复方利多卡因乳膏用于手术患者无痛静脉穿刺的观察

目的观察手术患者局部涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏静脉穿刺的镇痛效果。方法选择择期手术患者60例,随机分为2组,每组30例。对照组常规消毒后直接进行静脉穿刺;实验组采用复方利多卡因乳膏进行局部外涂,用透明贴膜覆盖15 min后进行静脉穿刺。应用VAS疼痛评分法进行疼痛评估。结果实验组穿刺疼痛程度明显低于对照组。结论复方利多卡因乳膏镇痛效果良好,可用于手术患者无痛静脉穿刺。     

芬太尼口腔贴膜的制备及质量评价

制备了以壳聚糖和羟丙纤维素为基质的芬太尼口腔贴膜,并评价了贴膜的粘附力、体外释药行为及对金黄地鼠离体颊粘膜的渗透性能.结果表明,以壳聚糖-羟丙纤维素4:1制得的贴膜口腔滞留时间约50min,释药性能及颊膜渗透能力较好,在室温、相对湿度75%环境放置3个月质量稳定.     

不同型号聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜质量的比较

目的　比较不同型号生物粘附剂———聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜质量的影响。方法　以中药复方溃宁为模型药,通过对给药系统的粘附力、体外释放速率等的测定进行评价。结果　3种膜剂的粘附力分别为CP934:6 6. 8±4 .5g/cm2 ;CP971 :5 5 . 9±4 .7g/cm2 ;CP974 :5 2 . 8±4 .4g/cm2 。体外释放速率(T50 )分别为CP934:2 4 0min ;CP971 :30 0min ;CP974 :1 0 0min。结论　不同型号的生物粘附剂聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜的质量有显著影响;膜的粘附性CP934最大,CP974最小;释放速率CP974型最快,CP971型最慢。     

葛根总黄酮生物粘附性缓释片体外组织粘附力及释放度研究

目的 :探讨葛根总黄酮缓释片的体外释放度及其释药动力学 ,测定、比较生物粘附性缓释片和普通片与家兔离体胃、小肠组织的粘附力。方法 :采用转篮法 ,以0 1mol/LHCl900ml为溶出介质 ,转速100r/min测定其累积释放度 ,并分别用单指数模型、威布尔分布函数、Higuchi方程、零级释放模型对释放度进行释药动力学模拟 ,根据各模型拟合的AIC计算值与实测值的绝对误差和相对误差确定缓释片的最佳拟合模型 ,同时以自制粘附力测定装置测定、比较生物粘附性缓释片及普通片与家兔离体胃、肠组织的粘附力。结果 :缓释片以单指数模型拟合最佳 ,生物粘附性缓释片与家兔离体胃、肠组织的粘附力明显大于普通片 (P<0 01) ,且与小肠的粘附力大于胃 (P<0 05)。结论 :缓释片在体外释药动力学符合单指数模型 ;生物粘附性缓释片在胃、肠道具有较强的粘附作用。     

不同型号聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜质量的比较

目的　比较不同型号生物粘附剂——聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜质量的影响。方法　以中药复方溃宁为模型药,通过对给药系统的粘附力、体外释放速率等的测定进行评价。结果　3种膜剂的粘附力分别为CP934:66.8±4.5g/cm²;CP971:55.9±4.7g/cm²;CP974:52.8±4.4g/cm²。体外释放速率(T₅₀)分别为CP934:240min ;CP971:300min;CP974:100min。结论　不同型号的生物粘附剂聚羧乙烯对口腔粘附缓释膜的质量有显著影响;膜的粘附性CP934最大,CP974最小;释放速率CP974型最快,CP971型最慢。     

改善口腔用膜剂粘附性的研究

口腔用膜剂粘附力较差,用后易脱落或移动。本文介绍在膜外侧涂上一层疏水性薄膜以及粘附力实验的简易方法。经粘附力和体外释放度实验,证明处理前后的药膜差异显著(P<0.01)。该法可以降低膜外侧与正常组织的粘附力,增强定向粘附作用,并可延长药膜的局部作用时间,具有一定的实用意义。     

胃粘附片及粘附辅料的体外评价

用改良的粘附力测定法,测定了片剂中常用的添加剂对几种辅料粘附性的影响,并以阿莫西林为模型药物进行了体外粘附性及药物释放的研究。     

仿恩纳用于无痛颈内静脉穿刺置管术的可行性

目的探讨复方利多卡因乳膏（仿恩纳）用于颈内静脉穿刺置管术镇痛效果的可行性。方法选择乳腺癌住院化疗患者200例次,随机分为无痛组和对照组各100例次。无痛组：在颈内静脉穿刺前,先在颈内静脉穿刺点处的皮肤涂上仿恩纳40姗。大小,5min后再重复涂布一次,5min后,在2％利多卡因1—2ml局部浸润麻醉下行颈内静脉穿刺置管术;对照组：在2％利多卡因1—2ml局麻下行颈内静脉穿刺置管术。采用数字评定量表和面部表情疼痛量表及词语描述量表评分法评估患者的疼痛情况。结果无痛组颈内静脉穿刺时疼痛程度明显低于对照组。结论仿恩纳用于颈内静脉穿刺置管术,镇痛效果好、安全可行。     

影响双氯芬酸钾口腔粘附片的粘附性和体外释药的因素考察

目的：考察处方对双氯芬酸钾口腔粘附片（DP）体外释药和粘附性的影响。方法：以羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC）、卡波姆（Carbopol）、甘露醇为辅料制备DP。采用改进的转篮法测定DP的体外释放度，通过粘附时间和粘附力评价DP的粘附性。结果 ：当HPMC和Carbopol在处方中的比例为25％，Carbopol和HPMC的比例为1：4时，粘附时间为405min，粘附力为16、9g，体外释药曲线（0～180min）符合Higuchi方程（F=8．0331，r=0．9909）。结论：双氯芬酸钾口腔粘附片具有良好粘附性，能快速起效并持续释药3h。     

体外粘附力测定方法的研究

由于生物粘附剂可促进药物的吸收,提高药物的生物利用度,因此对粘附力的研究具有重要的意义,本文讨论了几种生物粘附性能的体外评价方法：测定最小剥离力、组织留存率法等。操作简单,重现性好,且精密度高,适宜于测定制剂与粘附的粘附性。     

Controlled indomethacin release from mucoadhesive film: in vitro and clinical evaluations

To develop a film formulation allowing controlled release for long-term analgesia, we selected ethyl cellulose (EC) as a novel additive, prepared a film formulation using indomethacin (IM film), and evaluated it in vitro and clinically. In the in vitro experiments, the effects of the EC concentration on the release rate of IM and on the adhesion force to the mucous membrane were investigated. The addition of 10% EC resulted in more sustained slow release compared with no EC, and the adhesion of the film with 10% EC added was similar to that of films containing carboxyvinyl polymer, which we reported previously showed significantly increased adhesion. A two-layered film consisting of an adhesive layer with 2% or 1% IM and 10% EC and a nonadhesive layer with 2% polyethylene glycol as a softening agent, was investigated for clinical use. Film consisting of an adhesive layer with 2% IM and 10% EC exhibited rapid onset of potent analgesia and was expected to prolong the duration of analgesia. These results suggest that IM film with EC added may be useful clinically, since it shows both immediate analgesic effects and prolonged duration of release.     

探讨川乌凝胶贴膏的初粘力与剥离度最优范围及筛选在体动物适宜载药量

目的:对川乌凝胶贴膏初粘力、剥离度最优范围及适宜载药量进行分析。方法:随机选购市售8种不同生产厂家、不同品质等级的凝胶贴膏,从感观、初粘力、持粘力、剥离度4个方面进行质量再评价;以单因素实验与混料设计实验对川乌凝胶贴膏的基质处方配比进行筛选,分别制备川乌提取物载药量120、240、480、960 mg的凝胶贴膏;以48只昆明清洁级小鼠为研究对象,随机分为6组,每组各8只,分别给予空白凝胶贴膏(模型组)、吲哚美辛凝胶贴膏(阳性组)以及120(实验A组)、240(实验B组)、480(实验C组)、960 mg(实验D组)的川乌凝胶贴膏给药,通过小鼠醋酸扭体实验评价最优川乌载药量。结果:8个品牌的凝胶贴膏质量再评价的差异较大,整体来看,初粘力、持粘力与剥离度越大,凝胶贴膏的揭贴性等感观评价越差;根据试验结果凝胶贴膏的最优配方为:聚丙烯酸钠3%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5%,硅藻土4%,甘油25%。通过小鼠醋酸扭体实验可见,每贴川乌凝胶贴膏载药量为480、960 mg时,小鼠扭体潜伏期越短,扭体次数越小,镇痛率越高,综合考虑到安全性等因素,认为载药量为480 mg的川乌凝胶贴膏更加适宜应用于临床。结论:川乌凝胶贴膏的制备在保证镇痛、抗炎效果的同时,还应该充分考虑到其外观、追随性、揭帖性、安全性等特征,将其初粘力、剥离度、载药量控制在适宜范围内,以促进其在临床的高效、合理应用。     

Formulation and physicochemical characterisation of buccoadhesive films containing ketorolac

Ketorolac tromethamine, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was formulated onto buccoadhesive films to overcome the limitations in the currently available dosage and routes of administration which in sequence will increase patients’ compliance. Films were cast from organic and aqueous solvents using various bioadhesive polymers namely: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934. The prepared films were subjected to investigations for their physical and mechanical properties, swelling behaviors, in vitro bioadhesion, drug permeation via bovine buccal mucosa and in vitro drug release. These properties were found to vary significantly depending on the preparation methods, the type of the polymers and the ratio of addition of both plasticizer (i.e. polyethylene glycol) and film forming agent (ethyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrolidene). Formula number K10 containing carbopol 0.5% and HPMC 0.5% was found to be the best film as it shows good adhesion, acceptable pH, and gives a reasonable ketrolac release (about 85-90% at 6 h). In addition, this film was subjected to in vitro and in vivo release. The obtained results indicate that the concentration of ketorolac in the oral cavity was maintained above 4.0 μg/mL for a period of at least 6 h. This film shows promising results for using the ketrolac buccoadhesive route of administration topically and systemically, and thus it will be subjected to clinical evaluation in future work.     

Design of salbutamol EOP tablets from pharmacokinetics parameters

Salbutamol elementary osmotic pump (EOP) tablets were developed, and fundamental variables affecting their release characteristics were evaluated. The effects of film thickness and compression force on drug release from the tablets containing fixed amount of sodium chloride used as osmogent were evaluated. The core tablets were directly compressed at four compression forces and coated with 3% wt/vol cellulose acetate in acetone to levels of 2%, 3%, and 4% wt/wt. Coated tablets were drilled with CO2 laser beam to form drug delivery orifice of approximately 400 microm in diameter. The drug release was found to follow zero order fashion. The release rate decreased with the increased film thickness and was not affected by the compression force or porosity. The tablets coated to 3% and 4% levels exhibited the release rates within the range calculated from pharmacokinetic data. To illustrate the effect of osmogent content, the tablets were prepared at four osmogent levels and compressed at a constant compression force. The core tablets were coated to a level of 3% wt/wt. The release rate was initially increased with osmogent content and then decreased. At higher osmogent contents, the drug fraction in soluble component was decreased and resulted in the reduction of drug release. In conclusion, film thickness and osmogents played important roles in drug release from EOP tablets.     

Development and in vitro evaluation of an enteric-coated multiparticulate drug delivery system for the administration of piroxicam to dogs.

The aim of the study was to develop enteric-coated pellets for the administration of piroxicam (a poorly water-soluble drug) to small animals in order to avoid local gastrointestinal irritation, one of the major side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after oral ingestion. Pellets were made by an extrusion-spheronization process. The influence of several excipients on the in vitro drug release was evaluated. Piroxicam release from the uncoated pellets was measured in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using the paddle dissolution method (USP XXIII). The enteric-coated pellets were tested in 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. The addition of sodium croscarmellose (Ac-Di-Sol) did not influence the piroxicam release from microcrystalline cellulose pellets. Sodium carboxymethyl starch (Explotab) increased the release from 30 to 65% at 45 min. The incorporation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on its own or as a co-processed blend with microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel RC 581 and CL 611) enhanced the release of piroxicam at 45 min from 30% (pure Avicel PH 101) to 95% (combination of Avicel PH 101 and CL 611 in a ratio of 1:3). Additional use of cyclodextrins had only a minor influence on the dissolution rate. An Eudragit L 30 D-55 and FS 30 D (6/4) film was applied to the core pellets (containing 2.5% (w/w) piroxicam and a combination of Avicel PH 101 and CL 611 in a ratio of 1:3) in order to obtain gastroresistant properties. The coated pellets retained their dissolution characteristics after compression into fast disintegrating tablets because waxy cushioning beads were added to minimize film damage.     

Development of bioadhesive buccal tablets for felodipine and pioglitazone in combined dosage form: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization

The purpose of the present research was to develop bioadhesive buccal tablets for Felodipine (FDP) and Pioglitazone (PIO), low bioavailability drugs, in a combined dosage form for the management of diabetes and hypertension. Buccal tablets were prepared by direct compression method using bioadhesive polymers hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and carbopol, alone or in combination of two polymers, and were evaluated for physicochemical properties, swelling index, in vitro bioadhesion, in vivo residence time, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation through porcine buccal membrane. Formulation (PF6) showed peak detachment force (3.12 N), work of adhesion (0.72 mJ), swelling index (196%), erosion (10.8%), in vivo residence time of 280 min, in vitro drug release (99.65% and 98.96% in 6 h for FDP and PIO, respectively) with higuchi model release profile and permeated 66.1 and 64.6 % with a flux of 0.118 and 0.331 mg/h/cm(2) of FDP and PIO through porcine buccal membrane. The bioavailability study for optimized formulation (PF6) in pigs showed 2.05- and 2.13-times statistically significant (p?相似文献   

西罗莫司单层高分子渗透泵控释片的制备及其体外释放特性研究

目的:制备西罗莫司单层高分子渗透泵控释片并考察其体外释放特性。方法:通过对片芯组成中的释药载体聚氧乙烯(PEO)的分子量、用量,促渗剂种类及氯化钠(NaCl)用量,包衣液中的聚乙二醇400(PEG400)用量,衣膜增重等设计单因素试验进行初步筛选,在此基础上以NaCl用量、衣膜增重、PEG400用量为因素,以释药方程的相关系数r为评价指标设计正交试验,考察并优化制剂处方及工艺,同时对其体外释放特性进行评价。结果:以PEO(Mw20000)30mg、NaCl70mg为片芯辅料,PEG4000.14g为包衣材料,衣膜增重12mg时制得的片剂最优,其零级释放特征显著,r=0.9954。结论:该制剂制备工艺简单,在体外可近恒速缓慢释放药物。     

Film coated tablets (ColoPulse technology) for targeted delivery in the lower intestinal tract: influence of the core composition on release characteristics

The design of a film coating technology which allows a tablet to deliver the drug in the ileocolonic segment would offer new treatment possibilities. The objective is to develop a platform technology that is suitable for a broad range of drug compounds. We developed a coated tablet with a delayed, pulsatile release profile based on a pH-sensitive coating technology (ColoPulse). The production process was validated, and the effect of core composition on the in vitro release and water uptake investigated. The release profile of the standard tablet core composition, based on the use of cellulose as a filler, was independent of the coat thickness in a range of 9.0-13.2?mg/cm(2). The release profile of a coated tablet was strongly influenced when cellulose was partly replaced by the model substance glucose (loss of sigmoidal release), citric acid (stabilization), sodium bicarbonate (destabilization) or sodium benzoate (destabilization). The film coating takes up water when below the pH-threshold. However, this did not cause early disintegration of the coating. The ColoPulse technology is successfully applied on tablets. The in vitro release characteristics of the coated tablets are influenced by the composition of the core.     

粉雾剂胶囊的穿刺特性与体外分散表现评价

本试验探究了粉雾剂(dry powder inhaler,DPI)装置中明胶和羟丙甲纤维素(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,HPMC)2种材质胶囊在不同轴直径刺针及穿刺速度条件下的力学性能表现,及对药物体外分散沉积效果的影响。穿刺性能测试使用的是装有单根DPI刺针的质构仪,研究了不同轴直径(0.58、1.17和1.46 mm)刺针和穿刺速度(0.05和5 mm/s)对2种胶囊刺破力和穿刺效果的影响。此外,还在60 L/min的流速下,使用快速筛选撞击器进行了体外分散试验,研究胶囊材质和刺针尺寸对DPI体外分散行为的影响。结果显示,HPMC胶囊与明胶胶囊相比,所需的刺破力更小,不易产生胶囊壳碎片;穿刺速度对胶囊上穿刺形成的孔洞面积影响较小。分散试验结果表明,与明胶胶囊相比,马来酸氯苯那敏在HPMC胶囊内残余量更少,微细粒子剂量(fine particle dose,FPD)相对较大。本研究的3种刺针中,0.58 mm直径的刺针穿刺胶囊产生的孔洞最小,药物在预分离器中沉积量最少,所得的FPD值最大,说明适当减小刺孔的尺寸有可能更有利于药物分散,但明胶胶囊有可能产生胶囊壳碎片。以上研究结果将为胶囊型DPI产品开发中胶囊材质的选择和刺针尺寸的确定提供技术参考。     

Film coated tablets (ColoPulse technology) for targeted delivery in the lower intestinal tract: Influence of the core composition on release characteristics

The design of a film coating technology which allows a tablet to deliver the drug in the ileocolonic segment would offer new treatment possibilities. The objective is to develop a platform technology that is suitable for a broad range of drug compounds. We developed a coated tablet with a delayed, pulsatile release profile based on a pH-sensitive coating technology (ColoPulse). The production process was validated, and the effect of core composition on the in vitro release and water uptake investigated. The release profile of the standard tablet core composition, based on the use of cellulose as a filler, was independent of the coat thickness in a range of 9.0–13.2?mg/cm². The release profile of a coated tablet was strongly influenced when cellulose was partly replaced by the model substance glucose (loss of sigmoidal release), citric acid (stabilization), sodium bicarbonate (destabilization) or sodium benzoate (destabilization). The film coating takes up water when below the pH-threshold. However, this did not cause early disintegration of the coating. The ColoPulse technology is successfully applied on tablets. The in vitro release characteristics of the coated tablets are influenced by the composition of the core.