1598例经颈内静脉带隧道中心静脉导管置入术分析

目的探讨颈内静脉入路的带隧道中心静脉导管置管准确性和安全性的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2011年~2019年行颈内静脉带隧道中心静脉导管置入术的病例资料。收集人口学资料,手术相关资料,包括置管位置,是否用X线,置管失败原因,介入干预情况,干预失败原因等。研究主要终点是置管成功率和失败原因。结果1598例患者纳入分析,平均年龄(63.27±11.86)岁,男性659例(41.2%),X线使用率34.7%。总的置管成功率为95.4%(1525/1598),用X线和未用X线的置管成功率为97.8%比94.2%(χ²=11.292,P=0.001)。总体患者经右颈内静脉置管比经左颈内静脉置管的成功率高(96.6%比90.1%,χ²=22,375,P<0.001);未用X线时,经右颈内静脉置管成功率高于经左颈内静脉(χ²=56,871,P<0.001);应用X线后,经右颈内静脉和经左颈内静脉置管成功率无明显差异(χ²=1.424,P=0.233)。置管失败原因有导管尖端异位(包括导管尖端血管内异位和血管外异位)、非X线下导丝置入受阻、介入开通中心静脉失败。导管尖端异位病例均未用X线,占未用X线人群的3.3%(34/1043);未用X线,导丝置入受阻置管失败27例;介入干预病例237例,成功置管225例,未开通中心静脉置管失败12例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,经左颈内静脉置管(OR=1.700,95%CI:3.203~9.362,P<0.001)和未用X线置管(OR=1.653,95%CI:2.650~10.28,P<0.001)是颈内静脉置管失败的独立危险因素。结论X线的应用可以增加经颈内静脉置入带隧道中心静脉导管的成功率,经左颈内静脉置管与经右侧颈内静脉置管相比,应用X线获益更明显。     

2008-2014年北京市海淀区5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

目的 分析北京市海淀区2008-2014年5岁以下儿童年龄别和主要死因别死亡率及变化趋势,为制定、调整政策和干预措施提供依据. 方法 收集北京市妇幼保健网络信息系统2008-2014年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,统计描述和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行分析. 结果 海淀区2014年新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为1.67、2.36和2.92,较2008年分别下降了24.77%、26.48%和13.10%.新生儿和婴儿死亡率均呈现下降趋势(Z=-2.23,-2.27, P=0.0261,0.0230).2014年海淀区5岁以下儿童前5位死因依次为早产或低出生体重、败血症、先天性心脏病、肺炎、出生窒息和意外窒息,较2008年死因顺位有所变化.出生窒息死亡率呈现明显下降趋势(Z=-2.75,P=0.0059),早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、意外窒息、肺炎死亡率因呈现反复,无下降趋势(Z=1.22,-1.60,-0.10,-0.34,P=0.2219,0.1093,0.9172,0.7329). 结论 2008-2014年海淀区新生儿和婴儿死亡率均呈现下降趋势.为进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,应基于死因顺位的变化,积极开展健康教育,抓好产儿科合作,强化围产保健.     

集束化管理策略在血透室新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中的应用效果观察

目的 观察集束化管理策略在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控工作中的应用效果及透析患者疫情防控认知行为的改变。方法 对血透室实施全员集束化管理策略,采用自行设计调查问卷,对155例门诊透析患者进行调查。结果 在血透室应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作中,应用集束化管理策略后,工作人员职业防护合理规范,疫情期间医务人员及透析患者零感染。疫情对患者规律透析、正常生活及心理健康影响不大。疫情期间患者认知及行为有所改变,透析患者普遍能够配合各项防控措施执行。结论 在血透室应对新型冠状病毒肺炎防控工作中实施集束化管理策略效果显著,可明显提高患者对疫情防控的认知,并能够积极配合医疗护理工作,确保血透室各项防控工作有序开展,避免相关院内感染发生。     

开放版式文档在电子病案管理中的应用探讨

介绍开放版式文档（Open Fixed-layout Document,OFD）特点和优势,阐述OFD在电子病案管理中的应用场景,包括归档管理、元数据管理、数据交互、安全和隐私保护、质控和教学应用等方面,分析病案管理中推广OFD面临的问题并对OFD未来发展进行展望。     

北京市海淀区13所幼儿园3岁儿童龋病患病趋势调查

目的了解北京市海淀区3岁儿童2012～2015年间乳牙龋病的患病趋势,为海淀区低龄儿童龋病防治工作提供依据。方法 2012～2015年间对北京市海淀区13所幼儿园3岁儿童,连续4年进行口腔健康状况调查,采用WHO推荐的检查方法和龋病诊断标准,调查海淀区3岁儿童乳牙龋病的患病趋势。口腔检查由2年以上工作经验的儿童口腔医生进行,所有的检查者都经过培训和校准。结果 4年来13所幼儿园3岁儿童的患龋率为46.26%～51.62%,逐年上升(P<0.05),平均48.78%。龋均(dft)2.06～2.57,龋面均(dfs)2.63～3.37,重度低龄儿童龋(SECC)患病率为22.09%～29.54%,龋均、龋面均和SECC患病率从2012年到2014年呈上升的趋势,2015年略有下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患龋儿童接受治疗的百分比为79.14%～41.46%,龋补充填比(ft/dft)为65.09%～31.45%,二者从2012年到2014年呈下降的趋势,2015年明显有回升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论近年来3岁儿童患龋率逐年上升,低龄化趋势明显,患龋严重程度呈上升趋势。     

Treatment of epilepsy in China Formal or informal？

Antiepileptic drugs are the preferred treatment approach for epileptic patients. However, informal treatment is important for intractable epilepsy. In this study, 500 epileptic patients were recruited from the General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA during the period of October 2009 to January 2012. These involved patients that had been medically treated for at least 1 year. Information on the initial treatment and changes to treatment regimens for each patient was collected through questionnaires. The survey results showed that 52.3% of the epileptic patients searched for treatment after the first seizure, and the mean numbers of seizures was 12.8; 59.8% of the epileptic patients were diagnosed at the first visit, and the mean onset time was 17 months after the first seizure. After diagnosis, patients were treated for an average of 20 days, and the median time was 1 day. Formal anti-epileptic drugs were selected as the first treatment regimen by 67.8% of patients, and 77.5% of these drugs were monotherapies. The mean and median numbers of seizure were respectively 36.9 and 3.0 times before the first regimen was changed. The regimen was changed within the first 6 months by 46.6% of patients, and after the first and second years of treatment, the proportions increased to 54.0% and 71.8%, respectively. In total, 78.5% of the regi- mens were changed to informal treatments. The informal treatment of epilepsy in China is common, being initiated by either patients or physicians. Enhancing epileptic treatment services in hospital, improving physicians＇ professional quality, and strengthening health propaganda may promote the normalization of drug treatment of epilepsy in China.     

NAT2基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害的关系

目的探讨汉族人群N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害(ATDLI)易感性的关系。方法回顾性分析抗结核治疗后发生肝损害的结核病患者228例(肝损害组),未发生肝损害的结核病患者260例(无肝损害组),应用时间飞行质谱技术(MassARRAY)检测NAT2基因多态性。结果在筛选出的10个标签单核苷酸多态性(tagSNP)位点中,NAT2启动子区域rs4646243的T等位基因和rs4646246的A等位基因构成的突变纯合及杂合基因型均与抗结核药物性肝损害保护性有关联,rs1115784、rs1041983和rs1799930的纯合突变基因型与抗结核药物性肝损害风险相关联,其中rs1041983和rs1799930的突变纯合基因型与抗结核药物性肝损害高度关联。在10个标签SNP位点中发现2个单体域,位于单体域1的单体型‘TGAA’和位于单体域2的单体型‘TAG’与抗结核药物性肝损害相关联。在NAT2基因上还发现2个抗结核药物性肝损害保护性的单体型:位于单体域1的单体型‘CGGG’及位于单体域2的‘CGG’。结论汉族人群NAT2基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害的发生密切相关,通过检测NAT2基因及单体型,可以在抗结核治疗前筛选出肝损害发生风险较高的患者。     

The Association of Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Intake with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during the Second Trimester in a Cohort of Chinese Pregnant Women

Objective To investigate the association of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total 154 GDM subjects and 981 controls were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in 11 hospitals from May 20, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and dietary surveys were used to determine body composition and to evaluate the intake of nutrients in subjects at 21-24 weeks’ gestation (WG). Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of maternal body composition and dietary intake with the risk of GDM morbidity. Results Age, pre-pregnant body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of GDM. Fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FMP), extracellular water (ECW), BMI, BW, energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates at 21-24 WG were associated with an increased risk of GDM. In contrast, fat free mass (FFM), muscular mass (MM), and intracellular water (ICW) were associated with a decreased risk of GDM. Conclusion Maternal body composition and dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were associated with the risk of GDM morbidity.     

急性心肌梗死患者收缩压水平与预后关系的探讨

【摘要】目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者入院时临床特征,收缩压水平及与预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析1257例急性心肌梗死患者资料,根据其入院时收缩压（SBP）水平而分为五组,分别比较各组的基本临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果和院内并发症及死亡率情况。结果：急性心肌梗死患者院内病死率为（＜106mmHg）22.1%最高、其余分别是[（106～125）mmHg]5.4%、[（126～140）mmHg]4.9%、[（141～160）mmHg]2.9%和（＞160mmHg）3.9%。患者入院时收缩压低于106mmHg组的的死亡率、心源性休克和肾功能不全发生率均高于其他四组。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,SBP＜106mmHg（OR=2.671,P＜0.05）和肌钙蛋白T峰值（OR=4.562,P＜0.05）肾功能不全及冠状动脉多支和左主干病变是入院AMI患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论：入院时SBP＜106mmHg患者在院期间病死率高,入院收缩压低可作为判断AMI患者预后不良的一个较好指标。     

Functional dysconnectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in first-episode schizophrenia using resting-state fMRI

The known regional abnormality of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and its role in various neural circuits in schizophrenia has given prominence to its importance in studies on the dysconnection associated with schizophrenia. Abnormal functional connectivities of the DLPFC have been found during various goal-directed tasks; however, the occurrence of the abnormality during rest in patients with schizophrenia has rarely been reported. In the present study, we selected bilateral Brodmann's area 46 as region of interest and analyzed the differences in the DLPFC functional connectivity pattern between 17 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and 17 matched controls using resting-state fMRI. We found that the bilateral DLPFC showed reduced functional connectivities to the parietal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and striatum in FES patients. We also found enhanced functional connectivity between the left DLPFC and the left mid-posterior temporal lobe and the paralimbic regions in FES patients. Our results suggest that functional dysconnectivity associated with the DLPFC exists in schizophrenia during rest. This may be partially related to disturbance in the intrinsic brain activity.