丁基苯酞对局灶性脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微循环障碍的影响

目的：观察消旋、左旋及右旋丁基苯酞（dl-,l-,d-3-n-butylphthalide,dl-,l-,d-NBP）对局灶性脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微循环障碍的影响。方法：用插线法造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,并用体外显微摄像技术及微循环图象处理系统观察大鼠软脑膜微动脉管径及红细胞流速的变化。结果：dl-,l-和d-NBP对正常大鼠脑微动脉管径无明显影响,MCAO术前1 h预防给药,dl-,l-NBP和尼莫地平可明显增加局灶性脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微动脉管径及血流速度,而d-NBP则加重软脑膜微循环障碍。MCAO术后20 min治疗给药,dl-和l-NBP仍可明显逆转局灶性脑缺血大鼠软脑膜微循环障碍,而d-NBP及尼莫地平作用不明显。结论：改善脑微循环状态是 dl-和l-NBP发挥抗脑缺血作用的重要药理机制之一。     

丁基苯酞对大脑中动脉阻断后皮层组织中花生四烯酸释放及磷脂酶A2基因表达的影响

目的　研究丁基苯酞（dl-NBP), d-NBP和 l-NBP对大脑中动脉阻断(MCAO) 6 h后缺血区皮层中花生四烯酸(AA)释放及磷脂酶A₂（PLA₂）基因表达的影响。方法　阻断大脑中动脉起始部造成局灶性脑缺血模型。HPLC检测AA。Northern blot检测皮层中PLA₂基因表达。结果　MCAO后6 h,皮层中AA释放明显增加。于脑缺血后5 min 和120 min,给dl-NBP(10或20 mg.kg^-1) 和尼莫地平(0.5 mg.kg^-1) 可显著抑制AA的释放。d-NBP和l-NBP作用比较,显示d-NBP有与dl-NBP相似的作用,而l-NBP则无明显影响。Northern印迹结果表明,脑缺血6 h,皮层中PLA₂的基因表达增强。 dl-NBP和d-NBP(10, 20 mg.kg^-1,ip)皆可使表达降低,而l-NBP对缺血脑组织中PLA₂的基因表达的升高无明显影响。结论　dl-NBP和d-NBP可抑制MCAO后脑组织中AA释放和PLA₂的基因表达。     

丁基苯酞对氯化钾及 N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸诱导的大鼠皮质神经细胞损伤的保护作用

用原代培养大鼠皮质神经细胞的方法,观察l-丁基苯酞(l-NBP)和d-丁基苯酞(d-NBP)对KCl及N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸(NMDA)诱导的大鼠皮质神经细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明:l-NBP和d-NBP能剂量依赖性地抑制NMDA诱导的大鼠皮质神经细胞内乳酸脱氢酶的释放,降低细胞死亡率,改善受损细胞的形态;此外l-NBP和d-NBP还能明显减轻KCl诱导的神经细胞损伤。提示:l-NBP和d-NBP对KCl及NMDA诱导的大鼠皮质神经细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

丁基苯酞对低糖低氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经细胞损伤的保护作用

为进一步探讨丁基苯肽对神经的保护作用,用原代培养大鼠皮层神经细胞的方法,以LDH和细胞形态等指标,观察了l-丁基苯酞(l-NBP)和d-丁基苯酞(d-NBP)对低糖低氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明:l-NBP和d-NBP能剂量依赖性地抑制低糖低氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经细胞内LDH的释放,降低细胞死亡率,并能改善受损细胞的形态;此外还能明显减轻低糖低氧诱导的神经细胞内粗面内质网脱颗粒及多聚核糖体解聚。提示:NBP对低糖低氧诱导的大鼠皮层神经细胞损伤有明显保护作用。     

丁基苯酞对原代培养胎大鼠皮层神经细胞外液NO及胞浆内cGMP水平的影响

用分光光度法和放射免疫分析法分别检测NO及cGMP水平,同时观察l-丁基苯酞(l-NBP)和d-丁基苯酞(d-NBP)对原代培养的胎大鼠皮层神经细胞外液NO及胞浆内cGMP水平的影响。结果表明,d-NBP(0.1～100μmol·L^-1)对低糖低氧条件下或含N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸(NMDA)或含KCl的培养基中皮层神经细胞外液NO及细胞内cGMP水平明显升高,而l-NBP(0.1～100μmol·L^-1)则能明显降低NO和cGMP水平。提示:d-NBP和l-NBP对低糖低氧,NMDA或KCl诱导的NO释放和cGMP生成有相反的作用。     

丁基苯酞对线粒体呼吸链复合酶活性的影响

目的：阐明正丁基苯酞(dl-3-n-butylphthalide, dl-NBP)改善缺血脑能量代谢的机制。方法：用分光光度法测定局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑线粒体呼吸链复合酶I,II,III和IV活性的改变,并观察dl-NBP对这些变化的影响。结果：缺血时复合酶II活性升高,IV的活性显著降低;再灌后, 复合酶I活性升高,II的活性降低。在缺血前10 min给予dl-NBP(5 mg.kg^-1或10 mg.kg^-1, ip)能逆转缺血-再灌引起的上述复合酶活性改变,尤其是使缺血后急剧降低的复合酶IV活性得到明显提高。同时NBP(d-,l-,dl-)还能逆转低糖低氧造成的原代培养大鼠皮质细胞呼吸链复合酶IV活性降低。结论：NBP能够改善缺血脑内能量状态是直接作用于脑线粒体的结果,而d-NBP起着主要作用。     

蝙蝠葛酚性碱对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响蝙蝠葛酚性碱对血栓形成和血小板聚集的影响

目的观察蝙蝠葛酚性碱(PAMD)对血栓形成、血小板聚集的影响并研究其作用机制。方法用动静脉短路血栓形成模型观察血栓形成；比浊法测定血小板聚集度；电镜技术观察血小板超微结构变化；放射免疫法测定TXB₂和6-酮基-PGF1α的水平；硝酸还原酶法测定兔血浆NO浓度。结果PAMD体内给药可剂量依赖性地抑制血栓形成及由ADP，AA和THR诱导的大鼠和兔的血小板的聚集；可显著抑制血小板超微结构的变化；能明显升高兔血管壁6-酮基-PGF1α产生量，对血小板释放的TXB₂无明显影响；还可提高兔血浆NO的浓度。结论PAMD具抗血栓形成和抗血小板聚集的作用，其机制与增加血管壁PGI₂含量，提高兔血浆NO的浓度有关。     

丁基苯酞对蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血流的改善及血脑屏障的保护作用

侧脑室注入自体血液造成蛛网膜下腔出血模型,观察丁基苯酞(dl-NBP)对局部脑血流的改善作用及血脑屏障的保护作用。结果表明,dl-NBP5～20mg·kg^-1明显提高蛛网膜下腔出血后3h内尾状核的血流量,但无明显的剂量效应关系。0.25mg·kg^-1的尼莫地平亦明显提高脑血流。并发现dl-NBP10mg·kg^-1及尼莫地平0.25mg·kg^-1(分别于蛛网膜下腔出血后5min和3hip)均能明显降低蛛网膜下腔出血6h后皮层组织中伊文氏蓝的摄取量,提示对血脑屏障有明显的保护作用。     

小檗碱对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血小板聚集及血浆TXB2和6-keto-PGF1a水平的影响

以大鼠可逆性大脑中动脉梗塞(MCAO)致局灶性脑缺血为模型,观察小檗碱对大鼠MCAO24h后血小板粘附、聚集、血栓形成及血浆TXB2和PGI₂生成的影响。结果表明,小檗碱20mg·kg^-1·d^-1ipl,3或5d,明显降低MCAo24h后血小板粘附性及ADP、胶原和花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集率,抑制血浆TXB₂水平。同剂量ip3或5d,则抑制血栓形成。提示小檗碱可能通过其抗血小板粘附和聚集及影响花生四烯酸代谢而发挥抗脑缺血作用。     

槲皮素在试管内对血小板功能和膜脂质流动性的影响

本文报道槲皮素对血小板聚集释放反应以及膜脂质流动性的影响。槲皮素浓度为300μmol时对PAF诱导和600μmol时对凝血酶诱导的大鼠血小板聚集几乎完全抑制;也明显地抑制ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集及凝血酶诱导的兔血小板³H-5 HT释放;在槲皮素浓度为30μmol时,即明显降低血小板膜脂质流动性。     

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of L-3-n-butylphthalide in rats

3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a potentially beneficial drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke with multiple actions on different pathophysiological processes. In the present study, the effect of l-, d-, and dl-NBP was investigated on ADP-, collagen-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation. l-NBP was the most potent among l-, d-, and dl-NBP. At higher concentration the effect of dl-NBP on platelet aggregation was greater than that of l- or d-NBP alone. The ex vivo antiaggregatory activity of l-NBP 100mg/kg declined gradually after 2 hours, but a considerable antiplatelet activity was still observed 4h after l-NBP administration. NBP was given orally and resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of thrombus formation. Of the two isomers, l-NBP was the most potent. It significantly protected mice from a mixture of collagen and epinephrine induced thromboembolic death. When 100 mg/kg of l-NBP were administered orally to rats, the bleeding time increased 2.1-fold compared with the control group. At the same dose, ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, and AA was inhibited by l-NBP and the antithrombotic effects of the compound were also observed. Thus, NBP exerts oral anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic efficacy without perturbing systemic hemostasis in rats. l-NBP is more potent than d- and dl-NBP as antiplatelet agent.     

丁基苯酞对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经细胞外液6-keto-PGF1α和TXB2及其比值的影响

目的旨在观察丁基苯酞(NBP)对神经细胞培养液中6-酮-PGF_1α和TXB₂含量及其比值的影响。用放射免疫方法,结果发现神经细胞在低糖低氧5h或低糖低氧5h/恢复糖氧3h条件下,d-,l-和dl-NBP(0.1～100μmol·L^-1)能够剂量依赖性升高细胞外液中的6-酮-PGF_1α含量,降低TXB₂水平,从而使6-酮-PGF_1α与TXB₂比值升高。而阿司匹林仅在小剂量(0.1,1μmol·L^-1)时能升高6-酮 PGF^1α与TXB^{2比值,大剂量(10,100μmol·L-1)时无影响。提示:NBP对6-酮-PGF_1α/TXB₂比值的升高可能与其增加局部脑血流和改善缺血性脑损伤有关。}     

丁基苯酞对牛脑微动主胸主动脉内皮血管活性物质生成的影响

AIM: The effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP), l-3-n-butylphthalide (l-NBP), and d-3-n-butylphthalide (d-NBP) on the production of nitric oxide (NO), epoprostenol (Epo) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated in cerebrovascular and aortic endothelium in culture. METHODS: Bovine cerebral endothelial cells (BCEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were cultured in Medium 199 in vitro. After incubation with dl-, l-, and d-NBP for 24 h, the release of NO, Epo, and ET-1 were analyzed by using spectrometry assay and radioimmunoassay (RIA) respectively. RESULTS: Low concentrations of dl- and l-NBP (0.1-10 mumol.L-1) enhanced nitrite and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-ketoPGF1 alpha) production in both BAEC and BCEC after a 24-h incubation, and l-NBP has a potent effect on promoting Epo production in BCEC. The production of ET-1 secreted by BCEC and BAEC was increased after TNF alpha stimulation, this enhancement was not blunted by the simultaneous addition of dl-, l-, and d-NBP. CONCLUSION: 1) dl-NBP and l-NBP increase NO production in both BCEC and BAEC. 2) l-NBP increases more Epo production in BCEC than that in BAEC, and dl-NBP has selective effect on increasing Epo production in BCEC.     

盐酸非洛普对人和兔血小板聚集的影响

用比浊法和放射免疫法分别测定盐酸非洛普对兔和人血小板聚集及兔血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）和动脉壁前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）含量的影响。盐酸非洛普呈剂量依赖性抑制ＡＤＰ（ＩＣ５０＝５．８×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）和ＡＡ诱导的兔血小板聚集。对ＡＤＰ和Ａｄｒ诱导的人血小板聚集亦有明显抑制作用且呈剂量依赖性，ＩＣ５０值分别为１．２和１．３×１０－４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。盐酸非洛普短期应用（８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ｉｖｔｉｄ×２ｄ）明显抑制ＡＤＰ和ＡＡ诱导的兔血小板聚集及ＴＸＢ２的产生和释放，对兔动脉壁和血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量无显著影响。研究结果表明，盐酸非洛普抗血小板聚集作用与其抑制血小板ＴＸＡ２合成和释放有关，亦可能与其α２受体阻断作用有关。     

甲基莲心碱对兔血小板聚集功能的影响

用比浊法和放射免疫分析技术研究甲基莲心碱(Nef)抗血小板聚集作用及其对TXA₂/PGI₂与cAMP/cGMP浓度的影响。结果显示,Nef在体外明显抑制ADP,胶原,AA及PAF诱导的家兔血小板聚集,IC₅₀分别为16,22,193及103μmol·L^-1;Nef明显抑制AA诱导的血小板TXA₂的生成和释放,对动脉环PGI₂的生成有促进作用;Nef剂量依赖性地升高血小板cAMP浓度,对cGMP无明显影响。结果提示Nef抗血小板聚集作用的机理与抑制TXA₂生成,增加血管PGI₂及血小板cAMP含量有关。     

Effects of 2‐(1‐hydroxypentyl)‐benzoate on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in rats

2‐(1‐hydroxypentyl)‐benzoate (dl‐PHPB), a derivate of 3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP), is a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of cerebral ischemia. In the present study, the antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of dl‐PHPB were evaluated in ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo arteriovenous (A‐V) shunt models. dl‐PHPB inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), and collagen (COL) in a dose‐dependent manner when given orally (12.9–129.5 mg/kg). The inhibitory potency was similar to 3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) and aspirin (ASP). Inhibition on platelet aggregation was also observed after iv administration of dl‐PHPB (1.29–12.9 mg/kg). The time‐course of these effects showed the maximal inhibition on platelet aggregation at 1 h after oral administration and 30 min after iv injection. dl‐PHPB (12.9–129.5 mg/kg, p.o.) caused dose‐dependent inhibition of thrombus formation in the rat A‐V shunt thrombosis model. These results show that dl‐PHPB is an orally and iv antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent and may be useful for treatment of ischemia stroke. Drug Dev Res 63:174–180, (2004). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

阿司匹林铜的抗血小板聚集作用

目的：研究阿司匹林铜（ＣｕＡｓｐ）对血小板聚集性的影响及其机制，方法；用Ｂｏｒｎ氏法测定ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板聚集性的影响，用荧光光度法和放射免疫法观察ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板５－羟色胺的释放和ＴＸＢ２的产生及血浆中ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α水平的影响，结果：ＣｕＡｓｐ体外呈浓度依赖性抑制花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）诱导的血小板聚集和５－羟色胺的释放（ＩＣ５０分别为１７和１９μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１，９５％可信