海兰地嗪对血小板聚集的影响及机理探讨

海兰地嗪(Her)体外对胶原,ADP,A23187和AA诱导的大鼠血小板聚集有明显抑制作用,其IC_(50)分别为14.5,41.6,44.1和48.3μg/ml。Her对AA诱导的大鼠血小板MDA生成不能抑制,但能升高兔血小板cAMP水平和抑制凝血酶诱导的人血小板胞浆内游离钙离子浓度升高。Her的抗血小板聚集作用机理可能与升高血小板内cAMP水平和抑制细胞内游离钙离子浓度升高有关。     

硫代脯氨酸对血栓形成和血小板功能的影响

采用Chandler法测定体外血栓形成,硫代脯氨酸体外浓度为1g/L或iv 25mg/kg可使兔或大鼠Chandler环中形成的血栓长度缩短、血栓湿重和干重减轻;采用旋转法测定血小板粘附性,硫代脯氨酸浓度为1g/L时使兔血小板粘附性降低;采用比浊法测定血小板聚集性,硫代脯氨酸体外浓度为1g/L PRP或iv50mg/kg均明显抑制ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集。     

咪苯嗪酮对花生四烯酸环氧酶途径代谢产物的选择性影响

兔iv咪苯嗪酮(CI—914)20 mg/kg,用RIA法测定其血浆中TXB_2和6—kcto—PGF_(1α)含量,给药后30 min和60 min.6—keto—PGF_(1α)/TXB_2比值显著升高(p<0.05).在用放射性TLC法进行的洗涤大鼠血小板~(14)C—AA代谢实验中,CI—914在2～500 μmol/L范围内以剂量依赖方式抑制大鼠血小板TXB_2生成,IC_(50)为51.5μmol/L,对HHT生成的抑制明显弱于对TXB_2生成的抑制作用;在相同剂量范围内,CI—914同时以剂量依赖方式使PGE_2,PGF_(2α)和PGD_2生成增加.在相同实验条件下,50μmol/L的已知的TXA_2合成酶抑制剂DAZ,与大剂量CI—914的实验结果类似.上述结果提示,CI—914对血小板TXA_2合成酶可能具有选择性抑制作用.     

三乙酰莽草酸对血小板聚集的抑制作用

目的：研究三乙酰莽草酸（TSA）对血小板聚集功能的抑制作用及其作用机理。方法：用比浊法测定血小板聚集功能,分光光度法测定MDA的含量,放免法测定TXB₂,6-酮-PGF_1α,cAMP和cGMP的含量。结果：TSA 12.5,25,50,100和200 mg.kg^-1 ig明显抑制ADP和胶原诱导的大鼠血小板聚集;TSA 12.5,50和200　mg.kg^-1 ig显著增加大鼠血小板内cAMP水平,但不影响cGMP水平。TSA 200 mg.kg^-1对AA诱导的血小板中MDA的生成,ADP诱导的血小板中TXB2和腹主动脉壁6-酮-PGF_1α的生成有轻度抑制作用。结论：TSA抑制血小板聚集作用部分与血小板内cAMP水平升高有关。     

异钩藤碱对血小板聚集与血栓形成的抑制作用

目的研究异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline,Isorhy)对血小板聚集与血栓形成的影响,并探讨其机制。方法以比浊法测定Isorhy体外给药对大鼠血小板聚集的影响;采用动-静脉旁路血栓形成法制作大鼠血栓模型,观察Isorhy对血栓形成的作用;以放免法测定Isorhy对ADP作用下cAMP含量的影响。结果Isorhy0.65mmol.L-1和1.30mmol.L-1对ADP(1.5×10-5mol.L-1)和凝血酶(thrombin,Thr,3U.ml-1)诱导的大鼠血小板聚集均有抑制作用(P<0.01)。静脉注射Isorhy10mg.kg-1和5mg.kg-1可明显降低大鼠血栓形成湿重(P<0.01)。Isorhy0.33~1.30mmol.L-1可升高ADP作用后的血小板cAMP浓度(P<0.01)。结论Isorhy明显抑制血小板聚集与大鼠血栓形成,其抗ADP所致血小板聚集的作用机制至少部分地与升高cAMP水平有关。     

普罗托品对家兔血小板功能的影响

普罗托品(protopine,Pro)体外(1—1000μmol·L~(-1))和体内(10和20mg·kg~(-1))均抑制ADP,胶原,花生四烯酸(AA)和烙铁头蛇毒血小板聚集素(TMVA)诱导的兔血小板聚集及血小板5-HT释放。Pro不抑制AA诱导的免血小板TXA_2生成。也不升高血小板内cAMP水平,但升高cGMP水平。提示其抗血小板作用的机制与升高血小板内cGMP水平,抑制血小板释放活性物质有关。     

抗人血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅲa单克隆抗体抑制兔血栓形成的实验研究

目的　评价抗人血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅲa单克隆抗体SZ21抑制兔血栓形成的能力。方法不同浓度的SZ21（0、10及20μg／ml）分别加入兔富血小板血浆（PRP）中,进行二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导的兔血小板聚集试验;体内注射SZ21（1.5mg／kg）,注射前及注射后5、30及60分钟时制备兔PRP,分别进行聚集试验;用颈动静脉旁路血栓模型研究SZ21对兔血栓形成的作用,20只新西兰兔随机分成4组,体内注射SZ21,剂量为A组0.1mg／kg,B组0.4mg／kg,C组0.75mg／kg,D为对照组（SZ391mg／kg）,然后测定血栓重量。结果　体外20μg／ml的SZ21对兔血小板抑制率为80％;SZ21体内注射60分钟时完全抑制血小板聚集功能;血栓模型分组试验,各组平均栓重为A组31mg,B组21mg,C组20.2mg,D组31mg,B、C组与对照组间有明显统计学差异（P＜0.01）。结论　单克隆抗体SZ21能有效抑制兔动静脉旁路血栓形成。     

绞股蓝提取物对家兔血小板聚集和花生四烯酸代谢的影响

绞股蓝提取物(0.25～2g/L,终浓度)在体外明显抑制花生四烯酸诱导的家兔血小板聚集和血栓素B_2(TXB_2)释放,剂量与效应相关;该药抑制血小板释放TXB_2的ID_(50)为0.28g/L。体内实验静脉注射绞股蓝提取物35mg/kg后10和20min时,血小板聚集明显抑制,10～40min期间血小板释放TXB_2量明显减少,以10和20min时最著。该药(0.25～4g/L)在体外对家兔胸主动脉释放6-酮-PGF_(1α)无影响。实验结果表明,绞股蓝提取物对降低血栓素A_2/前列环素比值有较好作用。     

阿司匹林-烟酰胺-锌络合物对血小板聚集作用和实验性血栓形成的影响

目的:对阿司匹林烟酰胺锌络合物(WUY)的抗血小板聚集作用和抗实验性血栓形成作用进行研究。方法:用Born法测定WUY对抗腺苷二磷酸钠(ADP)、花生四烯酸(AA)和胶原诱导大鼠体外或体内血小板最大聚集,用小鼠静注AA引起的死亡率以及大鼠实验性血栓形成研究药物的抗血栓作用,并且用放免法测定家兔口服药物后血小板释放产物血栓烷B2(TXB2)和6酮前列腺素F1α(6ketoPGF1α)的含量。结果:WUY高、中、低3种剂量在体外都能显著对抗诱导剂(ADP、AA和胶原)引起的血小板聚集,其中高剂量组的抗血小板聚集作用比阿司匹林(ASP)强。在体内,WUY明显抑制AA诱导的血小板聚集作用,1h和3h作用最强。WUY对小鼠尾静脉注射AA后诱发的肺栓塞死亡有较强的预防作用,ED50比ASP低,对大鼠实验性血栓形成也有显著的抑制作用。WUY高剂量能显著抑制血浆中TXB2水平和提高血浆中6ketoPGF1α含量,而ASP则降低血浆中TXB2和6ketoPGF1α的水平。结论:WUY具有比ASP更强的抗血小板聚集作用和抗实验性血栓形成作用,并能提高血浆中6ketoPGF1α含     

L-精氨酸·L-门冬氨酸盐抑制血小板功能的可能途径

目的 L-精氨酸·L门冬氨酸盐具有抑制血小板聚集和血栓形成的作用,本文观察它在体外对GP Iib/IIIa单抗FITC-PAC-1与洗涤家兔血小板结合的影响和体内给药对大鼠血小板活性物质的影响,以探讨其作用机制.方法用流式细胞仪测定抗体与活化血小板的结合;用比色法测定血清NO浓度;用放免法测定cAMP, TXA2和PGI2水平.结果 L-精氨酸·L门冬氨酸盐30 mg·kg-1灌胃给药,可明显增加大鼠血浆NO浓度和大鼠主动脉段体外培养上清液中6-keto-PGF1α水平,但对血浆中TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α水平和血小板内cAMP的含量无明显影响,而乙酰水杨酸则明显降低血清TXB2和6-keto-PGF1α水平.L-精氨酸*L门冬氨酸盐100 μmol·L-1在体外可明显减少GP Iib/IIIa单抗FITC-PAC-1与血小板的结合.结论 L-精氨酸·L-门冬氨酸盐抑制血小板聚集和抗血栓形成的功效可能通过增加血管内皮细胞释放NO和PGI2,继而阻止血小板活化来介导,而与花生四烯酸及cAMP代谢途径无密切关系.     

Effects of CI-930, a novel phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism

In the platelet-rich plasma of rabbits, 4,5-dihydro-6-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (CI-930) inhibited platelet aggregation triggered by AA, U-46619, ADP, collagen and PAF, with the IC50 values of 0.91, 0.73, 2.12, 2.35 and 7.15 mumols/L, respectively. The inhibitory effect of CI-930 on AA-induced aggregation was potentiated by PGE1, an adenylate cyclase activator, and antagonized by SQ-22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. The contents of cAMP in washed rabbit platelets were increased by CI-930 5-50 mumols/L. In the concentration range of 0.5-500 mumols/L, CI-930 reduced the synthesis of TXB2 by either washed rat or rabbit platelets or rat pleural neutrophils. At the same time, CI-930 induced a dose-dependent increase of PGE2, PGF2a, and PGD2 biosynthesis by rat platelets and had no significant influence on the formation of 6-keto-PGF1a by the neutrophils. It is showed that CI-930 is an anti-platelet agent with a wide-spectrum activity and its anti-aggregating action may be exerted by dual mechanisms, both increasing cAMP contents and selectively inhibiting TXA2 synthesis in platelets.     

Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of 8-methyl-4-(1-piperazinyl)-7-(3-pyridinylmethoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (RC414)

The effect on human platelets of 8-methyl-4-(1-piperazinyl)-7-(3-pyridinylmethoxy)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (RC414) was tested in vitro by measuring aggregation induced by several agonists, cAMP and cGMP levels, cAMP phosphodiesterase and PKC activities and [Ca2+]i. The RC414 effect on nitric oxide production was also evaluated. RC414 in a dose-dependent manner inhibited aggregation both in platelet rich plasma and in washed platelets. It was particularly effective in platelets challenged by collagen, ADP and thrombin: IC50 values are 0.51 +/- 0.12 microM, 0.98 +/- 0.36 microM and 1.00 +/- 0.15 microM, respectively. RC414 increased cAMP levels, through the specific inhibition of the cAMP high affinity phosphodiesterase (IC50 = 1.73 +/- 0.35 microM). RC414 reduced [Ca2+]i transients and PKC activation induced by thrombin. In addition RC414 was able to increase nitric oxide formation involving the stimulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase enzyme. In conclusion, RC414 exerts its powerful anti-platelet activity by increasing cAMP intracellular levels and nitric oxide formation.     

In vitro antiplatelet profiles of the new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor sodium 2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxylate

The in vitro properties of CS-518 (RS-5186; sodium 2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)- 4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene-6-carboxylate, CAS 113817-57-5), a new thromboxane (TX) synthetase inhibitor, as an antiplatelet agent were investigated. Incubation of clotting whole blood from man, rabbits, and dogs with CS-518 resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of TXB2 production and an increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Similar properties were also observed for ozagrel and isbogrel, but both agents were less effective on TXB2 production. CS-518 inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma (PRP) from man, rabbits and dogs. In addition, antiaggregatory effects of CS-518 were confirmed in whole blood by two methods: impedance method and free platelet count method. TXA2 formation in washed canine platelets in response to AA (0.1 mmol/l) was dose-dependently inhibited by incubation with CS-518. This inhibition by CS-518 was gradually attenuated after platelets were subsequently washed with drug-free buffer, but a dose-dependent inhibition was still observed with platelets that had been washed three times. Ozagrel also inhibited TXB2 formation when incubated with platelets, whereas this inhibition disappeared with platelets only washed once. In contrast, platelets treated with acetylsalicylic acid, an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase showed a comparable inhibition before and after they were washed three times. These results indicate that CS-518 exerts antiplatelet effects in vitro via potent, selective, and long-lasting but reversible inhibition on TX synthetase.     

咪苯嗪酮对花生四烯酸诱导的大鼠脑血栓形成的影响

花生四烯酸(AA)0.25～1 mg·kg~(-1)经颈内动脉注射能诱发大鼠同侧大脑半球脑内血栓形成,明显增加伊文思蓝通过血脑屏障渗入脑实质的量,峰值为205±s 50 mg·kg~1脑组织,相应对照组为10±s 5mg·kg~1,咪苯嗪酮0.25～0.5mg·kg~1 iv能对抗AA引起的大鼠脑血栓形成,显著降低脑实质内伊文思蓝的含量,作用呈剂量依赖性,且强于哒唑氧苯     

Effects of the new antiplatelet agent 2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine on platelet aggregation and thrombosis in experimental animals.

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of KC-764 (2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, CAS 94457-09-7) were studied. KC-764 inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation with IC50s of 1.0 x 10(-8)-2.8 x 10(-7) mol/l for humans, rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs, and IC50s of 3.9 x 10(-6)-3.7 x 10(-5) mol/l for mice and rats in vitro. KC-764 inhibited AA- and collagen-induced aggregation with ID50s of 0.04-0.09 mg/kg p.o. in rabbits and dogs, and ID50 of 13.0 mg/kg p.o. in rats. These antiaggregatory activities of KC-764 were stronger than those of acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), indometacin, cilostazol and ticlopidine. KC-764 inhibited the production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in rabbit platelet microsomes, washed platelets and reconstituted platelet rich plasma (RPRP) with IC50s of 2.9 x 10(-6) mol/l, 2.8 x 10(-7) mol/l and 4.3 x 10(-8) mol/l, respectively. The in vitro inhibitory activity of KC-764 on AA-induced platelet aggregation was more potent when RPRP was used rather than washed platelet suspension containing 30% rabbit plasma. ASA did not show such an augmentation. KC-764 prevented collagen- and AA-induced thrombosis at more than 1 mg/kg p.o. and more than 0.1 mg/kg i.v. in mice and rabbits. KC-764 showed the wider margin of dose between antiplatelet action and prolongation of bleeding time in rabbits than ASA and indometacin. These results indicated that KC-764 was a potent antithrombotic drug to prevent TXB2 production and less possible to induce untoward actions as compared with ASA or indometacin.     

A new insight of anti-platelet effects of sirtinol in platelets aggregation via cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase

Sirtinol, a cell permeable six-membered lactone ring, is derived from naphthol and potent inhibitor of SIR2 and its naphtholic may have the inhibitory effects on platelets aggregation. In this study, platelet function was examined by collagen/epinephrine (CEPI) and collagen/ADP-induced closure times using the PFA-100 system reveal that CEPI-CT and CADP-CT were prolonged by sirtinol. The platelets aggregation regulated by physiological agonists such as: thrombin, collagen and AA and U46619 were significantly inhibited by sirtinol. Increases cAMP level was observed when sirtinol treated with Prostaglandin E1 in washed platelets. Moreover, sirtinol attenuated intracellular Ca²⁺ release and thromboxane B2 formation stimulated by thrombin, collagen, AA and U46619 in human washed platelets. This study indicated that sirtinol could inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by physiological agonists, AA and U46619. The mechanism of action may include an increase of cAMP level with enhanced VASP-Ser157 phosphorylation via inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity and subsequent inhibition of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization, thromboxane A2 formation, and ATP release during the platelet aggregation.     

咪苯嗪酮对TXA2和HHT生成的选择性抑制作用

咪苯嗪酮(CI-914)能抑制大鼠血小板环氧酶和TXA₂合成酶产物HHT的生成,而对脂氧酶产物12-HETE的生成仅高浓度药物才有弱的抑制作用,提示CI-914主要影响花生四烯酸(AA)环氧酶途径,而对脂氧酶途径影响较少。在大鼠血小板和中性白细胞CI-914能抑制TXA₂的生成,同时CI-914还可使白细胞6-keto-PGF_1a和血小板PGE₂的产生量显著增加,提示CI-914在这两种细胞引起了AA的转向合成。上述结果基本证实,CI-914在大鼠中性白细胞和血小板对TXA₂合成酶具有选择性抑制作用。     

6-(αα-二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)-哒嗪酮对兔血小板聚集及TXB2,cAMP的影响

6-(αα-二苯基乙酰哌嗪基苯基)-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-3(2H)-哒嗪酮(简称DMDP)是我院新合成的哒嗪酮的衍生物。DMDP可以显著抑制由花生四烯酸(AA(?),ADP和血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导的免血小板聚集,其IC₅₀分别为1.12±0.1.4.19±0.5和2.97±0.1μmol/L。实验还表明DMDP在1～500 μmol/L浓度范围内呈剂量依赖性地抑制兔血小板内血栓素B₂含量,但升高兔血小板内环腺苷酸水平,这可能是其抑制血小板聚集的作用机理之一。     

丁基苯酞对大鼠血栓形成及血小板功能的影响

目的研究消旋、左旋和右旋丁基苯酞(dl-,l-和d-NBP)对血栓形成及血小板功能的影响。方法利用半体外血栓形成术及比浊法,观察dl-,l-和d-NBP及阿司匹林(Asp)对大鼠血栓湿重和血小板聚集率的影响,并用放免法、荧光分光光度法测定其对血小板内cAMP和TXB2的水平以及血小板5-HT释放率的影响。结果ip,dl-NBP和l-NBP可剂量依赖性地抑制大鼠血栓形成,且l-NBP作用与Asp相似,d-NBP对半体外血栓形成无显著作用;dl-,d-和l-NBP可显著抑制胶原、ADP、花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集。结论NBP有抗血栓作用,l-NBP作用最强,dl-NBP作用较弱,其抗栓作用与升高血小板内cAMP的含量及抑制5-HT释放有关。