离子交换－比色法测定杞菊地黄丸中甜菜碱含量

杞菊地黄丸水提取物依次通过强阳离子交换树脂柱、强阴离子交换树脂柱分离得到甜菜碱（Ｂａｔａｉｎｅ），然后与雷氏盐形成沉淀，沉淀用７００ｇ／Ｌ丙酮溶解，用比色法在λｍａｘ５２５ｎｍ处测定其含量，两个厂家生产的杞菊地黄丸中甜菜碱的含量分别为０．０６６％，０．０７４％，平均回收率为９７．００％，相对标准差为０．８３％，相关系数为０．９９９８．     

五子衍宗丸质量标准的研究

目的：建立五子衍宗丸(枸杞子，菟丝子，覆盆子，五味子和车前子)的质量标准。方法：采用双波长薄层扫描法对五子衍宗丸中指标性成分甜菜碱进行定量分析，λs=514nm，λR=468nm；同时对制剂中其他主要药味菟丝子、五味子进行薄层鉴别。结果：平均回收率为99．28％，RSD=2．66％(n=5)。结论：所建方法可靠、准确、专属性强，本法可有效控制五子衍宗丸的质量。     

盐酸甜菜碱对缺氧小鼠的保护作用

盐酸甜菜碱(betaine hydrochloride,BTH)是枸杞、牛膝等中药的活性成分,已能化学合成.BTH具有表面活性剂作用,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌等具有杀灭作用.在体内具有甲基供体作用,能促进脂肪代谢,具有抗脂肪肝、保护肾脏、降血压、抗肿瘤、缓和应激、增进食欲等药理作用,可用于胃酸缺乏、动脉粥样硬化、肝脏疾病、止痛、风湿病、糖尿病等的治疗,也可用作饲料添加剂[1～4].本文观察了BTH对缺氧小鼠模型的保护作用.     

Impact of intratumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer tissue on quantitative metabolomics using high‐resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy

High‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is increasingly being used to study metabolite levels in human breast cancer tissue, assessing, for instance, correlations with prognostic factors, survival outcome or therapeutic response. However, the impact of intratumoral heterogeneity on metabolite levels in breast tumor tissue has not been studied comprehensively. More specifically, when biopsy material is analyzed, it remains questionable whether one biopsy is representative of the entire tumor. Therefore, multi‐core sampling (n = 6) of tumor tissue from three patients with breast cancer, followed by lipid (0.9‐ and 1.3‐ppm signals) and metabolite quantification using HR MAS ¹H NMR, was performed, resulting in the quantification of 32 metabolites. The mean relative standard deviation across all metabolites for the six tumor cores sampled from each of the three tumors ranged from 0.48 to 0.74. This was considerably higher when compared with a morphologically more homogeneous tissue type, here represented by murine liver (0.16–0.20). Despite the seemingly high variability observed within the tumor tissue, a random forest classifier trained on the original sample set (training set) was, with one exception, able to correctly predict the tumor identity of an independent series of cores (test set) that were additionally sampled from the same three tumors and analyzed blindly. Moreover, significant differences between the tumors were identified using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), indicating that the intertumoral differences for many metabolites were larger than the intratumoral differences for these three tumors. That intertumoral differences, on average, were larger than intratumoral differences was further supported by the analysis of duplicate tissue cores from 15 additional breast tumors. In summary, despite the observed intratumoral variability, the results of the present study suggest that the analysis of one, or a few, replicates per tumor may be acceptable, and supports the feasibility of performing reliable analyses of patient tissue.     

甜菜碱对大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用研究

目的观察甜菜碱对复合致病因素诱导肝纤维化大鼠的保护作用。方法复合致病因素法诱导制备肝纤维化大鼠模型,观察灌服甜菜碱对肝纤维化大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、内毒素(ET)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、IV胶原蛋白(IV-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白(PC-Ⅲ)及肝组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)、过氧亚硝酸盐阴离子(ONOO-)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化,并采用HE和VG染色分别观察肝损伤和肝纤维化情况。结果大鼠肝纤维化模型复制成功。给与三个剂量的甜菜碱后,肝组织病理损伤改善。反映大鼠肝功能(ALT、AST)及肝纤维化指标(HA、LN、IV-C)的水平不同程度降低。血清内毒素、肝组织NO、MDA水平亦明显降低。同时Hcy及ONOO-在中、高剂量组明显降低,而TNF-α的降低在高剂量组中也具有明显的统计学差异。结论甜菜碱可抑制复合因素诱导的大鼠肝纤维化,其作用可能是通过降低大鼠体内高同型半胱氨酸、调节炎性细胞因子和氧化应激实现的。     

Radioactive choline metabolism in guinea pig gallbladder

Acetylcholine may be released from gallbladder intrinsic nerves in response to cholecystokinin stimulation. This study characterized metabolites of [¹⁴C]choline produced in the gallbladder and released during incubation, with or without cholecystokinin-octapeptide. Radiolabeled [¹⁴C]choline was applied to the mucosal or muscle surface of intact guinea pig gallbladders in an organ bath. After radiolabeling, gallbladders were incubated with or without the contractile agonist cholecystokinin-octapeptide. Metabolites of [¹⁴C]choline were identified in gallbladder tissue and incubation buffers using HPLC and thin-layer chromatography. The major metabolites of [¹⁴C]choline were betaine and phosphocholine. [¹⁴C]Phosphocholine was incorporated slowly into [¹⁴C]phosphatidylcholine. [¹⁴C]Choline was released into buffers during incubation. [¹⁴C]Acetylcholine constituted less than 1% of radiolabel in the gallbladder. There was no identifiable [¹⁴C]acetylcholine released in buffers. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide did not affect choline metabolism. These studies showed that choline in the gallbladder is metabolized along pathways similar to those in the liver. Gallbladders released mostly choline, rather than acetylcholine, even during hormonally induced contraction.This project was supported by the Research and Development Office of the Department of Veterans Affairs.     

液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定心脑欣片中甜菜碱含量

目的：建立测定心脑欣片中甜菜碱含量的方法。方法采用液相色谱-串联质谱联用（LC - MS / MS）法测定甜菜碱的含量,以电喷雾离子源（ESI）正离子模式将样品离子化,多反应监测（MRM）模式下对甜菜碱（ m / z 118.20→57.92和118.20→59.00）进行测定。色谱柱为 Venusil HILIC 柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（80：20）,流速为0.3 mL / min。结果甜菜碱进样质量浓度在4.44-177.6 ng / mL 范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好（ r =0.9999）,平均回收率为99.45%,RSD 为1.43%（ n =6）。结论该方法简便、可靠、准确,可作为测定心脑欣片中甜菜碱含量的方法。     

Role of betaine in liver injury induced by the exposure to ionizing radiation

Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis may play a major role in the development of radiation‐induced liver damage. Betaine, a native compound widely present in beetroot, was reported to possess hepato‐protective properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of betaine on radiation‐induced liver damage. Animals were exposed to 9 Gy applied in 3 doses of 3 Gy/wk. Betaine (400 mg/kg/d), was orally supplemented to rats after the first radiation dose, and daily during the irradiation period. Animals were sacrificed 1 day after the last dose of radiation. The results showed that irradiation has induced oxidative stress in the liver denoted by a significant elevation in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine with a significant reduction in catalase activity and glutathione (GSH) content. The activity of the detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450) increased while GSH transferase (GSH‐T) decreased. The activity of the apoptotic marker caspase‐3 increased concomitant with increased hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline, laminin (LN), and collagen IV. These alterations were associated with a significant increase of gamma‐glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase markers of liver dysfunction. Betaine treatment has significantly attenuated oxidative stress, decreased the activity of CYP450, enhanced GSH‐T, reduced the activity of caspase‐3, and the level of fibrotic markers concomitant with a significant improvement of liver function. In conclusion, betaine through its antioxidant activity and by enhancing liver detoxification and reducing apoptosis may alleviate the progression of liver fibrosis and exert a beneficial impact on radiation‐induced liver damage.     

甜菜碱对HepG2人肝癌细胞周期及凋亡的影响

目的 研究甜菜碱对HepG2人肝癌细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 MTT法测定甜菜碱对HepG2的细胞毒作用;PI染色,流式细胞术观察甜菜碱对HepG2人肝癌细胞周期及细胞凋亡的影响.结果 甜菜碱对HepG2细胞的IC50为0.5mol/L;甜菜碱使HepG2细胞G2/M期比例下降;甜菜碱作用于HepG2细胞24h后,3个不同剂量组(0.1、0.2、0.4mol/L)诱导细胞凋亡率分别为(7.5±0.9)%、(11.5±1.1)%、(33.9±1.2)%,48h后凋亡率为(13.4±1.9)%、(20.9±1.4)%、(67.8±1.8)%.结论 甜菜碱可抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的生长,阻滞细胞进入G2/M期进而诱导细胞凋亡.     

枸杞品质及其与土壤肥力关系的研究

目的通过测定宁夏8个不同产区枸杞头茬、盛果期和秋果中总糖、多糖、甜菜碱、氨基酸、总黄酮、类胡萝卜素的量及百粒质量,并分析总糖碱比,研究枸杞中这些指标间以及它们与土壤肥力因子间的相互关系。方法采用HPLC和分光光度等实验方法以及聚类分析、相关性分析和方差分析等生物统计方法。结果枸杞中各指标被归为以总糖、甜菜碱和类胡萝卜素为代表的3类,各指标受各种土壤肥力因子的作用不同。结论总糖、甜菜碱和类胡萝卜素这3种成分及糖碱比值能较科学地评价枸杞的品质;施肥时应综合考虑各种肥力因子对枸杞成分的协同作用,不宜片面考虑其单一的相关性。该研究为枸杞品质评价及合理施肥提供了依据。