帕金森病非运动症状的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)非运动症状(NMS)的临床特征及其影响因素。方法选取2014年1月至2016年12月期间共126例PD患者作为研究对象,采用NMS量表对患者进行评估,筛选存在NMS的PD患者,对其NMS进行分析,并对NMS的PD患者与无NMS的PD患者的临床资料进行对比分析,对导致PD患者出现NMS的相关因素进行单因素、多因素Logistics回归分析。结果 126例PD患者中,出现至少一项NMS的患者共有77例(61.11%),主要包括认知功能障碍、精神障碍、睡眠障碍、感觉障碍、自主神经功能障碍。经单因素和多因素Logistics回归分析发现,导致PD患者出现NMS的相关因素主要为临床类型、病情分级、病程。结论 PD患者的非运动症状发生概率相对较高,主要表现为认知功能障碍、精神障碍、睡眠障碍、感觉障碍、自主神经功能障碍,其发生主要与临床类型、病情分级以及病程有关。     

帕金森病患者吞咽障碍的研究进展

正帕金森病(PD)是一种常见的CNS变性疾病,以特征性的运动症状为主要表现,但是随着人们认识的深入,自主神经功能障碍、认知功能障碍、精神障碍、感觉异常等非运动症状(NMS)也逐渐得到重视。其中,吞咽障碍作为最常见的NMS症状之一,严重影响了患者的生活质量。PD患者吞咽障碍可导致药物摄入不足、营养不良、脱水和继发性肺炎等多种并发症,其中继发性肺炎是导致PD患者死亡的首要原因~([1-2])。有     

帕金森病非运动症状在评价帕金森病严重程度中的作用

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)非运动症状(NMS)的发病情况及其在评估帕金森病严重程度中的作用。方法选择我院2010-10—2014-06门诊及住院210例PD患者为观察组;选取同期门诊就诊的非PD患者180例为对照组。采用帕金森病非运动症状筛查量表对2组的NMS发病情况进行调查,分析PD患者的NMS临床特征及其在评估帕金森病严重程度中的作用。结果观察组NMS发生总数为1~23项,平均(11.7±5.3)项,显著高于对照组(P0.01);各项NMS发生率比较,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.01)。分析显示,PD患者NMS发生项数与病程和病情严重程度具有相关性(P0.05)。结论自主神经功能障碍、睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁是PD患者最常见的非运动症状,NMS发生总数与PD患者病程及病情严重程度相关,可以作为评价PD严重程度和进展的一项指标。     

早期帕金森病非运动症状对患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨早期帕金森病(PD)患者非运动症状(NMS)的发病情况及其对患者生活质量的影响。方法选择我院门诊及住院160例早期PD患者为观察组;选取同期门诊就诊的非PD患者100例为对照组。采用帕金森病非运动症状筛查量表对2组的NMS发病情况进行调查;采用帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评估患者生活质量;分析PD患者的NMS的发病情况及其对帕金森病患者生活质量的影响。结果观察组NMS平均(8.1±4.2)分,显著高于对照组(4.9±3.1)分(P0.01);焦虑、抑郁、大便排空不完全感、注意力障碍、失眠、记忆力下降对日常生活有显著的负面影响(P0.05)。结论神经精神症状、自主神经功能障碍、睡眠障碍是PD患者最常见的非运动症状,对帕金森病患者生活质量有显著的负面影响,早期评估和干预非运动症状对提高患者生活质量有重要意义。     

鱼藤酮诱导拟帕金森病鼠科动物非运动症状的研究进展

帕金森病(PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,大约90%的PD患者会伴随不同程度的非运动症状(NMS),通常在运动症状发生前数年就表现出来,这些NMS对PD患者的生活质量造成严重的影响,并且由于表现隐匿,不易被早期发现.鱼藤酮诱导的PD动物模型复制了PD的主要病理变化——黑质纹状体的多巴胺能神经元变性、坏死以及残存的神经元内出现路易小体.近年来,这一模型所引起的NMS也日益引起科学家的关注.现就当前鱼藤酮诱导拟PD鼠科动物模型的NMS表现、病理及应用进行综述.     

帕金森病非运动症状及其治疗的流行病学调查

目的 调查帕金森病(Parkinson’s Disease, PD)非运动症状(Non-motor symptom, NMS)的发生率、严重程度、持续时间、治疗情况及其对生活质量的影响。方法 2014年1月～2016年4月对139例PD患者和87例健康成人(对照组)运用非运动症状评分(Non-Motor Symptoms Scale,NMSS)调查NMS,运用帕金森病生活质量问卷39项(39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire,PDQ-39)评估生活质量,运用Hoehn& Yahr(H-Y)分级评定PD患者运动症状的严重程度,并记录研究对象的一般情况和治疗情况,分析PD患者生活质量的影响因素。结果 98.6%的PD患者存在NMS,平均NMSS总分[(61.46±41.92),(0～208)]。在PD患者中发生率超过50%的NMS依次如下:夜尿、便秘、不宁腿、性欲下降、性功能障碍、失眠、乏力; 平均NMSS≥3分的NMS依次如下:便秘、性欲下降、性功能障碍、乏力、失眠、不宁腿、尿频、夜尿; 平均持续时间≥2年的NMS依次如下:便秘、性欲改变、夜尿、勃起障碍、快速动眼睡眠行为异常(REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire,RBD)、嗅觉障碍。PD患者中通便药、安眠药、抗抑郁药和排尿困难药的使用率分别为47.8%(43/90)、19.7%(13/66)、2.7%(2/74)、2.6%(2/76)。PD患者中通便药使用率显著多于正常人群(P<0.0001),2组安眠药使用率比较无明显差异(P=0.736),对照组无人使用改善情绪和排尿困难的药物。多重线性回归分析发现,调查时年龄、H-Y分级和NMS总分是PD患者日常生活质量的预测因素。结论 NMS几乎见于每例PD患者,自主神经功能紊乱、嗅觉障碍和RBD等NMS可用于辅助PD早期诊断,NMS降低PD患者的生活质量,需要加强对NMS的关注。     

帕金森病非运动症状的特点与处理

帕金森病(PD)的非运动症状(NMS)包括神经精神、自主神经等方面的一系列复杂症状,随着运动症状的有效控制,PD的NMS显得更加突出。认识这些NMS将我们对PD的认识带入了新的阶段,准确诊断NMS并及早干预,对改善PD患者的生活质量有重要的意义。本文就目前国内外对PD的NMS认识现状和处理方法作一综述。     

早期初诊帕金森病患者非运动症状的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的探讨早期帕金森病(PD)患者非运动症状(NMS)的临床特征及影响因素。方法收集门诊首次就诊且发病在1a内的早期PD患者105例和健康对照者100例,采用帕金森病非运动症状调查问卷(NMSQuest)进行NMS评估,结合临床特征等因素分析非运动症状发生的主要影响因素。结果 PD组NMS评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),发生率较高的症状依次为便秘(58例,55.2%)、记忆力下降(51例,48.6%)、情绪低落(43例,40.9%)。回归分析显示,H-Y分级、年龄及PD临床亚型是NMS评分的主要影响因素(P0.05),性别、文化程度、病程则与其无关。结论 NMS在早期PD患者中较常见且临床表现多样,需提高认识并及时干预。     

帕金森病患者非运动症状的发生及对日常生活能力的影响

目的 研究帕金森病(PD)患者非运动症状(NMS)的发生情况,及其对PD患者日常生活能力(ADL)的影响.方法 对107例PD患者进行NMS问卷(NMS Quest)调查,分析NMS的分布状况及临床特征,并采用统一PD评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr分期、左旋多巴等效剂量、ADL问卷、MMSE评分进行评估,采用多元逐步线性回归探讨NMS对ADL的影响.结果 97.2%(104/107)的PD患者伴发不同程度的NMS,其发生数平均(8±5)个,其中尿频、便秘、记忆力下降最常见,发生率均超过50%;UPDRS-Ⅲ评分(28.0±16.4)分,能解释ADL总分变化的48.1%(R~2=0.481,P=0.000),引入NMS分值后,ADL分值可被解释的部分增加到51.1%.结论 PD患者普遍伴发NMS,而影响患者的ADL.PD可能是由NMS和运动症状共同组成的多系统神经变性疾病.PD患者的NMS在临床上应引起同样的重视,运动症状与NMS同治,才能提高疗效和ADL.     

异质性帕金森病患者非运动症状分布特点

目的分析临床异质性的帕金森病(Parkinson’disease,PD)患者非运动症状(non motor symptom,NMS)发生及分布的特点,及NMS发生的相关因素。方法 PD患者使用统一帕金森病非运动症状评价量表(Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale,NMSS)、H-Y分期、统一PD评定量表(Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale,UPDRS)Ⅲ部分评分进行评定。171例分组:以发病年龄为标准分为早发组(≤50岁)、晚发组(50岁);以性别为标准的男性组、女性组;以运动障碍表现为依据的分为混合组、震颤组和强直组;以H-Y分级严重度为标准分为早期、中期、晚期组,比较各组NMS发生的程度、频率及常见症状表现的差异,分析NMS相关影响因素。结果全组PD患者出现至少一项NMS症状者占94.15%,情感障碍、睡眠、便秘及嗅觉/味减退程度最重,发生频率最高的为NMS。异质性分组分析提示,NMS在不同的临床类型的PD患者中发生的程度和频率有轻微差异,其中在≤50岁组PD患者性欲改变最突出,值得关注;男性入睡困难和白天嗜睡的睡眠障碍多见,女性则自我感觉悲哀,情绪低落等抑郁症状稍突出;震颤型较易出现出汗增多,混合及强直型情绪低落悲哀多见;早期及中期的PD患者的嗅觉减退、便秘、睡眠问题突出,但疾病进入晚期情感问题明显加重。Spearman相关分析显示,PD患者NMS的发生与年龄、病程、H-Y分期、UPDRSⅢ评分呈正相关(P=0.00)。结论针对临床异质性的PD患者应关注不同类型的NMS,寻求相应的干预策略和治疗措施,提高个体化治疗的精准性,改善患者的生活质量。     

帕金森病疼痛机制研究进展

帕金森病是中老年人群常见的神经变性病,临床表现主要包括运动症状和非运动症状,疼痛是常见的非运动症状,因影响患者生活质量而倍受关注。然而目前关于帕金森病疼痛的发病机制仍不明确,尚待进一步研究。本文拟就可能的帕金森病疼痛发病机制进行阐述。     

Subcutaneous apomorphine and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are now recognized to occur across all stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and as a result there has been an increasing focus on their diagnosis, quantification and effective management. While in some subjects, NMS may be present before diagnosis, in advanced PD, NMS can contribute to hospitalization, severe disability and a shortened life expectancy. Strategies for continuous drug delivery have been reported to have a beneficial effect on NMS in PD and while the efficacy of apomorphine on motor function in PD has been confirmed in a number of studies, in addition to its possible anti-dyskinetic effect, a number of reports have also outlined the possible beneficial effect of apomorphine on NMS. This review sets out to examine the efficacy of apomorphine in non-motor aspects of PD, including its effect on neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep (including restless legs syndrome), urinary dysfunction, pain and impulse control disorders. The analysis takes into consideration case reports, and open-label and comparative case–control studies published to date. Results of this review suggest that although data on the effect of apomorphine on NMS in PD patients are limited there is a strong suggestion of a beneficial effect that warrants further investigation in double-blind studies.     

原发性震颤患者的非运动症状

目的 研究原发性震颤(essential tremor,ET)患者嗅觉障碍等非运动症状的发生情况.方法 对62例ET患者应用震颤评分量表(Falm-Tolosa-Matin Tremor Rating Scale,TRS)、帕金森病非运动症状30问卷量表(Parkinson's disease non-motor symptoms questionnaire,NMS Quest)和MMSE进行评分,T&T标准嗅觉测试液检测嗅觉功能,并与60名健康体检者进行对照.结果 ET患者的嗅觉障碍发生率为51.6%(32/62),明显高于健康对照组(30.0%,18/60,x~2=12.371,P<0.05);平均每例ET患者出现5项左右不同的非运动症状,以对近期发生的事情记忆有困难或忘记做一些事情、嗅觉障碍、令人紧张或害怕的梦或生动梦境的发生率较高.嗅觉障碍等非运动症状的发生与ET患者的病程、病情严重程度、治疗与否没有明显的相关性.结论 除姿势性震颤或动作性震颤外,ET患者还会出现嗅觉障碍等非运动症状,需要全面认识和及时干预.     

脑深部电刺激对帕金森病非运动症状的疗效(附102例病例分析)

目的 探讨丘脑底核(STN)脑深部电刺激(DBS)对帕金森病(PD)非运动症状的治疗作用.方法 102例PD病人接受STN-DBS手术,手术前后分别进行非运动症状(NMS)量表评估,随访时间6个月至6年.结果 PD患者术前有NMS症状3～18项,平均7.1项.NMS评分与患者的Hoehn-Yahr分级明显相关(相关系数r=0.49,P<0.01).手术后频数明显下降的NMS症状是:疼痛、感觉异常、失眠、多梦、不安腿、体质量下降.结论 所有PD患者都具有NMS症状,出现在PD病程的各个时期.随疾病严重程度的进展,PD患者平均NMS评分明显提高.DBS手术不能改善PD患者的所有NMS症状,但可以减少疼痛、感觉异常、失眠、多梦、不安腿、体质量下降等症状.     

Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: the patient’s perspective

Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be manifested in many different ways. Although motor dysfunction represents the best characterised of the symptoms, the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of the condition can be equally disabling for people. These have been highlighted as being an issue of particular importance by people with PD. A comprehensive postal survey of members of the charity Parkinson’s UK took place in 2008. This resulted in returns from 10,101 people with PD. The self-completed Non-Motor Questionnaire (NMSQuest) and quality of life scale (PDQ-8) were contained within the survey. The results showed that the percentage of people with PD experiencing NMS increased with the duration of the disease. However, people who had the younger onset form of the condition reported a greater impact of NMS, particularly in the areas of memory, depression and sleep function. There is an inverse correlation between NMS and (PDQ-8 scale). A significant number of people with PD reported that they experienced problems with olfaction, taste, nocturia and constipation prior to diagnosis and these may help to serve as a future biomarker for the condition. Although our understanding of PD-associated NMS has increased considerably in the recent past, there is still a general lack of awareness of the importance of NMS for people with PD. Further research is required to identify the best treatments that should be employed to address them.     

帕金森病非运动症状研究现状

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性病变,临床上通常以静止性震颤、运动迟缓、齿轮样肌僵直、姿势反射障碍等运动障碍为主要临床表现。一直以来针对帕金森病的治疗方案是以改善患者的运动症状为主要目标,但PD患者通常还会出现感觉障碍(疼痛等)、睡眠障碍(日间过度睡眠等)、自主神经功能异常及精神神经症状(抑郁、躁狂及情感障碍)等,称之为非运动症状(non-motor symptoms,NMS)。有资料显示PD的某些非运动症状与年龄、疾病的严重程度密切相关,对患者生活质量的影响较运动症状更加明显。一些非运动症状,如嗅觉障碍、便秘、抑郁、快速眼动期睡眠行为紊乱(RBD)等,可在疾病早期甚至运动症状出现之前出现,可能对PD的早期诊断有所帮助。非运动症状对患者造成的负担可远远超过运动障碍对患者日常生活和幸福感的影响,深入了解非运动症状,对于PD的预防、治疗及远期预后具有积极意义。本文总结近年来文献并以上述非运动症状的病理、常见临床表现、常用的临床评估及治疗方案为阐述架构,展现近年来PDNMS的研究进展。为了提供一种可以量化的工具,研究者还发明了非运动症状评价量表(NMSS)作为PD非运动症状的临床评价,对严重程度和发作频率进行评估,包含9个方面:心血管、睡眠/疲劳、情绪/认知、感知障碍、注意力/记忆、胃肠道症状、泌尿系统症状、性功能及混合症状,可为临床评价非运动症状的严重程度及治疗提供帮助。     

Parkinson’s disease and REM sleep behavior disorder result in increased non-motor symptoms

ObjectiveRapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is often comorbid with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The current study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the impact of having RBD on multiple non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with PD.MethodsA total of 86 participants were evaluated for RBD and assessed for multiple NMS of PD. Principal component analysis was utilized to model multiple measures of NMS in PD, and a multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between RBD and the multiple NMS measures. Seven NMS measures were assessed: cognition, quality of life, fatigue, sleepiness, overall sleep, mood, and overall NMS of PD.ResultsAmong the PD patients, 36 were classified as having RBD (objective polysomnography and subjective findings), 26 as not having RBD (neither objective nor subjective findings), and 24 as probably having RBD (either subjective or objective findings). RBD was a significant predictor of increased NMS in PD while controlling for dopaminergic therapy and age (p = 0.01). The RBD group reported more NMS of depression (p = 0.012), fatigue (p = 0.036), overall sleep (p = 0.018), and overall NMS (p = 0.002).ConclusionIn PD, RBD is associated with more NMS, particularly increased depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. More research is needed to assess whether PD patients with RBD represent a subtype of PD with different disease progression and phenomenological presentation.     

Animal models of the non-motor features of Parkinson's disease

The non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) occur in roughly 90% of patients, have a profound negative impact on their quality of life, and often go undiagnosed. NMS typically involve many functional systems, and include sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits, and autonomic and sensory dysfunction. The development and use of animal models have provided valuable insight into the classical motor symptoms of PD over the past few decades. Toxin-induced models provide a suitable approach to study aspects of the disease that derive from the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, a cardinal feature of PD. This also includes some NMS, primarily cognitive dysfunction. However, several NMS poorly respond to dopaminergic treatments, suggesting that they may be due to other pathologies. Recently developed genetic models of PD are providing new ways to model these NMS and identify their mechanisms. This review summarizes the current available literature on the ability of both toxin-induced and genetically-based animal models to reproduce the NMS of PD.