醋柳黄酮自微乳化给药系统的体内外评价

本文的目的在于对醋柳黄酮自微乳化给药系统进行评价,该给药系统用于提高难溶性药物醋柳黄酮的口服生物利用度。评价指标包括自微乳化时间、粒径及多分散指数、形态学特征、体外分散性、稳定性、在体小肠吸收及生物利用度。结果表明,该自微乳化给药系统在3 min内即形成微乳,平均粒径低于40 nm,多分散指数低于0.2,电镜下观察粒子形态为球形;20 min时体外累积释放百分率(以槲皮素计)接近90%,显著高于普通胶囊剂;加速试验条件下放置6个月,自微乳化给药系统的所有指标均未发生明显改变;该自微乳化给药系统的在体小肠吸收速率常数(以槲皮素计)显著高于醋柳黄酮乙醇溶液(P<0.05);以醋柳黄酮的混悬液为参比制剂,自微乳化给药系统的大鼠灌胃给药相对生物利用度(以槲皮素计)为518%。     

银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统的制备

研究制备银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统。采用平衡溶解度方法筛选乳化剂与助乳化剂; 采用伪三元相图法制备微乳; 采用正交法优化处方组成; 并考察自微乳化制剂的乳化效率、溶出度、稳定性与药动学研究等。结果表明, 由肉豆蔻酸异丙酯IPM、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油Cremophor EL、丙二醇与银杏酮酯组成的自微乳化给药系统遇水可自发形成粒径为20～50 nm的稳定微乳。自微乳化给药系统的乳化效率与溶出快, 且制剂稳定性高, 能提高生物利用度。制备的银杏酮酯口服自微乳化给药系统稳定有效。     

索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统的制备及药物动力学研究(英文)

索拉非尼(Sorafenib)是一种新型抗肿瘤药物,但其在水中难溶,生物利用度低。为了增加索拉非尼的生物利用度,本研究制备了索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统,并以大鼠为实验动物测定了该给药系统的口服相对生物利用度。该给药系统以油酸乙酯(20%,w/w)为油相,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(48%,w/w)为主要乳化剂,聚乙二醇400(16%,w/w)和乙醇(16%,w/w)为助乳化剂,索拉非尼的终浓度为20 mg/mL。该制剂自微乳化后粒径为20-25 nm。与索拉非尼混悬液相比,自微乳化给药系统可以显著增加索拉非尼的AUC,C_(max)和MRT,降低清除率,T_(max)没有明显变化。尤其是与口服混悬液相比,其相对生物利用度提高近25倍,说明索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统有望开发成为增加其口服吸收的药物制剂。     

尼莫地平自微乳化给药系统的体内外评价

目的:研究尼莫地平(nimodipine,NMP)自微乳化释药系统的自微乳化能力及在家犬体内的药动学.方法:评价系统自微乳化速度,激光散射仪测定乳化后形成乳剂粒径的大小及分布情况,采用HPLC法测定家犬的血浆NMP浓度,与市售片剂比较,考察NMP自微乳化制剂体外释放行为及体内药动学.结果:体系在1min内已基本乳化完全,乳化后乳剂粒子粒径大多数在70nm左右.与市售片剂相比,以水为释放介质,NMP自微乳化制剂60min可以释放可达95%,而市售片剂释放约为60%.家犬体内药动学研究结果表明:与市售片剂相比,自微乳化制剂的Cmax显著增加;AUC0-∞提高了近200%.结论:自微乳化制刑可以显著提高NMP的体外释放及体内吸收.     

难溶性西药制剂中自微乳化释药的应用研究

自微乳化释药系统是由油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和药物组成的澄清、均一的液体或者固体制剂,是一种脂质给药系统。目前,很多药物在生物体内溶解度比较小,因此,如何增加药物的溶解度,提高生物利用度是西药制剂中的一大难题。本文对自微乳化释药系统的作用机制、处方研究以及在难溶性西药制剂中的应用作一综述。     

自微乳化给药系统增加索拉非尼的口服吸收生物利用度

目的:为了增加难溶性药物索拉非尼(Sorafenib)的口服吸收,本研究制备索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统并测定其口服相对生物利用度。方法:以油酸乙酯(20%,w/w)为油相,聚山梨酯-80(48%,w/w)为主要乳化剂,聚乙二醇400(16%,w/w)和乙醇(16%,w/w)为助乳化剂制备索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统,以大鼠为实验动物测定其口服相对生物利用度。结果:自微乳化给药系统中索拉非尼的终浓度为20 mg.mL-1。该制剂乳化后粒径为20～25 nm,并可在去离子水,生理盐水及5%葡萄糖溶液中稳定存在8 h。与索拉非尼混悬液相比,自微乳化给药系统可以显著增加索拉非尼的血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0～72 h),峰浓度(Cmax)和平均滞留时间(MRT),降低清除率(CL)。尤其是与口服混悬液相比,其相对生物利用度提高约25倍。结论:索拉非尼自微乳化给药系统可以显著提高索拉非尼的口服吸收相对生物利用度,有望开发成为增加其口服吸收的药物制剂。     

口服固体自微乳化给药系统的研究进展

目的对新近发展的固体自微乳化给药系统（S-SMEDDS）文献进行综述。方法查阅近年国内外相关文献并进行归纳和总结。结果对固体自微乳的载体、固化技术以及缓控释制剂进行了探讨,为研究水难溶性药物的生物利用度及适合药物释放特性的S-SMEDDS技术提供相关参考。结论固体自微乳化系统可以显著提高难溶性药物的口服生物利用度,且兼顾了液态自微乳和固体制剂二者的优势,是一个极具潜力的新型制剂。     

固体自（微）乳化释药系统的研究进展

目的：了解固体自（微）乳化释药系统的最新进展。方法：查阅国内外文献,对固体自（微）乳化释药系统的组成、固化技术及近年来固体自（微）乳化制剂的应用新进展进行概述。结果与结论：固体自（微）乳化释药系统能够显著促进难溶性药物的溶解和吸收,提高药物的生物利用度,是一种较理想的药物载体。但是对固体自（微）乳化制剂的研究还不够透彻,尚存在不少亟待解决的问题,如新型固体载体研究、固体载体筛选方法以及其对药物体内外性质的影响、体内外相关性的研究、制剂的产业化等。     

阿昔洛韦自乳化释药系统的处方研究

目的:研究阿昔洛韦自乳化释药系统的处方。方法:通过阿昔洛韦在介质中的溶解度试验,处方配伍,三元图绘制和粒径考察,以介质溶解度,溶液澄清度,是否有淡蓝色乳光,自微乳化时间和粒径大小为指标,筛选油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂之间的最佳配伍和比例。结果:阿昔洛韦自乳化释药系统的最佳处方为肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(CremophorEL)和甘油,配伍比为0.25:0.375:0.375,该系统自乳化能力强,性质稳定。结论:初步成功地制备了阿昔洛韦自乳化释药系统制剂,有效改善了阿昔洛韦的溶解度。     

长春西汀自微乳化释药系统的体外释药特性研究

目的:研究长春西汀自微乳化释药系统(VIN-SMEDDS)的体外释药特性。方法:进行了体外释放度实验,考察释放度实验方法学、释放介质、转速和制剂因素对药物释放特性的影响。结果:释放度实验方法学、释放介质、转速和制剂处方因素都会对药物释放测定结果造成影响。采用反相透析技术能较好地模拟口服后的体内生理情况,在人工肠液中,转速50r·min~(-1)下,VIN-SMEDDS 累积释放百分率3h 达到68.45%。SMEDDS 制剂的电性对释放基本无影响,VIN-SMEDDS 的体外释放比长春西汀自乳化释药系统(VIN-SEDDS)好。结论:长春西汀自乳化释药系统显著提高了药物的释放速度和程度。体外反相透析释放实验的透膜限速过程属于被动扩散过程。     

Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of oridonin

The objective of this study was to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug, oridonin. The influence of the oil, surfactant and co-surfactant types on the drug solubility and their ratios on forming efficient and stable SMEDDS were investigated in detail. The SMEDDS were characterized by morphological observation, droplet size and zeta-potential determination, cloud point measurement and in vitro release study. The optimum formulation consisted of 30% mixture of Maisine 35-1 and Labrafac CC (1:1), 46.7% Cremopher EL, and 23.3% Transcutol P. Invitro release test showed a complete release of oridonin from SMEDDS in an approximately 12h. The absorption of oridonin from SMEDDS showed a 2.2-fold increase in relative bioavailability compared with that of the suspension. Our studies demonstrated the promising use of SMEDDS for the delivery of oridonin by the oral route.     

Development and evaluation of self-microemulsifying liquid and granule formulations of Brucea javanica oil

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of Brucea javanica oil (BJO) and transform the liquid formulation into solid granules. Solubility studies of BJO and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to identify the most efficient self-emulsification region. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to identify cell apoptosis. Antitumor activity studies were also employed to evaluate the BJO SMEDDS. The optimized BJO SMEDDS in liquid and granule formulations rapidly formed fine oil-in-water microemulsions with particle sizes <50 nm. Additionally, the MTT assay demonstrated that BJO SMEDDS had a significant effect on cancer cells, and antitumor activity studies showed remarkable inhibition of S180 tumors. The BJO SMEDDS, optimized to have good characteristics, was successfully transformed into solid granules by adsorbing onto crospovidone. The studies of the release of the BJO SMEDDS of liquid and granules in vitro suggested that the release of BJO was enhanced by the SMEDDS. These studies revealed that the new self-microemulsifying systems of liquid and granule forms might be promising strategies for the oral delivery of the poorly water-soluble drug BJO.     

Dual approach utilizing self microemulsifying technique and novel P-gp inhibitor for effective delivery of taxanes

In the present work, concomitant use of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and a novel third-generation P-gp inhibitor, GF120918 (elacridar), for the effective transport of taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) across an in?vitro model of the intestinal epithelium and uptake into tumor cells were investigated. On the basis of solubility studies and ternary phase diagrams, different SMEDDS formulations of taxanes were prepared and characterized. In caco-2 cell permeation study, paclitaxel-loaded SMEDDS along with GF120918 showed a four-fold increase in apparent permeability, while docetaxel-loaded SMEDDS in combination with GF120918 showed a nine-fold increase in permeability, as compared to plain drug solution. Cell uptake studies on A549 cells were performed with microemulsions formed from both SMEDDS formulations loaded with rhodamine 123 dye and showed good uptake than plain dye solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images further confirmed the higher uptake of both SMEDDS formulations in the presence of GF120918.     

阿托伐他汀自微乳释药系统的制备和评价

目的制备阿托伐他汀自微乳，为自微乳释药系统的处方设计和体内外评价提供参考。方法采用伪三元相图法研究不同乳化剂、助乳化剂和油相形成微乳的能力和区域，绘制不同处方组成的相图，在此基础上制备阿托伐他汀自微乳，比较温度、介质、稀释等因素对自微乳效率的影响，进行自微乳时间、所成微乳的形态、粒径分布、zeta电位、含量和稳定性等体外评价Beagle犬体内药代动力学研究。结果理想的处方经分散后可得到平均粒径在100 nm以下、呈高斯分布的微乳，稳定性好，自微乳效率高，在Beagle犬体内的吸收明显高于市售片剂。结论本文首次研制阿托伐他汀自微乳，稳定性好，在Beagle犬体内的生物利用度高。     

Preparation and evaluation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing atorvastatin

Atorvastatin is insoluble in aqueous solution and the bioavailability after oral administration is low. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing atorvastatin have been successfully prepared to improve its bioavailability. SMEDDS is a mixture of lipid, surfactant, and cosurfactant, which are emulsified in aqueous medium under gentle digestive motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams composed of various excipients were plotted. Droplet size, zeta-potential and long-term physical stability of the formulations were investigated. The release of atorvastatin from SMEDDS capsules was studied using the dialysis bag method in 0.1 M HCl and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), compared with the release of atorvastatin from a conventional tablet. A pharmacokinetic study was performed in 6 beagle dogs after oral administration of 6 mg kg-1 atorvastatin. The bioavailability of atorvastatin SMEDDS capsules was significantly increased compared with that of the conventional tablet. SMEDDS capsules consisting of Labrafil, propylene glycol and Cremophor RH40 provided the greatest bioavailability. Our studies indicate that the use of SMEDDS for the delivery of atorvastatin can improve its bioavailability.     

替尼泊苷自微乳的处方筛选及体外评价

目的筛选替尼泊苷自微乳的最优处方,并对其进行体外评价。方法通过溶解度实验、伪三元相图的绘制、粒径考察筛选出最优处方;以替尼泊苷混悬液为对比,测定替尼泊苷自微乳在不同溶出介质中的溶出度;考察替尼泊苷自微乳的稳定性。结果实验筛选得到的最优处方为油酸乙酯∶Cremopher ELP∶异丙醇=20∶60∶20,载药量1.5%。在不同溶出介质中,替尼泊苷释药2h后的累积释药量均可达90%以上,且3h后的累积释药量接近100%。稳定性实验结果表明替尼泊苷自微乳在40℃、25℃和冷热循环条件下是稳定的。结论实验制得替尼泊苷自微乳具有较好的溶解度,在不同溶出介质中有较高溶出度,稳定性良好。     

Sponges carrying self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs. One barrier to their wide application is their liquid nature. We report on a new method to solidify SMEDDS—their incorporation in sponges made from a hydrophilic natural polymer. Using different freeze-drying schemes, sponges were prepared from alginate gels containing microemulsions. The sponges’ structures were studied with scanning electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. The oil droplets survived the drying process, and SMEDDS were present as 9 nm-sized objects in the dried sponges. The sponges were rehydrated in water, and evidence of the presence of SMEDDS in the rehydrated sponges was found. A model hydrophobic molecule, Nile red, was soluble in all dry and rehydrated sponges. SMEDDS containing Nile red were gradually released from the sponges, at a rate that depended on the drying method. The equilibrium water uptake of the sponges was also found to be influenced by the drying scheme. The combination of SMEDDS and sponges may be a way to overcome the disadvantages of each component separately, provide a solid dosage form for SMEDDS that can sustain the release of drugs and also enable utilization of hydrophilic sponges for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs.     

Comparison of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (solid SMEDDS) prepared with hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid carrier

In order to compare the effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid carrier on the formation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), two solid SMEDDS formulations were prepared by spray-drying the solutions containing liquid SMEDDS and solid carriers. Colloidal silica and dextran were used as a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic carrier, respectively. The liquid SMEDDS, composed of Labrafil M 1944 CS/Labrasol/Trasncutol HP (12.5/80/7.5%) with 2% w/v flurbiprofen, gave a z-average diameter of about 100 nm. Colloidal silica produced an excellent conventional solid SMEDDS in which the liquid SMEDDS was absorbed onto its surfaces. It gave a microemulsion droplet size similar to that of the liquid SMEDDS (about 100 nm) which was smaller than the other solid SMEDDS formulation. In the solid SMEDDS prepared with dextran, liquid SMEDDS was not absorbed onto the surfaces of carrier but formed a kind of nano-sized microcapsule with carrier. However, the drug was in an amorphous state in two solid SMEDDS formulations. Similarly, they greatly improved the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of flurbiprofen in rats due to the fast spontaneous emulsion formation and the decreased droplet size. Thus, except appearance, hydrophilic carrier (dextran) and hydrophobic carrier (colloidal silica) hardly affected the formation of solid SMEDDS such as crystalline properties, dissolution and oral bioavailability.     

葛根素自微乳制剂的制备工艺研究

目的:研究制备葛根素自微乳制剂。方法:根据葛根素的饱和溶解度选取油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂,通过伪三元相图,以自乳化效率及成乳后粒径为指标,确定最佳处方。结果:最佳处方为油酸乙酯∶吐温80/蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚40(1∶2)∶聚乙二醇400∶葛根素∶三七总皂苷=15∶35∶35∶6∶9;微乳的平均粒径为32.9nm。结论:加入三七总皂苷的葛根素自微乳粒径小,稳定性好,这为自微乳制剂的增效减毒提供了新的思路和途径。     

Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems for oral bioavailability enhancement of alpha-Asarone in beagle dogs

A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for enhancement of oral absorption of a poor water-soluble drug, alpha-Asarone (ARE), is reported. Solubility of ARE was determined in various vehicles. SMEDDS consisted of a mixture of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants that were emulsified in an aqueous medium under the gentle agitation and digestive motility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to identify the efficient self-emulsification regions. The particle size distribution of the resulting microemulsions was determined using a laser scatter particle size analyzer (LSPSA). The optimized SMEDDS formulations containing Ethyl oleate (20%), Tween 80 (60%), and PEG 400 (20%) were tested for in vitro dissolution. The percentage of ARE released from the SMEDDS was significantly higher than that from the conventional tablets. Oral bioavailability of ARE in the SMEDDS via the hard capsules and the conventional tablets was evaluated in fasted beagle dogs. The bioavailability of ARE formulated in SMEDDS showed approximately 4.8-fold higher bioavailability than that in the conventional tablets. The results indicated that SMEDDS is potentially a good drug delivery system for oral delivery of the hydrophobic compound ARE.