葛根素对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤中细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察葛根素对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤中细胞凋亡的影响.方法:复制兔单侧肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,随机分为三组,每组10只:对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和葛根素组(Pur组).对比观察各组血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、一氧化氮(NO)及丙二醛(MDA)含量、肺湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤数定量评价指标(IQA)及肺组织细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果:再灌注后各时间点IR组与C组比较发现,SOD活力、NO含量明显降低(P＜ 0.01),MDA、W/D、IQA、AI明显升高(P＜ 0.01),Pur组与IR组相比较发现,SOD活力、NO含量均明显升高(P＜ 0.01),MDA、W/D、IQA、AI不同程度地有所降低(P＜ 0.05).结论:葛根素通过抗氧化与提高NO含量,可抑制再灌注后肺组织细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺损伤.     

葛根素对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤中血红素加氧酶-1的影响

目的:观察葛根素对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)中血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的影响.方法:30只健康日本大耳白兔随机分成假手术对照组(C组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)和葛根素组(Pur组).复制兔单侧肺缺血再灌注损伤模型,对比观察各组肺湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤数(IAR)、HO-1活性、HO-1mRNA及其蛋白的表达.结果:IR组与Pur组W/D、IQA均比C组为高(P＜0.01),但Pur组显著低于IR组(P＜0.01);与C组相比,IR组HO-1活性、HO-1mRNA及其蛋白表达增加(P＜0.01),Pur组上升更加显著(P＜0.01).结论:葛根素能增加HO-1的活性,上调HO-1mRNA及其蛋白的表达,对肺缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用.     

三七总皂甙对肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax的影响

[目的]探讨三七总皂甙对肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达的影响。[方法]复制在体大鼠原位单肺缺血再灌注模型,随机分:假手术对照组(C组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)与三七总皂甙干预组(PNS组),每组10只。实验结束时取左肺组织观察细胞凋亡指数(AI)、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达、肺组织湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤率(IAR)及肺组织超微结构的改变。[结果]IR组肺组织Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达、AI、W/D及IAR均显著高于C组(均P0.01),超微结构呈明显损伤性变化。PNS组与IR组相比,肺组织Bax的蛋白表达显著下降(P0.01),Bcl-2的蛋白表达及Bcl-2/Bax的比值显著上调(均P0.01),AI、W/D及IAR也显著降低(均P0.01),超微结构损伤较轻。[结论]三七总皂甙可能通过提高Bcl-2/Bax的比值而减轻肺组织细胞凋亡,对缺血再灌注肺发挥积极的保护作用。     

人硫氧还蛋白对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及ASK1的影响

目的 探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系及人硫氧还蛋白的作用机制。方法 随机将Wistar大鼠84只分为对照组、肺缺血再灌注组、人硫氧还蛋白干预组。观察各组肺组织湿、干重比值（W/D）、肺泡损伤指数（IQA）、肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量,采用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法观测细胞凋亡指数(AI）, 采用免疫组化技术检测细胞凋亡信号调节激酶1(ASK1)蛋白的变化。结果 与对照组比较,缺血再灌注组SOD活性降低,MDA含量、W/D比值、IQA、AI及ASK1表达均上调(P均<0.01)。与缺血再灌注组比较, 人硫氧还蛋白干预组SOD活性显著升高,MDA、W/D比值、IQA、AI及ASK1表达明显下降(P均<0.01)。AI与SOD、ASK1蛋白与SOD呈显著负相关(r为-0.820,-0.749,P均<0.01), 与W/D、IQA、MDA、ASK1蛋白呈明显正相关(r分别为0.721,0.835,0.844,0.675, P均<0.01),与MDA含量呈明显正相关（r为0.721,P<0.01）。结论 肺组织细胞凋亡参与肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生,人硫氧还蛋白可能通过降低氧自由基水平、减轻脂质过氧化反应,下调ASK1的表达抑制细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

红花对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及caspase-3的影响

目的:探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系以及红花注射液的干预作用及其机制.方法:健康日本大耳白兔36只,随机分为对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和红花干预组(SI组).复制在体肺缺血再灌注损伤模型.对比观察各组肺湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤数定量评价指标(IQA);采用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法观测肺组织细胞凋亡指数,原位杂交技术检测肺组织细胞caspase-3基因的表达.结果:IR组W/D、IQA、肺组织细胞凋亡指数及caspase-3mRNA表达均显著高于C组(P＜0.01).SI组上述各指标明显低于IR组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).肺组织细胞凋亡指数与W/D、IQA及caspase-3mRNA均呈显著正相关(r分别=0.920,0.925,0.927;P均＜0.01).结论:肺组织细胞凋亡参与了肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生,红花注射液可能通过下调caspase-3的表达抑制肺组织细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤.     

三七总皂甙对肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及Bc1-2/Bax的影响

[目的]探讨三七总皂甙对肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及Bc1-2/Bax蛋白表达的影响.[方法]复制在体大鼠原位单肺缺血再灌注模型,随机分:假手术对照组(C组)、肺缺血再灌注组(IR组)与三七总皂甙干预组(PNS组),每组10只.实验结束时取左肺组织观察细胞凋亡指数(AI)、Bc1-2和Bax的蛋白表达、肺组织湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤率(IAR)及肺组织超微结构的改变.[结果]IR组肺组织Bc1-2和Bax的蛋白表达、AI、W/D及IAR均显著高于C组(均P＜0.01),超微结构呈明显损伤性变化.PNS组与IR组相比,肺组织Bax的蛋白表达显著下降(P＜0.01),Bc1-2的蛋白表达及Bc1-2/Bax的比值显著上调(均P＜0.01),AI、W/D及IAR也显著降低(均P＜0.01),超微结构损伤较轻.[结论]三七总皂甙可能通过提高Bc1-2/Bax的比值而减轻肺组织细胞凋亡,对缺血再灌注肺发挥积极的保护作用.     

参附注射液对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤时肺细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨参附注射液对大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤时肺细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响。方法30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组，即假手术（Sham，n=10）组、缺血再灌注（IR，n=10）组、参附治疗（SF，n=10）组。制作大鼠单肺原位热缺血再灌注模型，进行肺损伤组织学定量评价指标（IQA）检测；采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶（TdT）介导的dUTP缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测肺组织细胞凋亡，并计算凋亡指数（apoptosis index，AI）；免疫组化法检测肺组织细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的变化。结果Sham组几乎未见凋亡细胞，IR组、SF组的IQA、AI值均较Sham组明显升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；SF组的IQA、AI值明显低于IR组（P均〈0．01）；与Sham组相比，IR组Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达明显上调（P均〈0．01），而Bcl-2／13ax比值下降护〈0．01）；与IR组比较，SF组Bax蛋白水平显著下降护〈0．05），而Bcl-2蛋白、Bcl-2／Bax比值显著升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。IQA与AI呈显著正相关（r=0．912，P〈0．01），而AI与Bcl-2／Bax比值呈显著负相关（r=0．847，P〈0．01）。结论参附注射液可能通过抑制Bax的表达、上调Bcl-2的表达，使Bcl-2／Bax比值增加，从而减少细胞凋亡，减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

促红细胞生成素后处理减轻大鼠再灌注损伤肺细胞凋亡中的作用及机制

目的探讨促红细胞生成素后处理在减轻肺缺血/再灌注损伤（LIRI）大鼠肺细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制。方法健康雄性成年SD大鼠40只,按随机数字表法分成5组,每组8只,即假手术对照组（C组）、缺血/再灌注(IR)组、促红细胞生成素（EPO）组、EPO+溶剂对照组（PPCES溶液）（P组）和EPO+SP600125（SP组）,通过阻断左肺门制作动物模型并予相应处理。原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测肺细胞凋亡情况并计算凋亡指数（AI）;RT-PCR法、免疫组化法测定肺组织Bcl-2、Bax基因和蛋白的表达;光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化及测定肺泡损伤数（IQA）。结果与C组比较,IR组肺组织IQA显著升高,AI显著升高,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达明显下降,Bax基因和蛋白表达明显上调,Bcl-2/Bax的比值降低（均P＜0.05）,肺组织形态学发生异常改变;与IR组比较,EPO组、P组、SP组的IQA显著降低,AI显著降低,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达上调,Bax基因和蛋白和表达下降,Bcl-2/Bax的比值增高（均P＜0.05）,肺组织形态学结构异常改变有所减轻;与EPO组比较,SP组的IQA降低,AI显著降低,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达上调,Bax基因和蛋白表达下降,Bcl-2/Bax的比值增高（均P＜0.05）,SP组的肺组织形态学结构损伤较EPO组减轻。结论EPO后处理能减轻LIRI,其机制可能通过抑制JNK信号转导通路的激活,上调凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2的表达,下调促凋亡基因Bax的表达,提高Bcl-2/Bax比值,使肺组织细胞凋亡减少,改善其结构。     

七叶皂苷钠对肠缺血再灌注肺损伤大鼠细胞凋亡相关基因的影响

目的探讨细胞凋亡相关基因与肠缺血再灌注肺损伤的关系及七叶皂苷钠对其的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉方法复制大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤模型。实验分为3组(n=8):对照组(Sham组)、肠缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七叶皂苷钠组(SA+I/R组)。比较各组大鼠肺组织湿/干(W/D)比、肺系数以及血浆和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化;同时免疫组化法检测各组肺组织中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达水平。结果与Sham组相比,I/R组肺组织W/D、肺系数以及血浆和肺组织中MDA含量升高,而SOD活性降低;同时肺组织Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达明显增强,且Bax的增强比Bcl-2的增强更为明显,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低;与I/R组比较,SA+I/R组肺组织W/D、肺系数以及血浆和肺组织中MDA含量降低,而SOD活性升高;同时肺组织Bax蛋白表达下降,Bcl-2蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值明显升高。结论肠缺血再灌注肺损伤的发生可能与氧化损伤所致的凋亡调控基因Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达异常密切相关,七叶皂苷钠可通过抑制过氧化损伤,上调抑凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达,提高Bcl-2/Bax比值来抑制细胞凋亡,从而减轻肠缺血再灌注肺损伤。     

氯胺酮抗兔肺缺血-再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的:观察氯胺酮对兔肺缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法:实验兔50只随机均分为对照组(C组)、缺血-再灌注组(IR组)和缺血-再灌注 氯胺酮预注组(Ket组).测量血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,分析每组肺湿干重比(W/D)、肺泡损伤数(IQA)及肺组织形态改变情况.结果:IR组与C组相比,NO含量显著降低(P＜0.01),TNF-α、MDA、W/D、IQA明显升高(P＜0.01).Ket组与IR组相比,NO含量明显升高(P＜0.05),TNF-α、MDA、W/D、IQA有不同程度降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).光镜下C组肺泡较完整,未见炎症细胞浸润;IR组肺不张,肺间质水肿,炎症细胞浸润,而Ket组肺损伤明显减轻,炎症细胞浸润少.结论:氯胺酮可抑制炎性因子的释放和过氧化反应,增加一氧化氮含量,减轻肺血管内皮细胞损伤,从而对缺血再灌注损伤的肺组织起到保护作用.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…