凝胶骨架控释型马来酸噻吗洛尔贴剂的透皮吸收促进剂研究

本文研究了挥发油类促进剂对噻吗洛尔经离体鼠皮肤的促进作用，探讨了凝胶控释型贴剂的透皮吸收机理。采用双室渗透扩散装置和紫外分光光度法，通过大鼠皮肤进行了贴剂的体外释放与渗透试验。结果表明，桉油、松节油、薄荷素油及与丙二醇的复合物均能有效地促进噻吗洛尔的渗透。首次发现２％桉油与丙二醇（１∶１）混合物为最佳透皮吸收促进剂，其作用比３％Ａ－ｚｏｎｅ与丙二醇（１∶３）混合物强。研究表明，该贴剂经皮渗透的主要屏障为角质层，压敏胶可明显减慢凝胶骨架中药物的渗透速率。大鼠皮肤渗透动力学试验表明，噻吗洛尔溶液的渗透呈零级动力学，而凝胶骨架贴剂中药物的渗透可用Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程来表述。     

促进剂对青蒿琥酯体外经皮渗透的影响

以离体小鼠皮肤为渗透屏障，采用预处理法研究了多种促进剂对青蒿琥酯经皮渗透的增强作用，结果表明，药物经皮渗透符合零级动力学过程，几种渗透促进剂的促进作用大小依次为：薄荷油＞氮酮＞氮酮－丙二醇（１∶１）＞桉叶油＞松节油＞油酸＞桉叶油－丙二醇（１∶１）＞二甲基亚砜＞吐温－８０＞二甲基甲酰胺。各促进剂在实际处方中的作用效能有所下降，但作用大小次序不变。氮酮的促渗作用呈现浓度依赖性，其最佳浓度为３％     

醋氯芬酸经皮吸收的研究

建立醋氯芬酸体外离体经皮释放检测方法，采用改进型Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散装置用鼠皮筛选民几种典型渗透促进剂；月桂氮卓酮，１、，２－丙二醇，油酸，乙酸。采用球面对称设计，对四种促进剂的配伍，作用浓度进行了研究，结果表明：促进剂合用对醋氯芬酸的透皮吸收人有协同作用，毕竟坦促进 效，研究了以聚乙二醇为基质的醋氯芬酸软膏，制备了具有良好的经皮吸收性能的软膏。     

川芎嗪体外透皮的特性

目的 研究川芎嗪的基本透皮特性。方法 采用Ｖ－Ｃ水平扩散池,以渗透系数为指标研究川芎嗪在完整小鼠、大鼠、裸鼠皮肤、人皮和去角质层大鼠皮肤中的透过性。考察常用促透剂乙醇、丙二醇、月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮（Ａｚｏｎｅ）和另一些挥发油对川芎嗪透皮特性的影响．结果 川芎嗪能较好透过皮肤,其渗透系数受药物浓度、解离度和介质ｐＨ值等因素的影响。在所用各类透皮促进剂中,２％桉油的促透效果最好,优于同浓度的Ａｚｏｎｅ。结     

格列吡嗪透皮促渗剂的研究

目的：研究三种促渗剂及其混合物对格列吡嗪小鼠离体皮肤渗透性的影响。方法：采用Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池进行体外渗透实验,用双波长紫外发光光度法检测格列吡嗪渗透量。结果：Ａ、油酸和促渗剂Ａ对格列吡嗪具有较好促进作用,其各自最佳促渗浓度分别为２％,２％和５％;混合促渗剂比单一促渗剂效果好,复合实验表明：２％油酸与２％Ａ－ｚｏｎｅ呈相加作用;５％Ａ与２％Ａｚｏｎｅ呈协同作用;５％Ａ、２％Ａｚｏｎｅ与２％油酸混合,     

5%皮维碘乳霜在烧伤中的应用

烧伤感染,目前基本无理想的局部外用抗菌药药物。近４年来,选用含有助渗剂Ａｚｏｎｅ的５％皮维碘乳霜,取得较好的治疗效果。现报道如下。１　资料与方法１－１　１９９５年１月至１９９８年１２月我科收治的烧伤病人中有１７３例应用了５％ＰＶＰ－Ⅰ－Ａｚｏｎｅ或３％ＰＰＡ－Ｚｎ,其中男９７例,女７６例。年龄最小８个月,最大６６岁,平均２３－３±９－５岁。平均烧伤面积３４－７±１６－２％,Ⅲ度面积１８－２％±６－４％。新鲜创面用药１３２例,感染创面４１例。所有病例均随机分为３组：第一组：５０例,单纯用５％ＰＶＰ…     

亚硝酸钠与AFB1相互作用对遗传物质影响的实验研究

以正常人外周血淋巴细胞的ＳＣＥ率作为细胞遗传学指标，研究了Ｎａ＿２ＳｅＯ＿３与ＡＦＢ＿１相互作用对细胞遗传物质的影响。结果表明，一定浓度的Ｎａ＿２ＳｅＯ＿３（１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ）对ＡＦＢ＿１所诱发的ＳＣＥ有明显的抑制作用，但当浓度达到１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ时，细胞增殖受到抑制，到１０￣（－１）ｍｏｌ时细胞出现毒性现象。提示Ｎａ＿２ＳｅＯ＿３具有抑变和细胞毒性双相作用。所以在Ｎａ＿２ＳｅＯ＿３与ＡＦＢ＿１相互作用的ＳＣＥ实验中应避免Ｎａ＿２ＳｅＯ＿３的浓度过高而损伤培养的细胞。     

NO在外源性自由基损伤内皮细胞中的作用

目的：探讨ＮＯ在外源性自由基损伤内皮细胞（ＥＣ）中的作用。方法：培养的家兔主动脉ＥＣ随机分为四组：１．对照组（Ｃ,ｎ＝６）：２ｍｌＰＢＳ;２．自由基损伤组（Ｘ／ＸＯ,ｎ＝６）：２ｍｌＰＢＳ中加入终浓度为１μｍｏｌ／ｍｌＸ,０．１ＩＵ／ｍｌ的ＸＯ;３．Ｌ－Ａｒｇ组：含终浓度为１０＾－３Ｍ的Ｌ－Ａｒｇ,余同２;４．ＳＮＰ组：含终浓度为１０＾－５Ｍ的ＳＮＰ,余同２。在观察Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ对自由基损伤的作用时     

γ－氨基丁酸A型受体β_1亚单位基因的分离、克隆及cDNA序列分析

报道了大鼠大脑γ－氨基丁酸Ａ型受体β－１亚单位基因的分离、克隆，ｃＤＮＡ序列以及相应的氨基酸序列。结果表明在４４９个氨基酸残基长度的成熟多肽链中含有４个跨越细胞膜的疏水性肽段：Ｍ－１，Ｍ－２，Ｍ－３和Ｍ－４；在Ｍ－３与Ｍ－４之间的细胞内肽段，含有ｃＡＭＰ依赖性丝氨酸磷酸化序列：Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｌａ－Ｓｅｒ；此部位与蛋白激酶Ａ的活性有关，可能与ＧＡＢＡ－Ａ受体被激动后，其信息在细胞内传递的调控有关。     

芍药甙和去芍药甙白芍总甙对佐剂性关节炎大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白介素2的影响

用亚适量刀豆素Ａ（３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）诱导佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生白介素２（ＩＬ－２）。福氏完全佐剂致炎后ｄ１８，ＡＡ大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２显著低于正常对照大鼠，芍药甙（ＰＦ）、去芍药甙白芍总甙（ＴＧＰＲＰＦ）和白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）促进ＡＡ大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２，其量效曲线均呈钟罩形，３种受试物显著促进作用的浓度范围为：ＰＦ２．５～１２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１，ＴＧＰＲＰＦ１２．５～６２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１，ＴＧＰ２．５～６２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。这些结果表明：ＰＦ、ＴＧＰＲＰＦ和ＴＧＰ对ＡＡ大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生ＩＬ－２均具有浓度和机能依赖性的调节作用     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…