蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍筛查中的应用

目的 探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者筛查中的应用.方法 应用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、MoCA对32例MCI患者和50例健康对照者进行神经心理评估,比较二者筛查MCI的效果.结果 以26分为分界值,MoCA筛查MCI的敏感性为96.87%、特异性为76%,MMSE筛查MCI的敏感性为56.25%、特异性为96%;MoCA中除抽象思维、地点定向两项外,其余各亚项的评分在MCI组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05):MMSE中仅计算与注意力、延迟回忆两项在MCI组和对照组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其余各项差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MoCA为高敏感性的MCI筛查工具,能全面评估MCI患者的认知功能.且可用于筛查MMSE得分正常的MCI患者.     

晚发型抑郁障碍与轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能差异研究

目的 探讨晚发型抑郁障碍患者与轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能损害的差异.方法 研究对象为2012年7月～2013年8月上海市精神卫生中心老年科住院与门诊就诊符合DSM—Ⅳ诊断标准且起病年龄≥60岁的抑郁障碍患者,共26例为晚发型抑郁障碍组（LOD组）,另选择26例轻度认知功能损害的患者（MCI组）与26例正常老年人（NC组）.认知功能评估采用简明精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔量表（MoCA）.结果 MMSE总分、MMSE分测验中计算力与注意力及MoCA总分、MoCA分测验中连线、注意、持续注意、计算、复述、延迟回忆在LOD组与MCI组差比较异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组与NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.三组在MMSE分测验的时间定向、延迟回忆、三步指令、书写书面指令及MoCA分测验的复制图、画钟、命名比较,MCI组均值最低,与NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,与LOD组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 LOD组认知功能在注意力、延迟回忆、连线测验方面与MCI组损害程度相当.MCI组认知功能受损范围较LOD组广泛.     

认知功能筛查量表在MCI和轻度AD患者中的应用

目的:探讨认知功能筛查量表在轻度认知功能损害(Mild Cognitive Impairment,MCI)和轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzhei mer disease,AD)患者中的应用。方法:对61例MCI患者和47例轻度AD患者进行系列神经心理学测验,同时选择41例正常老年人做对照。结果:MCI组和正常老年人比较,MGR、MMSE的短时记忆亚项、FOM、LM、DR、CDT均有统计学差异。轻度AD组和MCI组比较,MMSE的即刻记忆亚项、RVR、DS、ADL、IADL、POD均有统计学差异。CES-D在三组间无统计学差异。结论:MGR量表可用来鉴别正常人和认知功能损害人群,但不宜用来鉴别MCI和轻度AD患者。RVR和DS量表可以用于鉴别MCI和轻度AD患者。ADL量表在轻度AD患者显示损害,提示AD患者存在日常生活行为能力的损害。     

非痴呆帕金森病患者认知功能状态分析

目的 分析非痴呆帕金森病(PD)患者认知功能的特点及其影响因素,为早期诊断和干预PD认知功能损害提供依据. 方法 选择广州军区广州总医院神经内科自2010年1月至201 1年10月收治的PD患者56例,采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评定其认知功能,Logistic逐步回归分析PD患者认知功能损害的影响因素. 结果 以MMSE为评估标准时,6例(7.14％)PD患者存在轻度认知功能损害(MCI);而以MoCA为标准时,40例(71.43％)PD患者存在MCI.MMSE和MoCA评分均与患者文化程度呈正相关关系(r=0.483,P=0.007;r=0.503,P=0.000).MMSE各认知域中评分下降幅度较大的是视空间、计算及注意力、复述和延迟记忆.认知域评分低于相应认知域总分患者例数较多的为延迟记忆、视空间、即刻记忆和复述.MoCA各认知域评分下降幅度较大的为复述、延迟记忆、抽象、视空间与执行;认知域评分低于相应认知域总分患者例数较多的为延迟记忆、复述、注意和视空间与执行.Logistic逐步回归分析显示文化程度和临床分型是影响PD认知功能损害的主要因素,即文化程度较低,少动强直型和混合型的PD患者认知功能损害风险增高. 结论 认知功能损害在PD患者中常见,以延迟记忆、视空间与执行、计算及注意力、抽象和复述等认知域为主.文化程度和临床分型是PD认知功能损害的主要影响因素.     

上海社区老年抑郁障碍与遗忘型轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能对照研究

目的:探讨上海社区老年抑郁障碍与遗忘型轻度认知功能损害(aMCI)患者之间认知功能的神经心理学差异。方法:1 068例社区老人中符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版临床定式检查(SCID)的老年抑郁障碍患者13例及亚临床抑郁患者7例,共20例作为抑郁障碍组(DD组),并选取性别、年龄、教育程度均匹配的aMCI患者20例(aMCI组)及正常老人20名(NC组)作为对照,采用简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知功能的测评。结果:3组在MMSE总分及地点定向力、计算与注意力、三步指令评分,以及MoCA总分、复制图、注意、计算、延迟回忆、时间定向评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.001)。DD组MMSE总分(P=0.034)、计算力与注意力(P=0.009)以及MoCA总分(P=0.002)、计算(P=0.006)、抽象思维(P=0.030)、时间定向(P=0.044)评分明显好于aMCI组。结论:社区老年抑郁障碍患者认知功能受损程度较老年aMCI患者轻。     

脑白质病变相关性轻度认知功能障碍患者神经心理学特征分析

目的观察脑白质病变(WML)对轻度认知功能损害(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者神经心理学的影响。方法 WML-MCI患者和健康对照者进行常规核磁共振及神经心理学检查,观察WML对MCI患者神经心理学的影响,并对其机制进行探讨。结果 WML-MCI组与对照组相比,高血压、糖尿病和冠心病比例明显增高;词语流畅性测验、积木测验和画钟测验评分均明显降低(P<0.05);而2组间MMSE、数字广度测验和词语延迟回忆测验评分无明显差异。结论 WML影响MCI患者的认知功能,主要表现为视空间及执行功能。血管危险因素是MCI发病的危险因素。     

血清胆红素和尿酸浓度与轻度认知障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者血清胆红素和尿酸水平与认知功能的关系。方法检测71例MCI患者(MCI组)及80名认知正常者(对照组)患者的血尿酸、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)水平。采用MMSE和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对入组者行神经心理学评定。结果与对照组比较,MCI组年龄及吸烟史比率显著升高(均P0.05),受教育年限、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、MoCA子评分中的视空间与执行能力、注意力、抽象思维、延迟回忆及TB、IBIL、尿酸浓度显著降低(P0.05～0.01)。TB与MMSE、MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.287,P=0.030;r=0.347,P=0.024),与MoCA子项目中的视空间与执行功能、抽象思维、延迟回忆呈正相关(r=0.327,P=0.040;r=0.310,P=0.028;r=0.315,P=0.038)。尿酸与MMSE、MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.293,P=0.030;r=0.337,P=0.013),与MoCA子项目中的视空间与执行功能、注意力、延迟回忆、抽象思维呈正相关(r=0.300,P=0.021;r=0.318,P=0.013;r=0.302,P=0.020;r=0.296,P=0.025)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄、低教育程度和吸烟是MCI的独立危险因素(P0.05～0.01),TB及尿酸水平是MCI的保护性因素(均P0.05)。结论高龄、低教育程度和吸烟可促进MCI发生,TB及尿酸水平可防止MCI。     

脑小血管病患者伴发非痴呆血管性认知功能损害情况及尼莫地平疗效的研究

目的探讨脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,SVD)不同亚型伴发非痴呆血管性认知功能损害的情况,评价尼莫地平对SVD的疗效。方法选择SVD患者118例,包括52例腔隙灶脑梗死(LI)和66例白质疏松(WML)患者。分别将LI组和WML组患者随机分组为治疗组(基础治疗加尼莫地平治疗)和对照组(基础治疗),进行6个月治疗。治疗前后对所有患者采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易智能状态检查表(MMSE)、语义分类流畅测验(动物)、Stroop测验(计算错误数)、画钟试验、积木测验、数字广度顺背测验、数字符号测验、逻辑记忆亚测验和再生亚测验进行认知功能评价,并比较各组患者治疗前后认知功能评分。结果治疗前,LI组患者语义分类流畅测验(动物)、数字符号测验、逻辑记忆亚测验、视觉再生亚测验、MoCA、MMSE评分显著高于WML组患者,Stroop测验得分显著低于WML组患者。经过6个月治疗后,LI组和WML组患者中的对照组治疗前后各项认知功能评分均没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。LI组患者中治疗组MoCA、画钟试验和数字广度顺背测验得分升高,Stroop测验得分下降(均P<0.05);WML组患者中治疗组MoCA、MMSE、画钟试验、数字广度顺背测验和视觉再生亚测验得分升高,Stroop测验得分下降(均P<0.05)。结论 SVD两个亚型伴发非痴呆血管性认知功能损害情况不同,LI患者损害程度比WML患者轻。尼莫地平治疗可较好的改善患者的执行功能、视空间结构能力和注意力。     

重症肌无力患者认知功能研究

目的分析MG患者认知功能特点及与患者乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChRAb)、病情分型的相关性。方法对37例MG患者和25例疾病对照组进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估排除明显焦虑、抑郁后;使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态评估量表(MMSE)评估认知功能,分析MG患者认知功能特点。结果 (1)研究组37例MG患者有14例(37. 839%)存在MoCA评分达到认知功能受损,2例(5. 714%)MMSE评估为轻度认知功能障碍(MCI);(2)研究组MoCA、MMSE各认知项目评估结果显示延迟回忆、视空间与执行功能、注意力和计算力成绩有明显下降,语言和定向能力保留较完整;(3) AChRAb阳性型MG患者MoCA总得分、MoCA视空间执行功能项目得分比AChRAb阴性MG患者低。结论 MG患者MoCA、MMSE评定结果存在多个认知项目成绩下降,但总体成绩与对照组相比无统计学差异,说明MG患者可能存在认知功能下降,但程度较轻。MG患者认知功能变化特点是可能存在延迟回忆、视空间与执行功能、注意力计算力下降,语言和定向能力保留较完整。AChRAb阳性MG患者MoCA认知测试成绩较AChRAb阴性MG患者差,提示MG患者认知功能的下降可能与血清AChRAb对CNS免疫攻击作用有关。     

皮质下缺血性脑血管病认知功能障碍研究

目的应用系列神经心理学测试分析皮质下缺血性脑血管病(SIVD)患者的认知损害特征。方法入选SIVD患者53例,年龄及性别相当的健康老年人25例为正常对照组。SIVD患者按照认知损害的诊断标准分为血管性痴呆(VaD)组27例和血管性认知障碍非痴呆(VCIND)组26例。进行MMSE及血管性痴呆包括记忆力、注意力、语言、视空间结构及执行功能5个认知域在内的神经心理学测试,确定VCIND患者受损的认知域。结果①与正常对照组比较,VaD组患者各项量表测试均严重受损,具有统计学差异(P﹤0.05);②VCIND组患者MMSE、数字倒背评分下降,连线测验时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);③VaD组与VCIND组相比,上述各项均受损严重,其中单词回忆、连线测验、画钟测验、数字广度测验评分差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论①SIVD患者同时存在多个认知域损害,以执行功能、注意力损害较为突出,记忆、语言受累相对较轻;②VCIND患者表现为执行功能、注意力受损,程度均低于VaD组,晚期VaD患者全面认知功能明显下降。     

Differences in Cognitive Profile between TIA, Stroke and Elderly Memory Research Subjects: A Comparison of the MMSE and MoCA

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) appears more sensitive to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): over 50% of TIA and stroke patients with an MMSE score of ≥27 ('normal' cognitive function) at ≥6 months after index event, score <26 on the MoCA, a cutoff which has good sensitivity and specificity for MCI in this population. We hypothesized that sensitivity of the MoCA to MCI might in part be due to detection of different patterns of cognitive domain impairment. We therefore compared performance on the MMSE and MoCA in subjects without major cognitive impairment (MMSE score of ≥24) with differing clinical characteristics: a TIA and stroke cohort in which frontal/executive deficits were expected to be prevalent and a memory research cohort. Methods: The MMSE and MoCA were done on consecutive patients with TIA or stroke in a population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study) 6 months or more after the index event and on consecutive subjects enrolled in a memory research cohort (the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing). Patients with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment (MMSE score of <24), dysphasia or inability to use the dominant arm were excluded. Results: Of 207 stroke patients (mean age ± SD: 72 ± 11.5 years, 54% male), 156 TIA patients (mean age 71 ± 12.1 years, 53% male) and 107 memory research subjects (mean age 76 ± 6.6 years, 46% male), stroke patients had the lowest mean ± SD cognitive scores (MMSE score of 27.7 ± 1.84 and MoCA score of 22.9 ± 3.6), whereas TIA (MMSE score of 28.4 ± 1.7 and MoCA score of 24.9 ± 3.3) and memory subject scores (MMSE score of 28.5 ± 1.7 and MoCA score of 25.5 ± 3.0) were more similar. Rates of MoCA score of <26 in subjects with normal MMSE ( ≥27) were lowest in memory subjects, intermediate in TIA and highest after stroke (34 vs. 48 vs. 67%, p < 0.001). The cerebrovascular patients scored lower than the memory subjects on all MoCA frontal/executive subtests with differences being most marked in visuoexecutive function, verbal fluency and sustained attention (all p < 0.0001) and in stroke versus TIA (after adjustment for age and education). Stroke patients performed worse than TIA patients only on MMSE orientation in contrast to 6/10 subtests of the MoCA. Results were similar after restricting analyses to those with an MMSE score of ≥27. Conclusions: The MoCA demonstrated more differences in cognitive profile between TIA, stroke and memory research subjects without major cognitive impairment than the MMSE. The MoCA showed between-group differences even in those with normal MMSE and would thus appear to be a useful brief tool to assess cognition in those with MCI, particularly where the ceiling effect of the MMSE is problematic.     

Impairment of activities of daily living requiring memory or complex reasoning as part of the MCI syndrome

BACKGROUND: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a borderline state between age-associated cognitive decline and mild dementia. MCI is separated from mild dementia by an absence of global intellectual deterioration and the preservation of activities of daily living (ADL). However, even mild degrees of cognitive deterioration are known to have negative effects on complex ADL. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether patients with MCI have impaired ADL as compared to healthy controls, which areas of ADL are particularly involved, and whether limitations on ADL are associated with demographical or clinical data. METHODS: Forty-eight patients with MCI diagnosed according to research criteria and 42 cognitively unimpaired controls were enrolled. Cognitive function was inter alia assessed by the MMSE, complex ADL by the ADCS-MCI-ADL scale. Frequency distributions were compared between patients and controls using chi-square tests. Mean values were examined for statistically significant differences using Kruskal-Wallis tests. A Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the comparison of the 18 areas of the ADCS-MCI-ADL scale. Associations between ADL and biographical or clinical data were analysed using non-parametric correlations. RESULTS: The overall score on the ADCS-MCI-ADL scale was significantly lower in the MCI group. Patients performed significantly worse on 14 out of 18 activities. Activities involving memory or complex reasoning were particularly impaired, whereas more basic activities were unimpaired. There were no statistically significant associations of the ADCS-MCI-ADL overall score with age, years of formal education, gender, or number of cognitive domains affected in the group of MCI patients. However, there was a statistically significant association between the ADCS-MCI-ADL and the MMSE score. CONCLUSION: MCI patients may be impaired in complex ADL. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蒙特利尔认知评价量表(中文版)在轻度认知损害诊断及进展过程中的作用

目的研究蒙特利尔认知评价量表(MoCA)中文版在轻度认知损害(MCI)诊断筛查中的作用,评价认知功能在疾病进展过程中的临床意义。方法对年龄、性别、文化程度构成无统计学差异的两组受试者(正常对照组29例、MCI组28例)进行MoCA和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)测试,以其总成绩及各单项成绩作为基线成绩,观察MoCA和MMSE在筛查MCI中的作用,并比较两种量表对筛查轻度认知损害的敏感性、特异性的差异。于初次筛查后12个月对两组受试者进行再次测试,并与基线成绩进行配对t检验,比较前后测试成绩间的差异及各单项成绩对预测疾病进展的作用。结果 MoCA和MMSE对鉴别正常老龄化和轻度认知损害均具有初步筛查作用,MoCA量表中的视空间执行功能(t=2.151,P=0.036)、抽象(t=2.787,P=0.009)、定向(t=3.162,P=0.003)、记忆(t=4.704,P=0.000)等单项测试成绩,两组间差异具有统计学意义;以26分为分界值,MoCA和MMSE诊断MCI的敏感度分别为89.29%和10.71%,特异度为82.76%和100%,MoCA诊断敏感性显著高于MMSE。MCI组患者在12个月后的随访测试中各项成绩均略有下降,其中MoCA总成绩(t=6.454,P=0.000)、视空间执行功能(t=5.610,P=0.000)、语言(t=4.954,P=0.000)测试成绩,复查前后差异有统计学意义。结论 MoCA对轻度认知损害的诊断敏感性高于MMSE,其中视空间执行功能、抽象、定向、记忆各单项测试成绩具有诊断价值;MoCA总评分、视空间执行功能、语言等项成绩复查后降低,对轻度认知损害向阿尔茨海默病转化具有提示作用。     

脊髓小脑共济失调12型患者认知功能障碍的研究

目的探讨脊髓小脑共济失调(SCA)12型患者是否存在认知功能障碍及其影响因素。方法采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)对5例SCA12型患者(SCA12型组)及13名健康体检者(正常对照组)进行认知功能评估;采用国际协作共济失调评估量表(ICARS)进行共济失调严重程度评分。结果 MoCA评分结果显示,SCA12型组存在认知功能障碍5例(100%),正常对照组存在认知功能障碍10例(77%)。MMSE评分结果显示,SCA12型组存在认知功能障碍2例(40%),正常对照组存在认知功能障碍1例(7.7%)。SCA12型组MoCA和MMSE评分明显低于正常对照组(均P<0.05)。SCA12型组ICARS评分为23～75分,平均(42.6±21.0)分。正常对照组均无共济失调。Spearmans相关性分析显示,SCA12型患者MMSE评分与病程呈负相关(r=-0.894,P=0.041);MoCA抽象功能得分与病程呈负相关(r=-0.884,P=0.047)。结论 SCA12型患者可并发认知功能障碍,这可能与其病程较长有关。     

The role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its memory tasks for detecting mild cognitive impairment

To investigate the role of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (Beijing version) and its memory tasks on detecting different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes including amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) in memory clinics. A total of 121 patients with MCI and 53 healthy controls were included. Fifty-six aMCI-multiple domains (amMCI), 32 aMCI-single domain (asMCI), and 33 naMCI patients were diagnosed according to extensive cognitive tests. All participants were administered by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the MoCA. Patients with amMCI performed worse than patients with asMCI, naMCI, and healthy controls on the MMSE and the MoCA (p <?0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) value for the MoCA when comparing the amMCI and control groups was 0.884 (p?<?0.001), which was superior to that of the MMSE. The AUC value decreased to 0.687 when applied to the naMCI and control groups (p?=?0.007), which was still higher than that of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) or the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF). Delayed free recall or category prompted recall in the MoCA had roles in differentiating asMCI and controls groups with AUC value of 0.717 (p =?0.002) and 0.691 (p =?0.005), respectively. The MoCA is a good screening tool for detecting different types of MCI and is suitable for patients in outpatient clinics.     

蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍中的应用

目的探讨蒙特利尔认知评估量表在轻度认知功能障碍患者中的应用。方法测试年龄及教育程度相匹配的42例MCI患者及39例正常对照组进行MoCA测查。结果与对照组（27.36±1.38）相比,MCI组的MoCA总分（23.93±3.69）更差,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;MCI组在命名、语言及定向方面与对照组无明显差异（P〉0.05）。MCI组在视空间与执行功能（HC 4.46±0.78,MCI 3.57±1.23）、注意（HC 5.95±0.22,MCI 5.61±0.73）、抽象思维（HC 1.61±0.54,MCI1.21±0.68）及延迟回忆（HC 3.54±0.88,MCI 1.97±1.20）方面,均较对照组更差,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论MCI患者不仅在记忆上较正常人差,可能在视空间与执行功能、注意、抽象思维方面存在损害。MoCA量表对MCI患者各认知方面可起到初筛作用。     

Predictors of cognitive impairment in an early stage Parkinson's disease cohort

The impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia is substantial and has major functional and socioeconomic consequences. Early prediction of future cognitive impairment would help target future interventions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and fluency tests were administered to 486 patients with PD within 3.5 years of diagnosis, and the results were compared with those from 141 controls correcting for age, sex, and educational years. Eighteen‐month longitudinal assessments were performed in 155 patients with PD. The proportion of patients classified with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia varied considerably, depending on the MoCA and MMSE thresholds used. With the MoCA total score at screening threshold, 47.7%, 40.5%, and 11.7% of patients with PD were classified with normal cognition, MCI, and dementia, respectively; by comparison, 78.7% and 21.3% of controls had normal cognition and MCI, respectively. Cognitive impairment was predicted by lower education, increased age, male sex, and quantitative motor and non‐motor (smell, depression, and anxiety) measures. Longitudinal data from 155 patients with PD over 18 months showed significant reductions in MoCA scores, but not in MMSE scores, with 21.3% of patients moving from normal cognition to MCI and 4.5% moving from MCI to dementia, although 13.5% moved from MCI to normal; however, none of the patients with dementia changed their classification. The MoCA may be more sensitive than the MMSE in detecting early baseline and longitudinal cognitive impairment in PD, because it identified 25.8% of those who experienced significant cognitive decline over 18 months. Cognitive decline was associated with worse motor and non‐motor features, suggesting that this reflects a faster progressive phenotype. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society