除草剂磺草灵的毒性研究

为评价除草剂磺草灵的毒性,作者对磺草灵及其40%钠盐溶液进行了一系列一般毒性和一组短期诱变性试验。磺草灵的小鼠经口LD_(50) >30000mg/kg。磺草灵钠盐的大小鼠的经口LD_(50)均为8250mg/kg。磺草灵钠盐的大鼠蓄积系数为9.42。未见小鼠因磺草灵钠盐经皮吸收引起死亡。经Ames试验、枯草杆菌重组试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验及雄性小鼠睾丸精原细胞和初级精母细胞染色体畸变分析,均为阴性结果。以上结果表明:磺草灵是一种低毒、低蓄积性的物质,且未发现诱变性。     

脉通灵Ⅰ、Ⅱ号的毒理学安全性评价研究

脉通灵Ⅰ、Ⅱ号是由北京市宣武中医院研制出的一种治疗脉管炎的有效中药方剂。我们对其进行了急性毒性、蓄积毒性及诱变性的研究。结果表明:大、小鼠经口 LD_(50)均>100 ml/kg,蓄积作用很低,小鼠骨髓微核试验、Ames 试验及睾丸染色体畸变分析试验均为阴性,未发现有诱变性。因此,脉通灵Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号用于治疗脉管炎患者是比较安全的。     

麦参肝安胶囊的急性毒性及蓄积性毒性研究

目的:评价麦参肝安胶囊的急性毒性及蓄积性毒性。方法:急性毒性实验:采用灌胃给药方法,以Bills法测定小鼠急性毒性。采用定期剂量递增法,以蓄积系数评价其蓄积毒性、耐受性。结果:小鼠灌胃麦参肝安胶囊LD_(50)为(4160.50±350.42)mg/kg;蓄积指数5,耐受性实验中对照组死亡率为60%,用药组为0。结论:麦参肝安胶囊经口LD_(50)为4 160.50 mg/kg,弱蓄积性,对小鼠有明显的耐受性,不易发生蓄积中毒。     

二羟基乙二肟毒性实验研究

本文报道二羟基乙二肟急性经口毒性,小鼠LD_(50)>8000mg/kg、大鼠LD_(50)>5000mg/kg。蓄积系数为2.9,属低毒有明显蓄积作用的物质。对皮肤及眼结膜无刺激作用。其原形物质及其代谢产物主要经肾排出,引起尿路梗阻性病变及肾盂结石,电镜可见肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、溶酶体增多增大,并使肾组织SDH酶活性下降。血清中尿素氮增高达9.35mmol/L,表明对肾脏有明显的损害,此外对生殖系统也有一定的毒作用。     

炔戊菊脂及其二氯衍生物毒性、诱变性与结构的关系

炔戊菊脂及其二氯衍生物为拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,两者化学结构相似。毒性试验两者皆有神经系统症状,如肌颤、抽搐及惊跳反应增强等。炔戊菊脂小鼠吸入4小时LC_(50)>20.00mg/l,经口LD_(50)5280～7940mg/kg,二氯衍生物2小时LC_(50)6.37mg/-l,LD_(50)68.1mg/kg。诱变性检测微核试验两者皆为阴性。Ames 试验炔戊菊脂在高剂量时TA_(100)/-S_g为阳性,而二氯衍生物则为阴性。本文表明炔戊菊脂类的毒性症状、LD_(50)、诱变性皆与化学结构有密切关系,如菊酸中的二甲基被二氯取代后则毒性升高,Ames 试验可能为阴性。     

亚硒酸钠对艾氏腹水癌(实体型)生长的抑制作用

本文用“肿瘤抑制率”为指标,观察亚硒酸钠对艾氏腹水癌(实体型)生长的抑制作用。3个实验组小鼠腹腔注射亚硒酸钠,剂量分别为1/7LD_(50)(3.50mg/kg体重)、1/10LD_(50)(2.45mg/kg体重)和1/30LD_(50)(0.82mg/kg体重)每日给药1次,共7天。结果以1/10LD_(50)组的“肿瘤抑制率”为最高,经体重校正瘤重后,“肿瘤抑制率”仍高达35.59％。     

膦甲酸钠的毒性研究

膦甲酸钠为新型抗病毒药,其毒性试验结果表明:KM小鼠经静脉注射,LD_(50)为395.7mg/kg,大鼠经腹腔注射,LD_(50)为1050.5mg/kg。大鼠腹腔注射和犬静脉注射3个月长期毒性试验中,毒性反应剂量分别为300mg/kg、120mg/kg,主要中毒表现为肝肾功能异常、中毒性肾病及肾小管坏死等。Ames试验及NIH小鼠微核试验结果均呈阴性。     

骆驼蓬有效成分两种给药途径的毒性比较研究

目的:开展骆驼蓬有效成分骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱两种给药途径的小鼠急性毒性比较研究。方法:采用Bliss法测定小鼠经口灌胃和静脉注射给药骆驼蓬碱、去氢骆驼蓬碱的LD_(50),同时观察小鼠中毒症状及中毒反应的起止时间。结果:骆驼蓬碱经口灌胃的LD_(50)及其95%可信区间为118.9 mg/kg(105.8~133.9 mg/kg),静脉注射的LD_(50)及其95%可信区间为80.3 mg/kg(60.6~146.1 mg/kg);去氢骆驼蓬碱经口灌胃的LD_(50)及其95%可信区间为250.3 mg/kg(210.0~293.3 mg/kg),静脉注射的LD_(50)及其95%可信区间为74.1 mg/kg(67.2~83.1 mg/kg)。小鼠经口灌胃给药时,骆驼蓬碱小鼠死亡时间早于去氢骆驼蓬碱小鼠死亡时间;小鼠静脉注射给药时,去氢骆驼蓬碱小鼠死亡时间早于骆驼蓬碱小鼠死亡时间。结论:小鼠经口灌胃给药骆驼蓬碱毒性去氢骆驼蓬碱毒性,小鼠静脉注射给药去氢骆驼蓬碱毒性骆驼蓬碱毒性。     

贵州省沙蚕毒系新农药——多噻烷毒性研究

对多噻烷进行毒性研究,以评价沙蚕毒系新农药的安全性。结果:大鼠纯品经口 LD_(50)雄303mg/kg,雌274mg/kg;乳油经口 LD_(50)雄253mg/kg,雌235mg/kg;经皮 LD_(50)1217mg/kg;鲤鱼 TLm_(48)为1.42ppm;1%以上浓度对家兔皮肤、眼粘膜有轻度刺激作用。蓄积系数 6.0,属轻度蓄积。亚慢性毒性实验大鼠进食含本品40、80、240、480ppm 的饲料3个月,最大无作用剂量为80ppm。以 Ames 试验、微核试验、精子畸形试验等对多噻烷进行致突变性检测,均为阴性。     

BAPE消沫剂的毒性试验

BAPE消沫剂是一种含氮的新型消沫剂,已广泛用于土霉素、四环素、链霉素等生产中消除泡沫。为了解其对人体有无毒性作用,进行了毒性试验。 1.急性毒性试验:小鼠口服的半数致死量(LD_(50))为16.17±1.4m1/kg体重;小鼠静注的LD_(50)=0.246±0.012m1/kg体重。     

补骨脂素、异补骨脂素和补骨脂酚急性毒性的性别差异研究

[目的] 探究补骨脂素、异补骨脂素和补骨脂酚对小鼠急性毒性的性别差异。[方法] 补骨脂素给药剂量为雌性（1 125、843、633、475、356 mg/kg）、雄性（633、475、356、267、200 mg/kg）,异补骨脂素给药剂量为雌性（404、343、292、248、210 mg/kg）、雄性（317、292、269、248、229 mg/kg）,补骨脂酚雌、雄剂量均为2 000、1 765、1 500、1 200、1 020 mg/kg。一次性灌胃给予受试药,连续观察并记录14 d小鼠的毒性反应、体质量和死亡情况,应用SPSS统计学软件,采用Probit回归法计算半数致死量（LD₅₀）和95%可信区间。[结果] 给药后小鼠毒性反应主要表现为抽搐、四肢强直,部分动物口眼周围有分泌物,剂量越高反应越明显。与对照组比较,补骨脂素、异补骨脂素给药组随给药剂量增大,小鼠体质量呈现降低趋势。补骨脂素雌性小鼠的LD₅₀为514.35mg/kg,雄性小鼠LD₅₀为421.37 mg/kg,雌性小鼠LD₅₀值比雄性高出22%。异补骨脂素雌性小鼠LD₅₀为258.02 mg/kg,雄性小鼠LD₅₀为255.26 mg/kg。补骨脂酚雌性小鼠LD₅₀超出2 000 mg/kg,雄性小鼠LD₅₀为1 679.4 mg/kg。[结论] 补骨脂素和补骨脂酚对小鼠的急性毒性存在一定性别差异,但无统计学意义。     

过氧乙酸消毒剂的毒性试验

目的：对一元包装过氧乙酸消毒剂的急性和亚急性毒性进行研究,为其安全使用提供依据。方法依据卫生部《消毒技术规范》（2002年版）进行试验：（1）急性毒性试验：选用健康Wistar大鼠60只,随机分组,一次性经口灌胃不同剂量消毒剂,观察大鼠的中毒症状和死亡情况,计算半数致死量（LD50）。（2）亚急性毒性试验：选用健康Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为3个剂量组和阴性对照组,连续经口灌胃（33～342）mg/kg体重消毒剂28d,试验结束后检测大鼠体重、脏/体比值、血液学指标及血清生化指标,并进行病理组织学检查。结果对雌性、雄性大鼠LD50分别为1470mg/kg体重、1710mg/kg体重;大鼠亚急性试验各剂量组体重、血液学指标、生化指标、脏/体比值,与阴性对照组比较,统计学上均差异无显著性;大体解剖观察未见异常,未见与受试物有关的病理组织学改变。结论该过氧乙酸消毒剂对大鼠急性经口毒性为低毒级,且在本试验剂量范围内,未观察到明显的亚急性经口毒性。     

细辛脑注射制剂异常毒性检查标准研究

目的测定细辛脑注射制剂静脉给药的小鼠LD50值,同时起草本品异常毒性检查标准。方法采用加权回归机率单位法(Bliss法)对小鼠静脉给药测定LD50值,同时按照《中国药典》2010年版要求确定异常毒性检查限值,起草异常毒性标准。结果测定细辛脑注射制剂的小鼠LD50为51.9-153.1 mg/kg,为标准中拟增加异常毒性检查项,异常毒性检查项的限值建议定为15 mg/kg,按此限值检查结果符合规定。结论细辛脑注射制剂毒性较大,各企业生产工艺不同毒性也差异较大,为减少本品临床使用不良反应的发生,应在其质量标准中增加异常毒性检查项。     

不同单位生产的二氧化氯消毒剂急性经口毒性比较

目的对同一剂型不同单位生产的二氧化氯消毒剂急性经口毒性进行比较,为其安全使用提供科学依据。方法剂量设计采用霍恩氏法和一次最大限度试验,按要求对KM小鼠进行随机分组,将受试样品给各组动物一次灌胃,观察动物的中毒症状和死亡情况,根据试验结果计算LD50,并确定急性毒性分级。结果 3个单位生产的二氧化氯消毒剂急性经口毒性雌性动物分别为:3 160mg/kg.bw,>5 000 mg/kg.bw,3 690mg/kg.bw;雄性动物分别为:3 160mg/kg.bw,4 300 mg/kg.bw,3 690mg/kg.bw。结论按照《消毒技术规范》2002版毒性分级评价,A、C2种受试样品及B受试样品对雄性动物均属低毒物,B受试样品对雌性动物属实际无毒物。     

Toxicity effects of water extracts of H olothuria atra Jaeger in mice

ObjectiveTo determine lethal median dose (LD₅₀) and histopathological toxicity of water extract of Holothuria atra (H. atra) in mice.MethodsThe behavioral changes, mortality and histopathology examination on liver were assessed in mice 14 d after the administration (i.p.) of H. atra water extract. Seven doses (10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) of H. atra were used. The control group was treated with normal saline.ResultsIn the acute study in mice, the water extracts of H. atra caused dose-dependent general behavior adverse affects and mortality. The main behavioral sign of toxicity was hypoactivity, noticed immediately after administration of the extract which was more obvious at the higher doses and persisted until death. Mortality increased with increasing doses, the calculated LD₅₀ was 41 mg/kg in mice. The liver toxicity was confirmed by histopathological examination, which indicated the presence of abnormal hepatocytes with a distorted shape and undefined cell lining as well as enlarged nuclei in low doses groups. High doses groups indicated a more prominent distortion of the polyhedral hepatocytes with undefined cell lining, massive cytoplasm, pyknotic, karyorhexis and karyolytic nuclei (necrosis of hepatocytes). Control group showed polyhedral hepatocytes with defined cell lining arranged in cords and normal round nuclei, with granular cytoplasm.ConclusionsBecause of the relatively low LD₅₀ value in the acute study in mice, it may be concluded that the H. atra water extract is toxic.     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Tetrandrine in Intravenously Exposed Female BALB/c Mice

Objective: To evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of intravenously administered tetrandrine(TET) in female BALB/c mice. Methods: The median lethal dose(LD_(50)) of intravenously administered TET was calculated in mice using Dixon's up-and-down method. In the acute toxicity study, mice were intravenously administered with TET at a single dose of 20, 100, 180, 260 and 340 mg/kg, respectively and were evaluated at 14 days after administration. In the sub-acute toxicity study, mice were intravenously administered various doses of TET(30, 90 and 150 mg/kg) each day for 14 consecutive days. Clinical symptoms, mortality, body weight, serum biochemistry, organ weight and histopathology were examined at the end of the experiment, as well as after a 1-week recovery period. Result: LD_(50) was found to be 444.67±35.76 mg/kg. In the acute toxicity study, no statistically significant differences in body weight, blood biochemistry, or organ histology were observed between the administration and control groups when mice were intravenously administered with single dose at 20, 100, 180, 260 and 340 mg/kg of TET(P0.05). In the sub-acute toxicity study, no significant changes in body weight, biochemistry and organ histology were observed with up to 90 mg/kg of TET compared with the control group(P0.05), however, in the 150 mg/kg administered group, TET induced transient toxicity to liver, lungs and kidneys, but withdrawal of TET can lead to reversal of the pathological conditions. Conclusions: The overall findings of this study indicate that TET is relatively non-toxic from a single dose of 20, 100, 180, 260 or 340 mg/kg, and that up to 90 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive days can be considered a safe application dose.     

小鼠急性铊中毒半数致死剂量的测定

目的 测定硝酸亚铊急性中毒小鼠的半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD50).方法 130只小鼠随机分为13组,每组10只,雌雄各半,给小鼠经口灌入不同剂量的硝酸亚铊水溶液,观察并记录2周内各组小鼠症状、毒性反应及死亡情况,观察死亡小鼠肠道的组织病理学变化.以小鼠死亡率为指标,按改良寇氏法计算其LD5...     

HUN的毒性和致突变性研究

对ＨＵＮ（植物杀虫剂）进行了经口、皮和呼吸道的急性毒性实验（霍恩氏法和寇氏法），蓄积毒性试验（剂量递增法）和致突变试验（Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸变试验）。结果表明：ＨＵＮ的大鼠经口ＬＤ５０为３１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，经皮ＬＤ５０为５８４ｍｇ／ｋｇ；小鼠经口ＬＤ５０为２６５．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，经呼吸道ＬＤ５０为１７９６．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，蓄积系数为１．９。致突变试验结果表明，Ａｍｅｓ试验各浓度组加Ｓ９与不加Ｓ９活化，其ＭＲ值均小于２。微核试验和精子畸变试验，各剂量组微核发病率和精子畸变率与阴性对照组比较均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示：ＨＵＮ为中等毒性和高蓄积性的化学物质。各项致突变试验结果均表明ＨＵＮ无致突变性，是一种较理想的植物杀虫剂。     

茶多酚急性、慢性毒性实验研究☆

ObjectiveThe study was to observe the acute and chronic toxicity of Tea Polyphenols(TP).Methodsthe mice were divided into five groups and TP was given orally for 7 days.The method of Bliss was used to determine the LD₅₀ of the TP.The rats was divided into control group,TP high dosage group,TP middle dosage group and low dosage group(0.4,0.6,0.8g/kg^.d^-1)to observe the chronic toxicity.ResultThe LD₅₀ of TP is 2.499g/kg.The rats have showed no toxicity reaction in weight,blood,the internal organs,liver and kidneys function after the using of the drug.ConclusionThe TP has low toxicity,the dosage of 0.8g/kg.d^-1 in rat is equivalent to 100 times of the dosage used in clinic for an adult.It indicates that the clinical using of TP is safe.