皮质下缺血性血管病患者血清sCD40L水平变化及其与认知功能的相关性研究

目的探讨皮质下缺血性血管病(SIVD)患者血清可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的表达水平及其对认知功能的影响。方法选取SIVD患者82例为SIVD组,筛选同时期健康体检者44例为对照组,依据头颅MRI表现评估入选者白质病变(WML)程度(Fazekas评分)和腔隙性脑梗死(LI)数量,ELISA法测定血清sCD40L水平,采用MoCA量表评估总体的认知功能,比较SIVD组与对照组之间一般资料、血清sCD40L水平、脑损伤程度、认知功能评分,并分析sCD40L水平与脑损伤程度、认知功能评分的相关性。结果 SIVD组血清sCD40L水平、Fazekas评分、LI数量显著高于对照组,MoCA评分显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);相关分析显示,sCD40L水平与Fazekas评分、LI数量呈正相关(r=0.346、0.344,P0.01),sCD40L水平与MoCA评分具有负相关性(r=-0.716,P0.001);多元回归分析显示,总胆固醇(OR=2.427,95%CI 1.037～5.682)、sCD40L水平(OR=1.248,95%CI 1.147～1.359)均是SIVD的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论血清sCD40L水平升高可能是SIVD的独立危险因素,且血清sCD40L水平与SIVD严重程度、认知功能密切相关。     

PAS三联疗法对急性脑梗死患者血脂、血清sCD40L及MMP-9水平及颈动脉易损斑块稳定性的影响

目的 探讨普罗布考、阿司匹林、他汀类药物(PAS)三联疗法对急性脑梗死患者血脂、血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的影响,观察其对颈动脉易损斑块稳定性的影响.方法 根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为颈动脉稳定斑块组(n=45)和颈动脉易损斑块组(n=90).将稳定斑块组作为对照组,按随机数字法将易损斑块组分为AS组(n=45,阿司匹林100mg/d,阿托伐他汀20mg/d,口服)和PAS组(n=45,AS基础上加用普罗布考片,0.25/次,2次/日,口服).比较治疗前后血脂、血清hs-CRP、sCD40L和MMP-9水平;观察治疗前后颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT值)、斑块Crous积分及斑块回声变化.结果 治疗后4w,两组中TG、TC、LDL-C、血清hs-CRP、sCD40L和MMP-9水平均下降,PAS组中各项指标下降幅度均大于AS组,差异具有显著性(P均＜0.01);治疗后12个月,两组IMT值和斑块Crous积分较治疗前减少,且PAS组两项指标低于AS组,PAS组低回声斑块回声增强例数高于AS组(P均＜0.01).结论 PAS三联疗法是一种安全有效的治疗方法,具有更强的降脂抗炎作用,可逆转和稳定斑块.     

颅脑损伤患者血清miR-122-5p、Trx1的水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨颅脑损伤患者血清微小RNA(miRNA)-122-5p、硫氧还蛋白1(Trx1)的水平变化及临床意义.方法 选取盘锦市中心医院2019年1月至2021年1月收治的133例颅脑损伤患者为颅脑损伤组,根据拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)分为轻型组(n=59)、中型组(n=50)、重型组(n=24),另选取同期84例体检健康者为对照组,采用qRT-PCR检测血清miR-122-5p、采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清Trx1水平.比较各组血清miR-122-5p、Trx1水平,Spearman相关性分析颅脑损伤患者血清miR-122-5p、Trx1水平与拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分的相关性,多因素Logistics回归分析颅脑损伤患者不良预后影响因素,ROC曲线分析血清miR-122-5p、Trx1水平对颅脑损伤患者不良预后的预测价值.结果 颅脑损伤组血清miR-122-5p水平明显低于对照组,Trx1水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).轻型组、中型组、重型组随着昏迷程度加重,血清miR-122-5p水平逐渐降低,Trx1水平逐渐提升(P＜0.05).Spearman相关性分析显示,颅脑损伤患者GCS评分与血清miR-122-5p呈正相关,与Trx1水平呈负相关(P＜0.05).多因素Logistics回归分析显示,多发脑挫裂伤(OR=1.058,95％CI:0.897～2.128)、合并脑疝(OR=1.503,95％CI:0.237～2.554)、Trx1(OR=1.597,95％CI:1.063～2.399)为颅脑损伤患者预后不良独立危险因素,GCS评分(OR=0.496,95％CI:0.338～0.728)、miR-122-5p(OR=0.306,95％CI:0.211～0.507)为独立保护因素(P＜0.05).ROC曲线显示,miR-122-5p+Trx1(AUC=0.932,95％CI:0.875～0.968)预测颅脑损伤患者预后不良的AUC明显大于miR-122-5p(AUC=0.827,95％CI:0.752～0.887)、Trx1 (AUC=0.815,95％CI:0.739～0.877)预测.结论 颅脑损伤患者血清miR-122-5p水平明显降低,Trx1水平明显提升,与病情严重程度和预后相关,联合检测能提升预后不良预测价值.     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍的系统综述

目的 综合评价丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍(包括VaD、VCI-ND、VCI-AD)的有效性及安全性.方法 计算机检索万方数据库、MEDLINE、EMBAS、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库、PubMed、HairWire数据库,检索时间为该库最早时间至现在,收集丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍相关性的文献.应用RevMan 4.2.10软件对各个纳入研究的结果进行一致性检验和数据合并,并评估发表偏倚.结果 共纳入5个研究,合计494例患者.Meta分析结果显示:丁苯酞软胶囊治疗组疗效好于对照组[OR=2.34,95％CI(1.16,4.71)];治疗末MMSE量表评分Meta分析[OR=3.71,WMD95％ CI (2.07,5.35)];治疗末ADL量表评分Meta分析[OR=-1.45,WMD95％CI(-6.36,3.47)];治疗末CDR量表评分Meta分析OR=-0.57,WMD95％ CI(-1.41,0.27)].结论 丁苯酞软胶囊治疗血管性认知功能障碍有效,MMSE量表评分提高丁苯酞治疗组较对照组明显,但其ADL量表、CDR量表评分改善情况不肯定,安全性有待于进一步研究.     

社区轻度认知功能损害老年人认知减退影响因素的研究

目的 探讨社区轻度认知功能损害老年人认知减退影响因素.方法 采用巢式病例-对照研究方法,由600名患轻度认知功能损害的社区老年居民组成随访队列,按年龄、性别、文化程度1:1匹配后形成认知减退组和对照组后进行影响因素分析.结果 发生认知减退的危险因素有:从事体力劳动(OR=1.949,95％ CI:1.041～ 3.637)、吸烟(OR=2.062,95％ CI:1.029～4.445)、喜欢呆在家里(OR=2.254,95％ CI:1.029～4.937)、血清中较高血糖(OR=3.584,95％ CI:1.891～6.791)、胆固醇(OR=2.204,95％CI:1.137～4.275)、低雌激素水平(OR=1.946,95％CI:1.087～3.411),高血压(OR=3.951,95％ CI:1.822 ～4.637),糖尿病(OR=3.016,95％CI:1.886～4.157),高血脂(OR=4.061,95％ CI:1.724 ～9.568),脑血栓(OR=2.347,95％CI:1.329～4.533),脑出血(OR =2.668,95％CI:1.579 ～4.802),较高收缩压(OR=2.208,95％CI:1.343～ 3.629),载脂蛋白E( ApoEε4)型等位基因(OR =2.717,95％CI:1.084 ～6.743)、ApoEε4型等位基因*胆固醇(OR=1.626,95％CI:1.011～2.618)；保护因素有:常读书看报(OR=0.203,95％CI:0.112～0.411)、常做家务( OR =0.249,95％ CI:0.135 ～0.528)、性格外向(OR =0.544,95％ CI:0.327～0.938).结论 从事体力劳动,吸烟,喜欢呆在家里,较高收缩压,血清中较高血糖,胆固醇,低雌激素水平,ApoEε4型等位基因,高血压,糖尿病,高血脂,脑血管病变是认知减退发生的危险因素；常读书看报,常做家务,性格外向是保护因素.     

可溶性CD40L、MMP-9与颈动脉粥样硬化及急性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)与颈动脉粥样硬化及急性脑梗死(ACI)的关系。方法选取首次发病的ACI患者90例和健康对照组30例,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平。应用颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内膜状况。比较不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化及不同面积脑梗死患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平变化,并对所有脑梗死患者进行神经功能缺损评分。结果 ACI患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平显著高于对照组(P0.01);大梗死组血清sCD40L、MMP-9水平高于中、小梗死组,中梗死组高于小梗死组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);随着颈动脉粥样硬化程度加重,脑梗死病情越重及脑梗死面积越大,血清sCD40L、MMP-9的水平也越高;血清sCD40L与MMP-9的水平呈正相关(r=0.887,P0.01)。结论 ACI患者血清sCD40L、MMP-9水平可以反映颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的性质和稳定性、脑梗死面积与病情的严重程度;CD40-CD40L系统可能通过上调MMP-9导致颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定。     

脑梗死患者血清可溶性CD40L、白介素-18水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨脑梗死患者的血清可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)、白介素-18(IL-18)水平的变化及意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定40例腔隙性脑梗死患者(腔梗组)、40例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和38名正常对照者(NC组)的血清sCD40L、IL-18水平,并对脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分.结果 与正常对照组比较,腔梗组及脑梗死组血清sCD40L及IL-18显著升高(均P＜0.01);且脑梗死组显著高于腔梗组(均P＜0.01).中、重度脑梗死患者的血清sCD40L及IL-18水平显著高于正常对照组及轻度脑梗死患者(P ＜0.05 ～0.01).与内膜正常患者比较,有稳定斑块及不稳定斑块患者的血清sCD40L及IL-18水平显著升高(均P＜0.01),内膜增厚患者IL-18水平显著升高(P＜0.05).与内膜增厚患者比较,有稳定斑块患者的血清sCD40L水平和有不稳定斑块患者的血清sCD40L及IL-18水平显著升高(均P＜0.01).有不稳定斑块患者的血清sCD40L及IL-18水平显著高于有稳定斑块的患者(均P＜0.01).脑梗死患者血清sCD40L水平与IL-18水平呈正相关(r=0.729,P＜0.01).结论 脑梗死患者血清sCD40L、IL-18水平显著升高,并能反映颈动脉粥样硬化程度及脑梗死病情.     

强化胰岛素治疗在重型颅脑创伤救治中作用的荟萃分析

目的 评价强化胰岛素治疗(IIT)与常规胰岛素治疗(CIT)在重型创伤性脑损伤(sTBI)救治中的作用.方法 系统性检索中、外文文献数据库中的临床随机对照试验(RCT),使用Review Manager软件进行荟萃分析.评价指标包括:早期(住院期间)病死率、远期(3个月后)病死率、感染率、远期神经功能损伤量表(NSS)评分、低血糖事件发生率等.结果 共有12篇文献、共计1 277名患者纳入本项分析.早期病死率的合并OR =0.78 (95％ CI:0.53 ～ 1.15,P=0.21);晚期病死率的合并OR =0.85 (95％ CI:0.63 ～ 1.15,P=0.30);感染率的合并0R=0.49 (95％ CI:0.37～0.64,P＜0.00001);远期良好NSS比例的合并OR=1.62 (95％ CI:1.18 ～2.21,P=0.003);低血糖事件发生率的合并OR =4.33 (95％ CI:1.39 ～ 13.49,P=O.01)和2.61(95％ CI:2.27 ～2.99,P＜0.00001).结论 在sTBI救治中,与CIT相比,IIT对降低病死率无明显作用,但可降低患者感染率、改善远期神经功能,同时低血糖事件却明显增多.故IIT不太适合继续应用于救治重型颅脑创伤,进一步的证据还有待深入研究.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆炎性细胞因子的关系

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆炎性细胞因子的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定64例ICVD患者血浆白介素(IL)-6、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-8及可溶性白细胞分化抗原配体-40(sCD40L)的水平;彩色超声检测双侧颈部动脉血管硬化程度,并与非ICVD患者(对照组)进行比较;分析血浆IL-6、MMP-8及sCD40L水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。结果与对照组相比,ICVD组血浆IL-6、MMP-8、sCD40L水平明显升高(均P<0.01);血浆IL-6、MMP-8、sCD40L水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度关系密切。结论血浆炎性细胞因子水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度以及颈动脉斑块进展有密切关系。     

难治性颞叶癫痫危险因素的配比病例对照研究

目的 分析颞叶癫癎成为难治性癫癎的危险因素,为临床需要提供客观的指征。方法 将163例药物难治性颞叶癫癎患者与同期的非难治性颞叶癫癎患者进行1:1配比病例对照研究,应用条件Logistic回归分析方法处理数据。结果 多因素条件Logistic回归分析表明颞叶癫癎成为难治性的有统计学显著性意义的重要危险因素是:神经系统疾患(OR=3.635,95％CI:1.805-7.320)、双颞癎性放电(OR=4.289,95％CI:2.192-8.389)、海马硬化(OR=4.558,95％CI:1.890-10.992)、起病年龄早(OR=0.353,95％CI:0.144-0.867)和2年内未及时治疗(OR=0.418,95％CI:0.208-0.837)。结论 具有神经系统疾患、双颞癎性放电、海马硬化、起病年龄早和2年内未及时治疗是难治性颞叶癫癎的重要危险因素。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Spatial attention and conscious perception: interactions and dissociations between and within endogenous and exogenous processes

A current controversy exists about the relationship between spatial attention and conscious perception. While some authors propose that these phenomena are intimately related (Bartolomeo, 2008, Chun and Marois, 2002, O’Regan and Noë, 2001, Posner, 1994), others report dissociations between them (Kentridge et al., 1999, Koch and Tsuchiya, 2007, Wyart and Tallon-Baudry, 2008). However, spatial attention is not a unitary mechanism, and it is possible that not all forms of attention dissociate from conscious perception. In the present study we used a paradigm in which endogenous and exogenous forms of attention are orthogonally manipulated in order to investigate their relation with conscious perception within the same design. By analyzing two different cue-related components, our results demonstrated that while endogenous attention was electrophysiologically dissociated from conscious perception, exogenous attention was not, consistent with the hypothesis that exogenous attention is an important antecedent of our conscious experience. Our results support previous claims of dissociations between some forms of spatial attention and conscious perception, but also highlight the importance of exogenous orienting on the selection of information for conscious access.     

Serious emotional and behavioral problems and mental health contacts in American and British children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of serious emotional and behavioral problems and mental health contacts for these problems among American and British children and adolescents. METHOD: Data on children and adolescents ages 5 to 16 years were drawn from the 2004 U.S. National Health Interview Survey (response rate = 79.4%) and the 2004 survey of Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain (response rate = 76.0%). Emotional problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and conduct problems were assessed using the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Psychometric properties of SDQ scales were compared across countries. RESULTS: The SDQ has similar psychometric properties across countries. More British than American children met the criteria for emotional and conduct problems, but not hyperactivity/inattention. Prevalence was higher for all problems in 5- to 8-year-old British boys and for emotional problems in 13- to 16-year-old British girls. American children with serious emotional and behavioral problems had a higher prevalence of mental health contacts overall and with mental health providers but not with general medical providers. CONCLUSIONS: British children have a higher prevalence of parent-reported serious emotional and behavioral problems than American children. However, British children with these problems are less likely than American children to receive mental health care.