蒙特利尔认知评估量表用于社区轻度认知障碍筛查的初步研究

目的探讨北京版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA-BJ)用于筛查社区轻度认知障碍(MCI)人群的适用性和最佳分界值。方法以西咸城区50岁以上社区居民为研究对象,采用随机整群抽样方法抽取西咸城区中1195名社区老年人。采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)对受试者进行认知功能检测,参照MCI诊断标准分为正常组和MCI组,再次进行MoCA-BJ测试。按照受教育程度进行分组,分别绘制各组的受试者工作曲线(ROC),确定最大约登指数所对应的MoCA-BJ截断值。结果MMSE和MoCA-BJ评分显著相关,相关系数为0.791,P<0.001;各组MoCA-BJ最佳分界值分别为19(文盲)、21(小学)、25(初中及以上)。一致性检验Kappa值为0.686,P<0.001,一致性较好。结论MoCA-BJ能有效应用于本地区的MCI人群筛查。     

老年快速认知筛查量表应用于轻度认知功能障碍筛查的分界值研究

目的:探讨老年快速认知筛查量表(quick cognitive screening scale for elderly,QCSS-E)在社区老年人群中筛查轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的分界值。方法:采用QCSS-E对社区223名60岁及以上的老年人进行MCI筛查,同时采用金标准进行临床诊断,根据ROC曲线评估QCST-E筛查MCI的整体性能及理想划界分。结果:223名老人中,确诊为正常老人(NC)160名、MCI42例、轻度痴呆21例,分别占71.75%、18.83%和9.42%;3组QCSS-E得分分别为(77.84±4.69)分、(70.31±3.94)分、(62.14±4.68)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。当受试者文化程度分别为小学、初中及以上时,QCST-E筛查MCI/NC、轻度痴呆/MCI的最佳临界分为72、67分和73、68分,以该临界分采用QCSS-E筛查MCI/NC及轻度痴呆/MCI的灵敏度、特异度分别为88.1%、90%和90.48%、90.48%,筛查结果和临床诊断一致性检验Kappa值分别为0.680、0.791。结论:QCSS-E根据不同文化程度的分界值对老年人进行MCI筛查具有良好的灵敏度和特异度,其结果和临床诊断一致性较高,适宜基层医疗单位在社区老年人中推广应用。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在乌鲁木齐维吾尔族人群中应用的初步研究

目的 对维吾尔文版蒙特利尔认知评估量表( MoCA-U)在乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族人群中应用的信度及效度进行检验,并初步确定该量表筛查维吾尔族认知障碍人群的最佳界值.方法 对英文版MoCA量表进行翻译并修订成维吾尔文版,选择188名50～75岁的维吾尔族研究对象,其中正常对照组80名、轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)组68例、痴呆组40例,分别用MoCA-U、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆量表(CDR)等神经心理学量表进行评估比较.结果 (1)MoCA-U的克朗巴赫α系数为0.801,评定者间一致性组内相关系数为=0.977(95％可信区间;0.949～0.990),重测信度r =0.987(P ＜0.001).(2)正常对照组、MCI组、痴呆组的MoCA-U总分分别为(22.65±2.57)、(18.56±3.08)、(9.43±3.89)分,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=27.991,P＜0.001);MoCA-U与MMSE、CDR量表总分的相关系数分别为r=0.84(P ＜0.001)和r=-0.77(P ＜0.001).(3)当研究对象受教育年限≤5年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为20分,此时MoCA-U灵敏度为86.4％,特异度为84.2％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为13分,此时的灵敏度为94.1％、特异度为100％.受教育年限6～10年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为21分,灵敏度为84.6％,特异度为94.1％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为15分,此时的灵敏度为100％,特异度为92.3％.受教育年限≥11年时,MoCA-U筛查MCI的最佳界值为22分,灵敏度为75.8％,特异度为70.5％;筛查痴呆的最佳界值为17分,此时的灵敏度为100％,特异度为84.8％.结论 MoCA-U具有良好的信效度及可行性,适合对乌鲁木齐中老年维吾尔族人群认知功能进行评估;不同受教育程度人群筛查MCI的最佳界值为20～22分,筛查痴呆的最佳界值为13～17分.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍筛查中的应用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者筛查中的应用.方法 应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、MoCA对32例MCI患者和50例健康对照者进行神经心理评估,比较二者筛查MCI的效果.结果 以26分为分界值,MoCA筛查MCI的敏感性为96.87%、特异性为76%,MMSE筛查MCI的敏感性为56.25%、特异性为96%;MoCA中除抽象思维、地点定向两项外,其余各亚项的评分在MCI组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05):MMSE中仅计算与注意力、延迟回忆两项在MCI组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MoCA为高敏感性的MCI筛查工具,能全面评估MCI患者的认知功能.且可用于筛查MMSE得分正常的MCI患者.     

蒙特利尔认知评价量表(中文版)在轻度认知损害诊断及进展过程中的作用

目的研究蒙特利尔认知评价量表(MoCA)中文版在轻度认知损害(MCI)诊断筛查中的作用,评价认知功能在疾病进展过程中的临床意义。方法对年龄、性别、文化程度构成无统计学差异的两组受试者(正常对照组29例、MCI组28例)进行MoCA和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)测试,以其总成绩及各单项成绩作为基线成绩,观察MoCA和MMSE在筛查MCI中的作用,并比较两种量表对筛查轻度认知损害的敏感性、特异性的差异。于初次筛查后12个月对两组受试者进行再次测试,并与基线成绩进行配对t检验,比较前后测试成绩间的差异及各单项成绩对预测疾病进展的作用。结果 MoCA和MMSE对鉴别正常老龄化和轻度认知损害均具有初步筛查作用,MoCA量表中的视空间执行功能(t=2.151,P=0.036)、抽象(t=2.787,P=0.009)、定向(t=3.162,P=0.003)、记忆(t=4.704,P=0.000)等单项测试成绩,两组间差异具有统计学意义;以26分为分界值,MoCA和MMSE诊断MCI的敏感度分别为89.29%和10.71%,特异度为82.76%和100%,MoCA诊断敏感性显著高于MMSE。MCI组患者在12个月后的随访测试中各项成绩均略有下降,其中MoCA总成绩(t=6.454,P=0.000)、视空间执行功能(t=5.610,P=0.000)、语言(t=4.954,P=0.000)测试成绩,复查前后差异有统计学意义。结论 MoCA对轻度认知损害的诊断敏感性高于MMSE,其中视空间执行功能、抽象、定向、记忆各单项测试成绩具有诊断价值;MoCA总评分、视空间执行功能、语言等项成绩复查后降低,对轻度认知损害向阿尔茨海默病转化具有提示作用。     

简易智能精神状态检查量表检测老年期痴呆患者的应用探讨

目的 研究简易智能精神状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination。MMSE)的人群分布特征、临床适用性、痴呆筛查的界定值及痴呆早中期的分界值。方法 采用随机分层抽样方式。对北京城乡40岁及以上常模、痴呆及易混淆疾病人群进行MMSE调查研究及统计分析。结果 MMSE检测结果表明．在城乡常模人群间差异有显著性。其分值随年龄增长而下降．文化程度越高分值越高；痴呆筛查的界定值文盲组≤24分、文化组(初小及以上)≤26分．痴呆早中期分界值文盲组为17分、文化组(初小及以上)为19分。结论 MMSE涵盖的认知项目广泛。操作简单方便。筛查痴呆敏感度较高。适于临床广泛应用，但MMSE判断的认知功能下降是非特异性的．受许多疾病及意识、精神状态干扰，故应结合临床综合判断。     

空间导航测试认知功能的应用结果分析

目的探讨空间导航在中国人群认知功能障碍筛查中的应用价值。方法收集与南京鼓楼医院挂钩社区人群48例,进行神经心理学评价(简易神经状态评价量表和蒙特利尔认知评估量表),根据评分结果将受试者分为对照组(29例)和轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)组(19例);对所有受试者进行计算机模拟空间导航测试(人类模拟水迷宫试验:环境参照导航),比较空间导航结果与神经心理学评价以及各认知领域之间的相关性。结果 MCI组蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分显著低于对照组,MCI组空间导航能力与蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分呈显著相关,且空间导航能力与一些特定的认知领域(延迟回忆、语言、注意力与计算力、重复、绘图功能等)具有相关性。结论计算机模拟空间导航可以作为中国人群认知功能障碍筛查的一种有效方法,为认知功能障碍患者的早期诊断提供新思路。     

认知障碍简明评价表对帕金森病患者轻度认知功能障碍的诊断价值

目的探讨认知障碍简明评价表(Cog-12量表)对帕金森病(PD)患者轻度认知功能障碍的诊断价值。方法将85例PD患者按认知障碍诊断标准分为认知功能正常组(45例)、轻度认知功能障碍组(PD-MCI)组(40例)。采用Cog-12量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及MMSE量表对患者进行测评,分析3个量表对PD患者轻度认知障碍的筛查能力。结果与认知功能正常组比较,PD-MCI组Cog-12量表评分显著升高,MoCA、MMSE量表评分显著降低(均P0.001)。Cog-12对PD患者MCI的鉴别能力明显优于MoCA、MMSE(AUC_(Cog-12)=0.958,敏感度为85.7%,特异度为75%;AUC_(MMSE)=0.798,敏感度为52.4%,特异度为26.5%;AUC_(MoCA)=0.907,敏感度为71.4%,特异度为21.5%)。当Cog-12界值为7.5分时,其敏感性为85.7%。结论 Cog-12量表可有效检测PD患者的认知功能损伤,可应用于临床PD患者认知功能的筛查。     

尿液β淀粉样蛋白寡聚体检测在阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知损害中临床意义的初步探索

目的探索阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者尿液β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)寡聚体水平及其临床意义。方法收集60例病例组研究对象:包括轻度认知损害(MCI)组28例、AD组15例、主观认知下降(SCD)组17例;另选择上海市宝山区友谊街道社区认知正常健康者(对照组)19例。收集患者临床信息以及尿液,利用脑脊液Aβ寡聚体检测ELISA试剂盒检测研究对象尿液Aβ寡聚体水平,比较组间差异;评价尿液Aβ寡聚体水平与MMSE量表、MoCA-B量表认知功能的相关性。由于MMSE量表相较于MoCA-B量表对MCI的灵敏度不高,因此将研究对象进行重新分组,分为:所有受试者组(79例)、对照+SCD+MCI组(64例)和AD组(15例)。结果 SCD组尿液Aβ寡聚体水平(0.026±0.011)ng·mL~(-1),较对照组(0.024±0.009) ng·mL~(-1)、MCI组(0.020±0.015) ng·mL~(-1)和AD组(0.019±0.013) ng·mL~(-1)增高;对照组和SCD组Aβ寡聚体水平与MCI组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.035 0,P=0.012 2)。相关分析结果显示尿液Aβ寡聚体水平与MoCA-B量表评分具有显著相关性,MCI组(r=0.441 3,P=0.018 7),SCD+MCI组(r=0.381 9,P=0.0096)。相较于所有受试者组和对照+SCD+MCI组,AD组Aβ寡聚体水平与MMSE量表评分的相关系数较高(r=0.341 4,P=0.213 0)。结论利用脑脊液Aβ寡聚体检测试剂盒检测尿液Aβ寡聚体有效,尿液Aβ寡聚体作为一种新型的生物标志物有望应用于AD的早期筛查。     

MoCA量表单项得分对认知障碍转归的预测

目的 探讨利用认知筛查工具蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表预测认知转归的可行性。方法 回顾性收集286例老年人先后两次认知评估的分数,根据基线得分分为正常对照组(NC)、轻度认知损害组(MCI)和痴呆组(D)。在各组内分别以MoCA基线单项得分与MMSE、MoCA总分变化值做偏相关分析。结果 在NC组MMSE总分、立方体、注意和计算与分数变化值显著相关,MCI组的视空间与执行、画钟指针和数字顺背与分数变化值显著相关,痴呆组的抽象与分数变化值显著相关。结论 认知转归受病情变化、干预治疗、学习效应、回归平均值效应等共同影响,执行功能受损可能是阿尔兹海默症的早期指标。     

Validation of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS-m) in Hebrew

INTRODUCTION: The validity of the Hebrew version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-m) for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), for dementia, and for cognitive impairment (either MCI or dementia) was investigated. METHODS: Of the 10 059 who took part of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Cohort, 1902 of the 2901 survivors in 1999 had TICS-m interviews. Those with a score of 27 or below and a random sample with a score of 28 or 29 were invited to have a physician's examination for the diagnosis of dementia. The analysis was performed on the 576 who agreed. RESULTS: Based on physician's diagnosis, 269 were diagnosed as suffering from dementia, 128 as suffering from MCI, and 179 were diagnosed with no cognitive impairment. The TICS-m Hebrew version's internal consistency was very high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.98) and showed a strong convergent validity with the MMSE (r = 0.82; p < 0.0005). The sensitivity was 100% for each of the conditions. Finally, after controlling for age, education and hearing impairment, TICS-m was a strong predictor of dementia, MCI and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: At a cut-off of 27/50 the Hebrew version of the TICS-m is a useful screening instrument to identify subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment, dementia and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia).     

Clinical application of the Polish adaptation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test in screening for cognitive impairment

Background and purposeThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test is a brief cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MoCA and compare it with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the early detection of cognitive decline in MCI.Material and methodsA group of 115 subjects (36 meeting DSM-IV criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD) [Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) = 1], 42 meeting Petersen's criteria for MCI [CDR = 0.5], and 37 cognitively intact controls [CDR = 0]) was recruited for the study in the university-based Alzheimer out-patient clinic. All participants underwent general medical, neurological, and psychiatric examinations. The MoCA, the MMSE, CDR and the short (15-item) version of the Geriatric Depression Scale were also applied.ResultsBoth MCI and AD groups exhibited impaired performance on MoCA compared to controls. Polish versions of the MMSE and MoCA tests were comparable in discriminating mild dementia from both MCI and control groups. The Polish version of the MoCA test performed marginally better than MMSE in discriminating MCI from controls. We propose to use the MoCA test to screen for MCI using an optimal cut-off score of 24 and to screen for dementia using a cut-off score of 19.ConclusionsThe Polish version of the MoCA seems effective in the detection of deteriorated cognitive performance and appropriate for differentiating impaired from preserved cognitive function in a Polish population.     

A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment

Objective

The present retrospective study was to explore the clinical value of Six-Item Screener (SIS), which is constituted by 6 items from mini-mental status examination (MMSE), to identify cognitive impairment.

Methods

A total number of 1976 patients aged over 50 years, from the Memory Clinic of Huashan Hospital were employed in a battery of neuropsychological tests including MMSE. Subjects with severe conditions, unable to cooperate, or having been previously enrolled, were excluded from this study. The employed subjects were divided into 3 groups: subjective memory complaints (SMCs) (475 cases), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (440 cases), and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (1061 cases, including 555 mild, 339 moderate, and 167 severe). A total score of MMSE and a score of SIS composed of date, month, year, three-word delayed recall from MMSE were calculated. Data were analyzed based on educational background.

Results

The cut-off of SIS score was ⩽ 2 for illiterate, ⩽ 3 for elementary, and ⩽ 4 for junior high school or above. The sensitivity and specificity of SIS for detecting mild AD were 88.5% and 78.3%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 83.8%, while for detecting MCI, the sensitivity and specificity were 34.3% and 90.1%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 63.2%.

Conclusion

SIS is an effective and reliable instrument for dementia detection in outpatient department. However, it has limited value for MCI identification.     

DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia

OBJECTIVES: To design a new, highly sensitive psychometric screening to identify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with dementia in the early stages of the disease. METHODS: Five tasks were included in the DemTect: a word list, a number transcoding task, a word fluency task, digit span reverse, and delayed recall of the word list. The normation was performed with 145 healthy control subjects (CG). Furthermore, 97 MCI patients and 121 patients with possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) were tested with the DemTect and the MMSE. Classification rates for both tests were analysed. RESULTS: On the basis of the CG data, age-dependant transformation algorithms for the DemTect subtests were defined, and an education correction was provided for the total transformed score. The patient groups scored significantly below the CG in both the DemTect and the MMSE. Compared to the MMSE, classification rates of the DemTect were superior for both the MCI and the AD group, with high sensitivities of 80% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The DemTect is short (8-10 minutes), easy to administer, and its transformed total score (maximum 18) is independent of age and education. The DemTect helps in deciding whether cognitive performance is adequate for age (13-18 points), or whether MCI (9-12 points) or dementia (8 points or below) should be suspected.     

上海市虹口区社区老年人轻度认知功能障碍的危险因素调查研究

目的 调查上海市虹口区社区居家模式老年人群轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者的危险因素。方法分为两步,第一步采用整群分层抽样的方法随机选取上海市虹口区4个街道社区,采用AD8简体中文版对社区卫生服务中心年度体检的≥65岁健康体检老年人进行评测,AD8≥2分为有认知功能障碍;第二步为完成第一步的认知功能障碍受试者,完成一般资料调查表、MMSE、MoCA等量表评测,进行临床诊断,以临床诊断的MCI患者作为研究对象,共163例,并随机选取健康照料者及体检健康人群127例作为健康对照组;采用Logistic回归分析筛查MCI患者的危险因素;组间比较采用秩和检验或t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验。结果第一步共8549名社区老年人完成评估;第二步有163例诊断为MCI,单因素logistic回归分析可见性别、年龄、教育年限、年收入、社会活动、锻炼、睡眠障碍与MCI的发生有关(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析表明女性、高龄、教育程度低、低年收入、缺少社会活动、缺少锻炼、睡眠障碍为虹口区社区居家模式MCI患者的高危因素。结论上海市虹口区社区老年人认知功能障碍的发病率较高,女性、高龄、教育程度低、低年收入、缺少社会活动、缺少锻炼、睡眠障碍是轻度认知功能障碍的主要危险因素。     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表识别首次卒中后轻度血管性认知障碍的作用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)识别首次卒中后轻度血管性认知障碍(mVCI-FS)的作用,并与简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)比较. 方法 选取mVCI-FS患者60例.首次卒中后非血管性认知障碍(nVCI-FS)25例,于发病后(12+1)周由不知情的神经科医师进行MoCA及MMSE评估. 结果 MoCA总平均分为(19.78±4.573)分,MMSE为(25.48±3.148)分,偏相关分析间.r=9,P=0.000.MoCA除计算力和言语流畅性外,其余各项在mVCI-FS和nVCI-FS间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);MMSE的即刻记忆、计算力、命名和阅读理解在2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).应用ROC曲线和Youden指数最大值初步确定MoCA识别mVCI-FS与nVCI-FS的最佳分界值为21分.以21分为分界值.MoCA筛查mVCI-FS的敏感度和特异度分别为84.6%和76.0%,明显优于MMSE(敏感度59.6%和特异度57.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 初步确定MoCA识别mVCI-FS与nVCI-FS的最佳分界值为21分.MoCA筛查mVCI-FS的敏感度和特异度均高,是一种有效的mVCI.FS筛查量表;MMSE对mVCI.FS的敏感度低,识别mVCI-FS的作用有限.     

The role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its memory tasks for detecting mild cognitive impairment

To investigate the role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (Beijing version) and its memory tasks on detecting different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes including amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) in memory clinics. A total of 121 patients with MCI and 53 healthy controls were included. Fifty-six aMCI-multiple domains (amMCI), 32 aMCI-single domain (asMCI), and 33 naMCI patients were diagnosed according to extensive cognitive tests. All participants were administered by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA. Patients with amMCI performed worse than patients with asMCI, naMCI, and healthy controls on the MMSE and the MoCA (p <?0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value for the MoCA when comparing the amMCI and control groups was 0.884 (p?<?0.001), which was superior to that of the MMSE. The AUC value decreased to 0.687 when applied to the naMCI and control groups (p?=?0.007), which was still higher than that of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) or the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF). Delayed free recall or category prompted recall in the MoCA had roles in differentiating asMCI and controls groups with AUC value of 0.717 (p =?0.002) and 0.691 (p =?0.005), respectively. The MoCA is a good screening tool for detecting different types of MCI and is suitable for patients in outpatient clinics.     

轻度认知功能障碍患者的神经心理学研究

目的 探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者神经心理学的特点. 方法 对42例MCI患者和55例健康对照者进行多项神经心理学检查,包括简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)、语言流畅性测验(RVR)、韦氏智力测验(WAIS-RC)[包括数字广度测验(DS)、积木测验(BD)、相似性测验]、韦氏记忆测验(WMS-R)(包括逻辑记忆、联想学习、视觉再认、图片回忆)、日常生活能力量表(ADL),比较2组患者上述量表评分和MMSE、MoCA量表各亚项评分的差异.结果 与对照者比较,MCI患者MMSE、MoCA总分和RVR、WAIS-RC、WMS-R分测验,MoCA量表各亚项(地点定向力除外),MMSE量表中计算与注意、延迟回忆两亚项评分较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MCI患者不仅记忆受损,其计算与注意力、命名、视空间结构能力、执行功能也可受损,尤以延迟回忆、计算与注意力受损明显.MoCA涵盖了重要的认知领域,能较全面评估MCI患者的认知功能,值的临床推广应用.