T-2 toxin induces apoptosis, and selenium partly blocks, T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

T-2 toxin is one of the mycotoxins, a group of type A trichothecenes produced by several fungal genera including Fusarium species. In the present study, we have investigated the apoptotic effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocytes and the relationship between T-2 toxin induced chondrocyte apoptosis and its influence on Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression. We have also examined the inhibitory effects of selenium on chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin. We have combined morphological and biological techniques to establish the relevance of apoptosis in human chondrocyte death induced by T-2 toxin. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused accelerated apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin involved an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Bcl-2 mRNA expression remained unchanged in chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin treatment, while Bax mRNA expression increased following treatment with T-2 toxin. Selenium could partly block the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by T-2 toxin through decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, apoptosis of chondrocytes can be induced by T-2 toxin (1-20ng/mL) via the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio may play a critical role in governing the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes.     

清代名医的医德（二）

用生动事例介绍清代名医的医德，以供后人效法和学习。     

薄层扫描法测定血浆中盐酸氟桂利嗪浓度及药物动力学

血浆中盐酸氟桂利嗪经硼酸缓冲液酸化后，正戊烷－异丙醇（９８：２）提取其原型，加酸使成盐溶于无机相中，再加碱后用二氯甲烷提取，样品点于硅胶ＧＦ２５４薄层板上，以环己烷－丙酮－氯仿（９：３：５）为展开剂。氟桂利嗪在２５４ｎｍ紫外灯下呈紫色斑点，Ｒｆ＝０．５４，于ＣＳ－９３０薄层扫描仪上测定，λｓ＝２１５ｎｍ、λｇ＝３１０ｎｍ，线性范围０．３￣８μｇ，平均回收率９０．０２％。用此法测定了氟桂利嗪血药浓度     

Cardiokymograph system with a capacitance transducer and its preliminary application in the measurement of heart wall movement

A novel cardiokymograph system is introduced. The new system features a capacitance transducer with increased sensitivity and can be used in multichannel measurements. The novelty of this technique is the injection of a current into the patient coupled with the use of a capacitive displacement transducer and the possibility of multichannel monitoring. It provides for the possibility of removing breath noise when some signal processing technique, such as adaptive filtering, is used. Further investigation is needed to demonstrate clinical significance and pathologies.     

Analysis thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment for early stage of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities

Objective:To explore the effect of thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment forearly stage of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity.Methods:The clinical data of 10 patients at the early stage of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in the lower extremuites treated by thrombolysis with anticoagulation and dispersion drugs were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The thrombolytic effect was significant.After treatment,the deep veins were recanalized without regurgitation in 75.3% of the patients.The total effective rate was 100%.Only three patients had hemorrhagic complication,but none of the patients died.Conclusion:Thrombolysis with anticoagulation treatment is an effective and safe method for DVT at the early stage.     

冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶活性的测定

目的探讨冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1活性及其与冠心病之间的关系。方法选择冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者106例和非冠心病组62例,用乙酸苯酯法和比色法分别测定两组血脂、血清对氧磷酶1活性、超氧化物歧化酶及丙二醛含量,并进行对比分析。结果冠心病组血清中对氧磷酶1活性和超氧化物歧化酶水平分别为113±64μkat/L和43.8±8.2 kU/L,均较对照组降低(134±72μkat/L和63.4±5.7 kU/L)(P<0.05);而丙二醛含量较对照组升高(9.4±1.8μmol/L比4.1±0.5μmol/L,P<0.01)。对氧磷酶1活性与高密度脂蛋白和超氧化物歧化酶水平呈正相关,与丙二醛水平呈负相关。冠状动脉狭窄者对氧磷酶1活性较无狭窄者明显减低(P<0.001),2、3支血管病变者较1支血管病变者对氧磷酶1活性降低(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清对氧磷酶1活性降低,低对氧磷酶1活性与冠心病严重程度有关。     

门脉高压症患者肝脏储备功能评估的临床研究

目的 :探讨肝硬化门脉高压症患者术前肝脏储备功能的评估方法。方法 :用L ogistic多元回归法分析了 80例门脉高压症断流患者术后出现肝功能不全的相关因素 ,从中筛选与肝功不全关系最密切的危险因子。结果 :排除手术操作本身的影响后 ,术后发生肝功不全影响最大的因素依次为 :肝性脑病 ( ENC)、血浆吲哚氰绿潴留试验 ( ICGR15)及门静脉充血指数 ( PCI)等 ,而术前的血清总胆红素 ( TBIL)、白蛋白 ( A)、A/G比值、总胆汁酸( TBA)、透明质酸 ( HA)、凝血酶原时间 ( PT)、门静脉内径 ( dp)、门静脉流速 ( Vp)及门静脉流量 ( Qp)等因素 ,在多元回归中所占比例不大。结论 :综合分析术前患者临床指标和肝功能实验室检查有助于评价肝硬化患者肝储备功能 ,预测手术风险及术后转归     

中药安迪注射剂对人食管癌细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 :观察安迪注射剂 (Andi)对电离辐射生物学效应的影响。方法 :人食管癌细胞株 (ECA 10 9)在富氧 (空气 )和缺氧 (通 99 99%的高纯氮气 5 0min)条件下分别观察对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi +60 Co γ线辐射 4组细胞形态 (光镜 )、细胞倍增时间 (TD)、存活率 (SR)及集落存活分数 (SF)。结果 :光镜下可见Andi组、辐射组、Andi+辐射组癌细胞变性、坏死、凋亡 ,以Andi +辐射组为最显著。MTT法测定对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi+60 Co γ线辐射四组缺氧细胞的TD(% )分别为 4 6 12 ,118 72 ,6 2 81,171 0 2h ,SR分别为 10 0 % ,4 2 % ,86 % ,30 % ;各治疗组与对照组比较TD 和SR均相差显著 (P <0 0 5 )。方差分析显示 ,辐射在富氧 (F =90 19,P =0 0 0 0 1)和缺氧 (F =37 0 9,P =0 0 0 0 3)时均为SF的影响因素 ;Andi仅在缺氧时对SF是有意义的影响因素 (F =2 9 0 4 ,P =0 0 0 0 7) ,与60 Co γ线辐射合用对缺氧细胞SF的影响具有协同作用 (F =11 37,P =0 0 0 98)。用单靶多击模型拟合数据分析 ,Andi的放射增敏比 (SER)为 1 5 ,相对敏化效应 (RSE)为 5 5 %。结论 :Andi对缺氧ECA 10 9细胞具有明显的细胞毒和放射增敏作用。     

肝外胆管癌中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)的表达及意义

目的 研究肝外胆管癌中VEGF-C的表达情况及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组化Envision二步法测定32例肝外胆管癌和7例正常胆管组织VEGF-C的表达。结果 VEGF-C在肝外胆管癌和7例正常胆管组织中阳性表达率分别为53．13％，0％。胆管癌组织与正常胆管组织VEGF-C表达水平之间有显著性差异，且VEGF-C表达与胆管癌的分化程度、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关。结论 VEGF-C在胆管癌的表达可促进胆管癌淋巴结的转移，对判断胆管癌淋巴结转移、评估预后有一定意义。     

前列腺癌细胞株Du145裸鼠胫骨部骨肿瘤转移模型的建立

目的:建立一种裸鼠前列腺癌骨转移模型,观察肿瘤局部生长和远处转移情况,并进一步探讨其应用价值。方法:9只6周龄雄性BALB/C裸鼠麻醉后,将前肢及左后肢固定,以1 m l TB针筒-29G针头从胫骨头关节窝,刺入骨髓腔缓缓注入人前列腺癌Du145细胞悬液30μl(约5×106个细胞)至骨髓腔,以建立前列腺癌骨转移模型。观察裸鼠生命体征变化。于濒死状态下处死,取右后肢及其附近淋巴结、肺脏和肝脏等标本,用40 m l/L甲醛固定、石蜡包埋、苏木精-伊红染色后显微镜下观察。结果:9只裸鼠中有6只模型建立成功。接种后平均48 d裸鼠出现跛行现象,右后肢胫骨部可触及米粒大小的包块,质硬,进一步发展至小鼠行走障碍。55 d后出现恶病质,解剖后发现右后肢胫骨部骨质疏松,局部有“腐肉”样组织突出髓腔,填塞肌肉间隙,病理证实为肿瘤组织。肝脏泛黄、被膜皱缩,镜下呈急性重型肝炎的病理改变。结论:胫骨内注射细胞悬液制作裸鼠前列腺癌骨转移模型较好地模拟了人前列腺癌在骨骼微环境中的生长及转归情况,是研究前列腺肿瘤骨转移的适宜模型。