Effects of Dan Wei Powder (胆胃散) Tea Bag on Aggregation of Blood Platelet in vivo and in vitro

Objective: To observe effects of Dan Wei Powder (胆胃散 Powder for treating the gall bladder and stomach) Tea Bag (DWSTB) on the aggregation rate of blood platelet in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Increase of the platelet aggregation rate in the rat in vivo was induced by carrageenin, and increase of the rabbit platelet aggregation rate in vitro was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen, respectively. The effects of DWSTB on the platelet aggregation rate were investigated in vivo and in vitro, resp...     

Resveratrol Inhibits the Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Subsequent Proliferation in Human Leukemia U937 Cells

This study examined the effect of resveratrol on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and subsequent proliferation of human leukemia U937 cells,and explored the mechanisms involved.Human leukemia U937 cells were treated with resveratrol of different concentrations(12.5-200 μmol/L) for different time lengths(12-48 h).The proliferation of the U937 leukemic cells was determined by MTT assay.Apoptosis was observed by Annexin-Ⅴ-FIFC/PI double staining and flow cytometry(FCM).Cells cycle was analyzed by PI staining and FCM.The content of VEGF was determined by ELISA.Human umbibical vein endothelial cells were examined for vasoformation in vitro after exposures to resveratrol of various concetrations.The results showed that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of U937 leukemia cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Resveratrol induced apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest in human leukemic U937 cells.Resveratrol inhibited the secretion of VEGF in U937 cells.Resveratrol inhibited the vasoformation of human vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner.It was concluded that resveratrol could down-regulate the secretion of VEGF,induce apoptosis and suppress the proliferation of U937 cells.     

Protein extract of kenaf seed exhibits anticoagulant,antiplatelet and antioxidant activities

Objective:To explore the anticoagulant,antiplatelet and antioxidant activities of protein extract of kenaf seed(PEKS).Methods:Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography techniques were employed for protein characterization.Antioxidant activity of PEKS was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay.The protective effect of PEKS on sodium nitrite(NaNO2)induced oxidative stress was evaluated using the in vitro red blood cell model,while the effect of PEKS on diclofenacinduced oxidative stress was examined in vivo in rats.Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasma were used for anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities of PEKS.Results:PEKS revealed similar protein bands on SDS-PAGE under reduced and non-reduced conditions.Several acidic proteins were present in native PAGE.PEKS showed antioxidant properties by scavenging DPPH with an IC50 of 24.58μg.PEKS exhibited a protective effect on NaNO2 induced oxidative stress in red blood cells by restoring the activity of stress markers.In addition,PEKS alleviated diclofenac-induced tissue damage of the liver,kidney,and small intestine.PEKS showed an anticoagulant effect in both in vivo and in vitro experiments by enhancing normal clotting time.PEKS did not affect prothrombin time but increase activated partial thromboplastin time.Furthermore,PEKS inhibited adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.Conclusions:PEKS protects tissues from oxidative stress and exhibits antithrombotic activity.     

Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor β1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells

Objectives To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells. Methods A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot. Results TGFβ1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFβ1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 in human endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.     

Inhibitory Effects of Qushuanling Capsule (祛栓灵胶囊) on Thrombus Formation and Platelet Aggregation in Rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of Qushuanling Capsule（祛栓灵胶囊,QSLC） on thrombus formation and platelet aggregation in rats.Methods:Arteriovenous bypass,venous thrombosis,and middle cerebral artery thrombosis models were used in rats to investigate the anti-thrombotic effects of QSLC,a compound of nine Chinese herbs.The platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate（ADP）,thrombin or arachidonic acid（AA）,as well as the contents of thromboxane B₂（TXB₂） and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α（6-keto-PGF1α） in rat plasma and aortic walls,were determined to investigate the possible mechanisms of the anti-thrombotic effects of QSLC.Results:After oral administration with QSLC for 7 days,arteriovenous bypass thrombosis was obviously suppressed compared with the model group,venous thrombosis was also obviously suppressed,rat behaviors were obviously improved,and brain infarct size as well as water content were also reduced.The platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin was inhibited by QSLC,but the drug had no effect on AA-induced platelet aggregation and content of TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF1αin plasma and the aortic wall.Conclusion:These results suggest that QSLC can be used in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases,and that its mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of platelet aggregation.     

Emodin inhibits dietary induced atherosclerosis by antioxidation and regulation of the sphingomyelin pathway in rabbits

Emodin is an important component of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese herb. Previous studies in vitro showed that emodin inhibited the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells,1 indicating the possible inhibitive effect of emodin on atherosclerosis. The present research evaluated the effect of emodin on the formation of atherosclerotic lesion induced by high cholesterol and fat diet in rabbits and the mechanism of this effect. METHODS Animal groups and diet Five-month old male New …     

Overexpression of the promyelocytic leukemia gene suppresses growth of human bladder cancer cells by inducing Gl cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Objectives To examine the anti-oncogenic effects of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) on bladder cancer and to explore its molecular mechanisms of growth suppression.Methods Wild-type PML was transfected into bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) and expressed in a replication-deficient adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system and introduced into human bladder cancer cells (5637 cell) in vitro and in vivo. The effect and mechanisms of the PML gene in cell growth, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells were studied using in vitro and in vivo growth assays, soft agar colony-forming assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay.Results Overexpression of PML in 5637 cells significantly reduced their growth rate and clonogenicity on soft agar. PML suppressed bladder cancer cell growth by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated PML ( Ad-PML) significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity and growth of bladder cancer cells. Intratumoral injection of     

Anti-endotoxic shock effects of cyproheptadine in rats

Objective To investigate the antagonistic effect and mechnism of the effect of cyprohe ptadine (Cyp) on endotoxic shock in rats. Methods Endotoxic shock was produced in rats by iv injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (5 mg/kg). Tumor necrosis fator (TNFα) mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot. Plasma TNFα content was measured by radioimmunoassay. P lasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content wer e measured. The intracellular free calcium concentration (［Ca<sup>2+</sup><sub>i</sub>) in single endothelial cells was determined by laser scanning confocal microscop y (LSCM).Results Cyp 5 mg/kg injected immediately after iv LPS raised the mean arterial blood p ressure (MABP) of shocked rats and improved their 24 h survival rate. Meanwhil e, Cyp markedly decreased TNFα mRNA levels in rat liver (18±10 vs LPS+sal ine 38±10, P<0.01) as well as plasma TNFα content ［(7.8±2.4) μg/L vs LPS+saline (21.5±3.2) μg/L, P<0.01)］. It enhanced plasma SOD act ivity ［(1037.2±112.8) NU/L vs LPS+saline (615.4±92.6) NU/L, P<0.01］ , reduced the MDA content ［(5.2±1.1) μmol/L vs LPS+saline (9.8±1.5) μmol/L, P<0.01］, and inhibited TNFα- induced Ca(2+)(i) eleva tion.Conclusion Cyp exerts an anti- endotoxic shock effect by inhibiting TNFα gene expression , enhancing SOD activity, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preventing ［Ca［2+］］i overload.     

小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的新进展

因小儿耳鼻喉手术刺激强,时间短,且常与气道相关,故麻醉的控制有一定难度,现对国内外现阶段小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的改良方法及新观点进行评述,以期对临床工作有较好的指导意义。     

云南省2006年登革热监测分析

目的了解云南省登革热的疫情动态、人群抗体水平、媒介伊蚊种群（包括成幼虫孳生和密度变化）的动态变化、为登革热流行趋势的预测、预警和制定防治对策、措施提供科学依据。方法各级医疗、卫生、检疫机构的医务人员对疑似、临床病例进行及时发现和诊断;在流行季节前随机抽取正常人群血清,-20℃保存,用ELISA方法进行血清学检测;在6～10月采用定时、定点调查法,对登革热的主要传播媒介白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊的种群、孳生环境、伊蚊幼虫指数和成蚊密度进行监测,每月1次。结果2006年云南省发生输入性登革热病例18例;健康人群登革热IgG抗体阳性率8．09％。伊蚊幼虫密度布雷图指数（BI）、容器指数（Cl）分别在14～98、4．7～73．68之间,白纹伊蚊成蚊密度在3．5～34只,人工小时之间。结论云南省输入性登革热疫情有不断上升的趋势;人群抗体水平登革热IgG抗体阳性率较高,提示当地人群中可能存在该病毒的既往感染或隐性感染;媒介伊蚊幼虫布雷图指数、容器指数和白纹伊蚊成蚊密度均较高。对登革热传播具有极高的危险性,应引起高度注意。     

大鼠脑出血灶周围星形胶质细胞内糖原含量的变化

目的：研究脑出血后局部超微结构的变化，探讨脑出血的病理生理过程，为临床治疗提供理论依据．方法：健康雄性SD大鼠4只，随机等分为实验组和对照组．实验组采用细菌胶原酶注射制作纹状体脑出血模型，对照组采用相同方法在相应部位注入等体积生理盐水，采用透射电镜观察脑出血后24h病变局部及其周围和对照组超微结构的变化和糖原的水平变化．结果：电镜观察到在脑出血动物出血灶周围区，不同类型的细胞内均可见到各种各样的超微结构改变．最为醒目的是在脑内血肿周围星形胶质细胞胞质和突起内有大量的糖原颗粒聚集，尤其在毛细血管周围的胶质细胞突起内非常明显；小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞内均未发现明显糖原颗粒存在．在生理盐水对照组动物，相应部位的各种细胞的超微结构正常；而且神经元、各种胶质细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞内均无明显糖原颗粒聚集．结论：脑出血周围糖原含量增高，局部存在明显的糖代谢障碍．     

癫痫发病中突触机制的研究进展

反复的癫痫发作可导致突触蛋白的表达异常、突触重塑和异常神经元网络的形成,这是难治性癫痫的病 理生理学机制之一。近年来发现突触蛋白在原发性癫痫的发病机制中同样发挥重要的作用。多个突触调控蛋白以及 突触后膜受体蛋白表达异常可导致癫痫发作。绝大多数的抗癫痫药物是以离子通道为作用靶点,但卡马西平及唑尼 沙胺可通过影响突触融合蛋白及可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体复合物的功能而发挥抗癫痫作用。 突触囊泡蛋白2A是新型抗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦、布瓦西坦和seletracetam的作用靶点。     

昆明市某高校957名学生失眠症情况调查评估

目的了解昆明市某高校大学生失眠情况及其分布特征.方法对昆明市某高校957名学生进行睡眠质量和失眠相关问题的问卷调查.结果 27.3%的同学有不同程度的失眠,女生失眠率高于男生（P〈0.01）;本科生的失眠检出率高于研究生（P〈0.05）;三年级学生失眠率高于一年级和二年级学生（P=0.01）.不同专业、不同年龄段学生失眠率差异无统计学意义.结论性别、年级、学历是影响高校学生睡眠的主要因素.     

2001年我国医药研究的若干进展

随着国内外生命科学和生物技术等的飞速发展,我国医药技术在2001年取得了长足的进步。提前完成了我国所承担的人类基因组汁划中的1％测序任务,到2000年,中国科学家在功能基因研究和基因组多样性领域共完成研究论文1850篇,遍及医药各领域,研究手段和水平可于国际先进水平媲美,中国完全有条件在“后基因时代”成为主角之一。     

Malocclusions in Xia Dynasty in China

Background  The prevalence of malocclusion in modern population is higher than that in the excavated samples from the ancient times. Presently, the prevalence of juvenile malocclusion in the early stage of permanent teeth is as high as 72.92% in China. This study aimed to observe and evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusions in a sample of Xia Dynasty in China, and to compare these findings with the modern Chinese population.

Methods  The material consisted of 38 male and 18 female protohistoric skulls of Xia Dynasty 4000 years ago. Of 86 dental arches, 29 cases had the jaw relationships. Tooth crowding, diastema, individual tooth malposition and malocclusion were studied.

Results  Of the samples, 23.3% showed tooth alignment problems including crowding (8.1%), diastema (9.3%), and individual tooth malposition (5.8%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 27.6%, mainly presented as Angle Class I.

Conclusions  It is indicated that over thousands of years from Neolithic Age (6000–7000 years ago) to Xia Dynasty (4000 years ago), the prevalence of malocclusion did not change significantly. The prevalence of malocclusion of Xia Dynasty samples was much lower than that of modern population.

     

黄芪在体内抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的:探讨黄芪水提物抗氧化、清除体内自由基的生物活性。方法:将昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组和黄芪低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药7天,采血后,迅速取出肝组织,制成匀浆。测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:黄芪可减少MDA含量,增强SOD活力。结论:黄芪可有效清除体内的氧自由基,具有减少氧化应激引起的器官损伤和延缓机体衰老的作用。