小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的新进展

因小儿耳鼻喉手术刺激强,时间短,且常与气道相关,故麻醉的控制有一定难度,现对国内外现阶段小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的改良方法及新观点进行评述,以期对临床工作有较好的指导意义。     

云南省2006年登革热监测分析

目的了解云南省登革热的疫情动态、人群抗体水平、媒介伊蚊种群（包括成幼虫孳生和密度变化）的动态变化、为登革热流行趋势的预测、预警和制定防治对策、措施提供科学依据。方法各级医疗、卫生、检疫机构的医务人员对疑似、临床病例进行及时发现和诊断;在流行季节前随机抽取正常人群血清,-20℃保存,用ELISA方法进行血清学检测;在6～10月采用定时、定点调查法,对登革热的主要传播媒介白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊的种群、孳生环境、伊蚊幼虫指数和成蚊密度进行监测,每月1次。结果2006年云南省发生输入性登革热病例18例;健康人群登革热IgG抗体阳性率8．09％。伊蚊幼虫密度布雷图指数（BI）、容器指数（Cl）分别在14～98、4．7～73．68之间,白纹伊蚊成蚊密度在3．5～34只,人工小时之间。结论云南省输入性登革热疫情有不断上升的趋势;人群抗体水平登革热IgG抗体阳性率较高,提示当地人群中可能存在该病毒的既往感染或隐性感染;媒介伊蚊幼虫布雷图指数、容器指数和白纹伊蚊成蚊密度均较高。对登革热传播具有极高的危险性,应引起高度注意。     

大鼠脑出血灶周围星形胶质细胞内糖原含量的变化

目的：研究脑出血后局部超微结构的变化，探讨脑出血的病理生理过程，为临床治疗提供理论依据．方法：健康雄性SD大鼠4只，随机等分为实验组和对照组．实验组采用细菌胶原酶注射制作纹状体脑出血模型，对照组采用相同方法在相应部位注入等体积生理盐水，采用透射电镜观察脑出血后24h病变局部及其周围和对照组超微结构的变化和糖原的水平变化．结果：电镜观察到在脑出血动物出血灶周围区，不同类型的细胞内均可见到各种各样的超微结构改变．最为醒目的是在脑内血肿周围星形胶质细胞胞质和突起内有大量的糖原颗粒聚集，尤其在毛细血管周围的胶质细胞突起内非常明显；小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞内均未发现明显糖原颗粒存在．在生理盐水对照组动物，相应部位的各种细胞的超微结构正常；而且神经元、各种胶质细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞内均无明显糖原颗粒聚集．结论：脑出血周围糖原含量增高，局部存在明显的糖代谢障碍．     

昆明市某高校957名学生失眠症情况调查评估

目的了解昆明市某高校大学生失眠情况及其分布特征.方法对昆明市某高校957名学生进行睡眠质量和失眠相关问题的问卷调查.结果 27.3%的同学有不同程度的失眠,女生失眠率高于男生（P〈0.01）;本科生的失眠检出率高于研究生（P〈0.05）;三年级学生失眠率高于一年级和二年级学生（P=0.01）.不同专业、不同年龄段学生失眠率差异无统计学意义.结论性别、年级、学历是影响高校学生睡眠的主要因素.     

西藏林芝地区藏族健康体检人群高尿酸血症分析

目的了解西藏林芝地区藏族人群高尿酸血症的患病情况,为防治高原高尿酸血症和相关疾病提供依据。方法采用尿酸酶法对在某院体检的2867例藏族健康体检者的血尿酸水平进行测定,分析比较不同年龄段（≤30岁、31～40岁、41～50岁、≥51岁）、不同性别血尿酸水平及高尿酸血症检出率。结果2867例中高尿酸血症782例（27.3%）;男性646（22.50%）,女性136例（4.74%）,男女高尿酸血症检出率之比为4.75∶1,男性明显多于女性（χ2=85.5,P＜0.01）。2867例血尿酸水平平均为（369.7±126.8）μmol/L,其中男性、女性血尿酸水平分别为（389.4±141.5）μmol/L和（316.7±89.5）μmol/L,男性明显高于女性（t=16.4,P＜0.05）。结论林芝地区藏族人群高尿酸血症发病率高,严重危害了藏族群众的健康,应该引起高度重视,同时应针对藏族饮食和民族特点开展健康教育以预防和控制高尿酸血症和相关疾病的发生。     

Palpitation in pregnancy: experience in one major hospital in Kuwait

Background

Increased heart rate is a normal physiological adaptation occurring during pregnancy. Some women have severe tachycardia requiring medical attention. Aim of this study is to determine the number of women with benign symptomatic palpitations who receive treatment.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of all women who were referred to our obstetric-medicine clinic for evaluation of palpitation from January 2009 to December 2009 in one major maternity hospital in Kuwait.

Results

A total number of 27 women were identified. Of these, only 7 (25.9%) were given treatment for palpitation. Two were started on digoxin, 3 given propranolol, 1 woman on both propranolol and digoxin and 1 was started on verapamil. Eighteen women had normal deliveries with healthy babies.

Conclusion

Palpitation is a common symptom during pregnancy. However, only a small number of patients receive treatment despite safety of drugs that are used to control tachycardia.     

癫痫发病中突触机制的研究进展

反复的癫痫发作可导致突触蛋白的表达异常、突触重塑和异常神经元网络的形成,这是难治性癫痫的病 理生理学机制之一。近年来发现突触蛋白在原发性癫痫的发病机制中同样发挥重要的作用。多个突触调控蛋白以及 突触后膜受体蛋白表达异常可导致癫痫发作。绝大多数的抗癫痫药物是以离子通道为作用靶点,但卡马西平及唑尼 沙胺可通过影响突触融合蛋白及可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体复合物的功能而发挥抗癫痫作用。 突触囊泡蛋白2A是新型抗癫痫药物左乙拉西坦、布瓦西坦和seletracetam的作用靶点。     

2001年我国医药研究的若干进展

随着国内外生命科学和生物技术等的飞速发展,我国医药技术在2001年取得了长足的进步。提前完成了我国所承担的人类基因组汁划中的1％测序任务,到2000年,中国科学家在功能基因研究和基因组多样性领域共完成研究论文1850篇,遍及医药各领域,研究手段和水平可于国际先进水平媲美,中国完全有条件在“后基因时代”成为主角之一。     

Malocclusions in Xia Dynasty in China

Background  The prevalence of malocclusion in modern population is higher than that in the excavated samples from the ancient times. Presently, the prevalence of juvenile malocclusion in the early stage of permanent teeth is as high as 72.92% in China. This study aimed to observe and evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusions in a sample of Xia Dynasty in China, and to compare these findings with the modern Chinese population.

Methods  The material consisted of 38 male and 18 female protohistoric skulls of Xia Dynasty 4000 years ago. Of 86 dental arches, 29 cases had the jaw relationships. Tooth crowding, diastema, individual tooth malposition and malocclusion were studied.

Results  Of the samples, 23.3% showed tooth alignment problems including crowding (8.1%), diastema (9.3%), and individual tooth malposition (5.8%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 27.6%, mainly presented as Angle Class I.

Conclusions  It is indicated that over thousands of years from Neolithic Age (6000–7000 years ago) to Xia Dynasty (4000 years ago), the prevalence of malocclusion did not change significantly. The prevalence of malocclusion of Xia Dynasty samples was much lower than that of modern population.