血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清脂蛋白的影响

目的:探讨血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清脂蛋白的影响及意义。方法:将行血液透析的CRF患者35例设为观察组,选择同期健康人35例设为对照组,观察血液透析对患者血清脂蛋白的影响。结果:透析前观察组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、白蛋白(Alb)明显低于对照组,血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析前载脂蛋白A(Apo A)及载脂蛋白B(Apo B)水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组透析后Lp(a)、Urea及Cr水平明显低于透析前,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组透析后TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo A、Apo B及Alb与透析前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:血液透析对CRF患者血清脂蛋白的影响较大,需检测血脂水平,预防心脑血管事件。     

慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者血清瘦素的变化及其意义

目的明确慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血液透析(简称"血透”)前后血清瘦素水平的变化,并探讨其与蛋白营养不良的关系.方法以放射免疫分析法测定CRF患者血透前后血清瘦素的浓度,并与正常对照组进行比较,分析其与肾功能及血气分析等指标之间的关系.结果正常对照组血清瘦素浓度为(10.04±7.00)μg/L,血清瘦素浓度与体重指数(BMI)呈明显相关(r=0.41,P＜0.01),且女性血清瘦素浓度较男性高(P＜0.01).血透患者透析前血清瘦素浓度(11.76±12.19)μg/L,与对照组比较无显著差异;透析后血清瘦素浓度为(12.23±14.50)μg/L,与透析前比较亦无显著差异.血透患者血清瘦素浓度仍然与BMI有关,其相关系数为0.39(P＜0.01),这些患者透析前血清瘦素浓度受到年龄、血清白蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮的影响,其回归系数分别为0.2280、0.9025、3.0853和-0.0949,P均＜0.05.结论本组CRF患者血清瘦素水平并不升高,血透前后血清瘦素水平亦无明显变化,血清瘦素在这些患者的蛋白营养不良中并不发挥显著作用.     

血液透析滤过与血液透析疗效对比

目的 探讨血液透析(HD)与血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性HD患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)清除率、透析相关并发症发生率及营养状况的影响.方法 将一般状况相似的维持性HD患者28例随机分为2组,每组各14例,一组行HD治疗,一组行HDF HD治疗,在治疗前及治疗6个月后,分别观察β2-MG清除率、透析相关并发症发生率及血清白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、体质指数(BMI)的变化.结果 HDF HD组β2一MG清除率明显高于HD组(P＜0.05).HDF HD组透析后BMI、Hb、Alb明显高于HD组(P＜0.05).HDF HD较HD可明显降低透析过程中低血压、高血压、心衰、心律失常、心绞痛、皮肤瘙痒、肌肉痉挛等常见并发症发生率(P＜0.05).结论 HDF HD比HD疗效好,能明显减少透析相关并发症发生率,改善营养状况.提高生存质量.     

慢性肾功能衰竭代谢性酸中毒患者血清瘦素水平变化及其意义

目的观察慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)代谢性酸中毒(代酸)患者酸中毒纠正前后血清瘦素浓度的变化,确定这种变化与代谢性酸中毒间的关系及其对蛋白营养不良的影响.方法采用放射免疫分析法测定CRF代酸患者血清瘦素水平,并与正常对照组进行比较,分析其与血生化、血气分析、体重指数(BMI)等指标之间的关系.结果 CRF代酸患者血清瘦素浓度于纠酸前、纠酸后即刻和纠酸后3 d分别为(14.23±12.06)、(14.18±12.58)及(18.73±15.98)μg/L,纠酸后3 d较前明显升高(P＜0.05);且受BMI和血清白蛋白(Alb)的影响,血清瘦素浓度与BMI和Abl间的线性回归方程为血清瘦素(μg/L)=-56.1320+1.6213 BMI(kg/m2)+0.9625 Alb(g/L)(P＜0.01).结论 CRF代谢性酸中毒抑制血清瘦素的分泌,血清瘦素浓度的高低与营养不良无关.     

血液灌流对维持性血液透析患者血浆瘦素及营养状况的影响

目的 探讨血液灌流(HP)对维持性血液透析患者血浆瘦素(Leptin)及营养状况的影响.方法 将48例慢性肾衰竭(CRF)透析患者随机分成两组,血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)治疗组(HP+HD 组)24例,单纯HD治疗组(HD组)24例,分别于治疗前后测定两组患者的血浆瘦素(Leptin)、前清蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、清蛋白(Alb)及血红蛋白(Hb)的水平,对比两组的测定结果并分析各指标间的相关性.结果 治疗前两组患者的血浆Leptin、PA、TRF、Alb及Hb的水平间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后 HP+HD组患者的血浆Leptin水平明显降低,各营养指标明显改善,与HD组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血浆Leptin水平与PA、Alb水平呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 HP能有效清除Leptin,改善患者的营养状况;PA可能是反映早期CRF患者营养状况的指标之一.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清瘦素水平变化及治疗的影响

目的:观察慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清瘦素(Lp)水平变化,以及CRF的治疗如促红素(EPO)、血液透析、肾移植,对CRF患者Lp水平的影响。方法:选择CRF患者(肌酐>5mg/dL)150例(实验组),健康志愿者60例(正常对照组);将实验组分为以下几个亚组:①未透析组;②血液透析组;③肾移植组;再根据EPO治疗情况分EPO治疗组和非EPO治疗组,分别于空腹取静脉血.测定Lp水平。再从血液透析组中选取患者30例(规律透析2～156个月)分为:常规血液透析组、血液透析滤过组和高通量透析组,测量单次透析前后Lp水平。上述分组均按性别、年龄、体重指数匹配原则进行。结果:①CRF患者Lp水平较正常对照组明显增高,有显著性差异;②应用EPO治疗后,CRF患者Lp水平下降;③常规血液透析对CRF患者Lp清除差,而高通量透析、血液透析滤过对CRF患者Lp水平的影响可降低30%,肾移植对CRF患者Lp水平下降有显著差异。结论:CRF患者Lp水平较正常对照组明显增高,高通量透析、血液透析滤过及肾移植可以部分降低CRF患者Lp水平。     

瘦素与慢性肾功能衰竭患者营养不良的关系

目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清瘦素浓度的变化与营养不良之间的关系。方法：CRF组48例，分为血液透析组25例，非透析组23例；正常对照组26例。采用放射免疫法测定血清瘦素水平，同时测定白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白。结果：CRF组血清瘦素浓度显著高于正常对照组。CRF组白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白等营养客观生化指标均显著低下。在血透组，血清瘦素水平与白蛋白呈显著负相关。结论：CRF时存在高瘦素血症，且可能导致营养不良。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的测定及其相关分析

目的研究慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清瘦素(1eptin)与胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的变化及二者的关系.方法采用放射免疫(Radioimmunoassay)法测定56例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,其中A组氮质血症期(16例);B组肾衰竭期(21例);C组尿毒症期(19例)和20例健康对照组血清瘦素与胰岛素样生长因子-1的水平,并分析它们是否相关.结果(1)CRF时血清瘦素与胰岛素样生长因子-1呈显著负相关(r=-0.3756P＜0.01);(2)肾衰竭期和尿毒症期患者血清瘦素水平较正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01);而氮质血症期患者血清瘦素水平虽高于对照组,但无统计学差别(P＞0.05);(3)CRF患者血清IGF-1水平与对照组比较无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05);(4)血清瘦素与体重指数(BMI)呈显著正相关(r=0.5072P＜0.01).结论CRF时血清瘦素与胰岛素样生长因子-1呈高度负相关;而在对照组中二者之间无明显相关性.     

不同血液透析方式对维持性血液透析患者营养状态的影响

目的 探讨不同血液透析方式对维持性血液透析患者营养状态的影响.方法 将28例规律血液透析患者随机分成3组,分别接受血液透析(HD组,10例)、血液透析联合血液透析滤过组(HD+HDF组,8例)和血液透析联合血液灌流(HD+HP组,10例)治疗1年,比较3组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS评分)、血清清蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、血清总铁结合力(TIBC)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、淋巴细胞计数(LC)、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)变化.结果 治疗开始前,3组患者的MIS评分间差异无统计学意义(P=0.821);治疗1年后HDF+HD组及HP+HD组的MIS评分明显低于HD组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而HDF+HD组与HP+HD组比较MIS评分间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗开始前3组患者的ALB、TP、Kt/V、LC、TC、Hb间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗1年后,与HD组相比,HDF+HD组和HP+HD组的ALB、TP、Hb、LC水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而3组患者的Kt/V、TC间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血液透析联合血液透析滤过、血液透析联合血液灌流是可供选择的较好透析方式.     

慢性肾衰竭患者血清甲状旁腺激素和瘦素水平在高通量血液透析前后变化的研究

目的探讨高通透量透析对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)患者血清甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)和瘦素(leptin)水平的影响及其两者的相互关系。方法测定15例CRF高通量透析患者(HPD组)和15例CRF常规透析患者(CHD组)透析前后血清iPTHl、eptin水平及肾功能指标(BUN、Cr)。比较两组各项检测指标水平的下降率,并分析高通量透析前、后血清iPTH和Leptin水平的相互关系。结果CHD组透析后血清iPTHl、eptin水平与透析前无明显变化(P>0.05),而HPD组明显降低(P<0.01);但两组对小分子尿毒症毒素的清除率差异均无显著性(P>0.05);HPD组透析前后血清iPTH和Leptin水平呈负相关(r分别为-0.730和-0.665,P<0.05),且透析后血清iPTH下降率小于leptin下降率(P<0.05)。结论高通量透析能很好地清除CRF患者血清iPTH和leptin;高血清leptin水平与高血清iPTH水平两者可能具有相互桔抗作用。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…