舒通胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性实验

目的:观察大鼠长期使用舒通胶囊的毒性反应及其程度,评价其安全性。方法:健康Wistar大鼠80只随机分为高、中、低剂量(6.75 g/kg,4.5 g/kg,3 g/kg)组及蒸馏水对照组,每组20只。各组分别按不同剂量灌胃给药,连续给药8 w,检测血液学、血液生化、脏器系数及组织病理学改变。结果:连续8 w灌胃给药及停药2 w,与空白对照组比较,各剂量组对大鼠的一般状态、体重和重要器官重量系数,均未发现明显毒性作用;病理学检查大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胸腺、肾上腺等组织器官均未发现有明显毒性损伤变化。结论:舒通胶囊在6.75 g/(kg.d)的剂量范围内给大鼠灌胃是安全的。     

肠胃宁胶囊安全性评价研究

目的研究肠胃宁胶囊单次和重复给药的临床前安全性,为临床用药提供参考。方法 40只小鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊组和空白对照组,每组20只小鼠,肠胃宁胶囊给药剂量为32 g/kg,空白对照组给予同体积纯水,详细观察动物体征至药后14 d,剖检肉眼大体观察各脏器形态。120只大鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量组和空白对照组,每组30只大鼠,连续灌胃给药13周,分别于给药13周和停药后4周时取部分大鼠进行血液学指标、血液生化学指标、病理组织学检查。结果肠胃宁胶囊以32 g/kg剂量单日灌胃给药,药后观察至第14天小鼠未见明显毒性反应。肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量连续灌胃给药13周,大鼠体重、血液学、血液生化学指标及组织病理学未见明显毒性反应。结论肠胃宁胶囊小鼠单次给药最大给药量为32 g/kg;大鼠重复给药13周最大无毒反应剂量大于9 g/kg。     

三聚氰胺泌尿系统结石大鼠模型的研究

目的 观察工业原料三聚氰胺连续给药诱发sD大鼠尿结石的成模情况.方法 60日龄SPF级sD大鼠130只,雌雄各半,体质量(200+24)s,随机分为给药5个组和空白对照组各20只,溶媒对照组lO只.给药组分别给予三聚氰胺0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/(kg·d)连续灌胃;溶媒对照组灌胃10 g/L甲基纤维素蒸馏水2 mL/(只·d),空白对照组灌胃无菌水2 mL/(只·d).采用体视显微镜观察大鼠肾脏、输尿管和膀胱形态改变,比较各组肾脏、膀胱的质量和脏器指数,观察大鼠CREA、BUN、UA、Ca、P、Mg含量变化.结果0.4 g/kg组给药20 d,0.2、0.4 s/kg组给药30 d,肌酐高于空白对照组;0.4 g/kg组给药30 d,尿素氮、尿酸高于空白对照组.给药20 d各组血钙、磷、镁均偏低.给药30 d,0.05、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/kg组左肾质量比空白对照组增加.各组肾脏大小、颜色均与正常对照组比较接近,未见结石和明显黄色沉淀物,但有部份肾脏在皮、髓质交界处有点状或片状出血灶.输尿管未见结石.部分膀胱粘膜充血,部分雄性大鼠出现膀胱结石,其中给药20 d各组雄性大鼠出现率为52%(13/25),30 d各组出现率为56%(14/25),膀胱结石颜色多为淡黄色混合白色、白色.结论 (0.05～0.4)g/kg三聚氰胺连续给药30 d,对肾脏损害轻微,可诱发雄性大鼠产生膀胱结石.     

熊胆粉对运动性疲劳大鼠的抗疲劳作用研究

目的:分析熊胆粉用于运动性疲劳大鼠抗疲劳作用及其作用机理,旨在为开发缓解疲劳和提高运动能力的系列天然产品提供可靠的实验室依据。方法:将50只wistar大鼠根据随机数字表法分为五组,每组各10只,分别为空白对照组(未给药未运动)、疲劳模型组(未给药的运动大鼠)、高剂量给药组[2.8 g/(kg·d)熊胆粉]、中剂量给药组[1.4 g/(kg·d)熊胆粉]、低剂量给药组[0.7 g/(kg·d)熊胆粉]。空白对照组和疲劳模型组大鼠每日给予相应剂量的蒸馏水。末次灌胃给予熊胆粉溶液后,将各组大鼠分别置于段氏实验跑台,观察其初始时刻状态,记录并对比各组大鼠跑台运动时间;取血,检测并对比各组大鼠血清血乳酸(BLA)、尿素氮(BUN)表达及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力;取血后将大鼠处死,取大鼠肝脏,精密称取100 mg,另取各实验组大鼠后肢大腿内侧肌肉组织100 mg,检测并对比其肝糖原(LG)、肌糖原(MG)含量。结果:五组运动大鼠中,高剂量给药组运动时间中剂量给药组低剂量给药组疲劳模型组,组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。五组大鼠中,空白对照组血清BLA、BUN表达、LDH活力最低,后依次为高剂量给药组、中剂量给药组、低剂量给药组,疲劳模型组最高。血清BLA、BUN表达五组组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);中剂量给药组与高剂量给药组LDH活力比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。五组大鼠中,高剂量给药组大鼠LG、MG表达均最高,后依次为中剂量给药组、低剂量给药组,疲劳模型组表达均最低;各组MG含量组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);中剂量给药组与低剂量给药组LG含量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其他组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:熊胆粉能够提高运动性疲劳大鼠LDH活力,增加其LG与MG含量,使大鼠BLA含量降低,运动耐力大大增强,药物抗运动性疲劳效果理想。     

芪连消渴胶囊对正常大鼠血糖及24 h代谢的影响

目的:考察芪连消渴胶囊对正常大鼠血糖及24 h代谢的影响,验证其临床使用时的安全性。方法:以葡萄糖氧化酶法测定芪连消渴胶囊和优降糖对正常大鼠血糖的影响;以代谢笼方法观察芪连消渴胶囊(3个剂量组)和优降糖组对正常大鼠饮水量、排尿量、进食量及排便量影响。结果:芪连胶囊的低(0.2 g/kg),中(0.4 g/kg),高(0.8 g/kg)3个给药剂量组对大鼠血糖均无影响(P>0.05),而优降糖给药组大鼠血糖明显下降,与空白对照组有高度显著性差异(P<0.01);芪连消渴胶囊(3个剂量组)和优降糖组对正常大鼠饮水量、排尿量、进食量及排便量均无影响。结论:研究表明芪连胶囊对正常大鼠血糖及24 h代谢没有影响。     

13-甲基肉豆蔻酸对大鼠长期毒性的研究

目的:观察13-甲基肉豆蔻酸(13-MTD)对大鼠有无长期毒性作用,以评价13-MTD的安全性.方法:取SD大鼠80只,随机分为0.75、1.50、3.00g/kg3个剂量组和空白对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半.每天灌胃给药1次,连续给药12周后进行血液学、血液生化学、脏器指数和病理组织学检查.同时进行恢复性观察.结果:除高剂量组大鼠给药期间平均进食量较少、体重增长较慢外,各剂量组大鼠的一般情况、血常规、肝、肾功能、主要脏器指数及病理检查均无明显异常.停药2周后观察未见13-MTD延迟性不良反应.结论:13-MTD以3.00 g/kg相当于临床拟用量150倍给予大鼠连续口服12周,无明显毒性反应.     

降脂片对正常大鼠血脂的影响

目的:观察降脂片对正常大鼠血脂的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为空白对照组,血脂康胶囊组(0.2 g·kg~(-1)),高剂量、中剂量、低剂量降脂片组(3 g·kg~(-1),1.5 g·kg~(-1),0.75 g·kg~(-1))。各组均给予相应的药物21 d,观察其对正常大鼠体质量,血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C),肝脏匀浆液TC、TG及肝脏指数的影响。结果:给药21 d后,与空白组比较,高剂量、中剂量、低剂量降脂片组大鼠体质量、肝脏指数及大鼠血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。给药21 d后,各组大鼠肝脏匀浆TC、TG之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:降脂片对正常大鼠体质量、血脂、肝脏指数无影响。     

葛根素对急性酒精性肝损伤的预防作用

目的观察葛根素对急性酒精肝损伤的预防作用。方法将32只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为4组(空白组、模型组、葛根素高剂量组、葛根素低剂量组),每组8只。葛根素高剂量组给予葛根素0.8 g/kg,葛根素低剂量组给予葛根素0.4 g/kg,连续给药30 d,空白组及模型组给用同等计量的蒸馏水。解剖前,模型组及葛根素高、低剂量组按14 m L/kg体积(56°白酒)经口灌胃,建立急性酒精肝损伤模型;造模后禁食16 h,处死,检测血清中三酰甘油(TG)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平变化,观察肝脏病理学组织变化。结果模型组大鼠血清中TG、ALT、AST均高于空白组(P<0.05),葛根素低剂量组、葛根素高剂量组大鼠血清中TG、ALT、AST均低于模型组(P<0.05),且与空白组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。空白组、模型对照组、葛根素高剂量组、葛根素低剂量组的肝质量/体质量分别为0.033 2±0.001 1、0.039 0±0.005 1、0.034 8±0.002 4、0.033 8±0.001 9,其中模型对照组高于空白组、葛根素高剂量组、葛根素低剂量组(P<0.05),葛根素高剂量组、葛根素低剂量组与空白组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论葛根素可以预防大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤,对肝脏具有保护作用。     

不同剂量生栀子给药对大鼠肝肾毒性影响的实验研究

目的观察不同剂量生栀子长期给药对大鼠肝肾功能及肝肾毒性的影响。方法将40支wistar健康大鼠随机数字表法随机分为高剂量组(8 g/kg/d),中剂量组(4 g/kg/d),低剂量组(2 g/kg/d),及对照组连续灌胃90 d,每周记录大鼠的行为,活动及肝肾功能的生化指标(ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶)、AST(天冬氨酸氨基转移酶)、BUN(尿素氮)、Cr(肌酐)、尿(NAGN-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶)。结果灌胃90 d后,与对照组相比各组血清ALT、AST、Cr、BUN和尿液NAG均升高。结论栀子长期大剂量给药对肝肾功能具有一定的影响。     

丹芍化纤胶囊对大鼠免疫性肝纤维化的防治作用

目的:探讨中药复方制剂丹芍化纤胶囊对大鼠免疫性肝纤维化的防治作用.方法: Wistar 雄性大鼠52只,分正常组、病理模型组、丹芍化纤胶囊低剂量组(0.3g/kg)、中剂量组(0.6g/kg)、高剂量组(0.9g/kg)及秋水仙碱组(0.15mg/kg).除正常组外,各组均腹腔内注射猪血清(0.5ml/只,2次/周,持续12周)诱导大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型,并同时给予相应药物灌胃,持续12周.实验第8、10周检测尿羟脯氨酸排出情况.实验结束后分别检测血清透明质酸(HA)及Ⅳ-型胶原(Ⅳ-C).肝脏常规病理切片行Masson三色法观察纤维化程度.结果:丹芍化纤胶囊中、高剂量给药能增加大鼠尿羟脯氨酸的排出量(P<0.01),降低血清HA和Ⅳ-C浓度 (P<0.01),减轻肝纤维化程度.结论:丹芍化纤胶囊能减轻肝脏损伤,增加胶原降解,具有预防大鼠肝纤维化的作用.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.