13.81,P<0.05),在>50岁年龄组与骨转移无相关(P>0.05);C-erbB-2的表达在2个年龄组与骨转移均无相关性(P>0.05)。②无骨转移组ER、PR的阳性表达率显著高于骨转移组(χ2=21.19,P<0.01;χ2=4.39,P<0.05)。CerbB-2的阳性表达率无骨转移组与骨转移组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.16,P>0.05)。③骨转移组中ER、PR共同表达阳性(+++、++、+),ER表达阳性同时PR表达阴性和ER、PR同时表达阴性3种组合与无骨转移组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.67,P<0.05;χ2=9.93,P<0.05;χ2=21.62,P<0.01);ER表达阴性同时PR表达阳性的组合在2组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.14,P>0.05)。结论:ER、PR共同表达阴性的患者较其他表达组合发生骨转移的概率大,ER、PR表达水平与术后发生骨转移的概率及年龄有相关性,C-erbB-2表达水平与骨转移无显著相关性。分析ER、PR、C-erbB-2表达水平有助于指导患者术后常规行放射性核素全身骨显像。     

以低钾血症、反复骨折为首发表现的库欣综合征1例并文献复习

目的:探讨1例以低钾血症、反复骨折为首发表现、体征不典型的库欣综合征。方法:分析山东大学附属威海市立医院1例以低钾血症、反复骨折为首发表现的库欣综合征患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。结果:该例患者女性,68岁,以低钾血症、反复骨折为首发表现,后诊断为鞍区促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）型垂体瘤,经手术治疗好转。结论:有低钾...     

岩舒注射液联合化疗对晚期胃癌患者生活质量的影响

目的观察岩舒注射液（复方苦参注射液）联合化疗对晚期胃癌患者生活质量的改善及安全性的影响。方法将120例晚期胃癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组患者采用FOLFOX方案常规化疗。观察组患者在对照组化疗方案基础上,同时加用岩舒注射液15ml入0.9%氯化钠注射液250ml静滴,每天1次,10d为1个疗程。2~6个周期化疗后进行疗效评价。观察两组患者生活质量评分、卡氏评分、疼痛评估、免疫功能和不良反应。结果生活质量评分、卡氏评分：观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。疼痛评估：观察组疼痛缓解率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。免疫指标：治疗前两组患者四项免疫功能水平无明显差异,观察组化疗前后各指标变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对照组化疗后CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8指标均较化疗前明显下降,CD8上升,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组治疗后各指标差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。观察组患者化疗后出现的不良反应大多较对照组少且程度减轻,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论岩舒注射液配合化疗治疗晚期胃癌,能改善生活质量,缓解疼痛,增强机体免疫功能,降低化疗药物不良反应。     

额面部丛状神经鞘瘤1例

 报告额面部丛状神经鞘瘤1例。患者女,48岁,因“额面部左侧肿物17年,左眉弓皮下肿物3年”就诊。皮肤专科检查：额面部左侧见一约8 mm×6 mm×3 mm大小黄红色类圆形结节,隆起于皮面,表面光滑,质地韧,无压痛。左眉弓上方皮下扪及一约9 mm×8 mm×4 mm大小的结节,质地韧,轻度压痛,活动度可。两处皮损组织病理均为：真皮中下层内可见多个由梭形细胞组成的肿瘤团块,呈结节状,结节间被透明疏松的纤维结缔组织所分隔。免疫组化结果：S-100（+++）,Vimentin（+）,SMA（-）,CD34（-）,Ki-67（5%+）。诊断为丛状神经鞘瘤。予以手术切除,随访3年未复发。     

浅表性CD34阳性成纤维细胞肿瘤1例

患者女,34岁,因左大腿外侧皮下结节2年于2019年6月17日就诊。2年前发现左大腿外侧皮下肿物,约黄豆粒大小,其表面皮肤颜色加深,略隆起,无破溃、红肿及疼痛,肿物缓慢生长,逐渐增大,否认患处有外伤史,期间未行任何治疗。既往体健,家族中无类似病史。