孕妇HBIG治疗后血中HBV DNA水平与HBV母婴宫内感染的研究

目的:研究乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的孕妇行HBIG被动免疫阻断后血中HBV DNA水平与母婴宫内感染HBV的关系,寻找不发生宫内感染HBV的安全阈值.方法:对在产前建卡检查的孕妇中筛查出HBsAg阳性孕妇200例,按自愿的原则根据是否行产前HBIG被动免疫阻断而分组,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测2组在孕12周时和分娩时血清中HBV DNA水平及其对应的婴儿脐带血中HBV DNA水平. 结果:随着孕妇血中HBV DNA水平的增高,胎儿发生宫内感染率有增高的趋势, 产前HBIG被动免疫阻断组与对照组的宫内感染率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.49,P<0.05), 孕妇血中HBV DNA水平≤105拷贝/ml时,母婴宫内HBV的感染率为0.结论:孕妇血中HBV DNA水平与是否发生母婴宫内感染HBV密切相关,孕期定期注射HBIG可以有效的降低宫内感染率,不发生宫内感染HBV的安全阈值为孕妇血中HBV DNA水平≤105拷贝/ml.     

乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播高危因素分析及阻断研究

目的：通过对乙肝病毒（HBV）母婴垂直传播进行多因素研究并对主动免疫进行综合评价,以进一步加强对乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播机制的认识,降低HBV母婴垂直传播率。方法：调查研究病例来自三级医院产房无症状HBV携带孕妇及其新生儿86例,根据母亲孕期、新生儿是否进行被动免疫〔注射乙肝高效价免疫球蛋白（HBIG）〕分为免疫阻断组、免疫未阻断组,两组新生儿均按计划免疫要求注射乙肝疫苗,产前、产后及新生儿分别取静脉血检测乙肝标志物（HBVM）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸（HBV-DNA）,对出院产妇及新生儿进行随访。调查、核对、记录所有相关因素,采用SPSS12.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果：母亲血清的HBeAg阳性或HBV-DNA阳性,新生儿的宫内感染明显高于阴性者。母亲孕期、新生儿出生进行被动免疫对乙肝感染率有显著降低作用。产前阻断HBsAg阳性组与HBsAg、HBeAg双阳组所生婴儿宫内感染无显著差异,产前未阻断HBsAg、HBeAg双阳组所生婴儿宫内感染率显著高于HBsAg阳性组。结论：应针对HBV携带者孕妇的高危因素及时进行阻断,可以降低HBV宫内感染率,宫内感染是导致免疫失败的主要原因。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝病毒宫内感染30例临床观察

为观察孕期乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）阻断乙肝病毒宫内感染的疗效，选择2004～2006年血检HBV阳性30例孕期用HBIG阻断母婴垂直传播孕妇，HbsAg阳性阻断组17人，合并HheAg阳性13人。自孕28周起注射HBIG 2001U，每4周1次，共3次，新生儿静脉血查乙肝病毒血清标志物。结果，单一表面抗原阳性孕妇分娩的新生儿HBsAg阳性率为11．1％，合并HbeAg阳性者孕妇分娩的新生儿HBsAg阳性为46．6％，两组比较P=0．049，差异有统计学意义。表明孕妇于孕晚期多次注射HBIG进行被动免疫，可阻断部分乙肝病毒的宫内感染，但HbeAg阳性产妇阻断困难。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白孕期使用阻断乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的临床研究

目的探讨孕期应用乙型肝炎病毒免疫球蛋白对HBsAg阳性孕妇的乙肝病毒(HBV)宫内阻断作用及孕妇血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBVDNA)含量与胎儿宫内感染发生率的关系。方法将130例HBsAg阳性孕妇随机分为三组:治疗组A,45例,于孕20、24、28、32、36周肌肉注射乙肝病毒免疫球蛋白(HBIG)5次;治疗组B,45例,于孕28、32、36周肌肉注射乙肝病毒免疫球蛋白(HBIG)3次;对照组(C组),40例,仅随访不用药。检测孕妇血清中HBVDNA含量及新生儿血清中HBsAg、HBVDNA阳性情况。结果孕期预防性应用HBIG被动免疫组孕妇的宫内感染率分别为13.3%、15.6%,显著低于对照组的32.5%。HBIG治疗可以减低孕妇血清HBVDNA含量,但A、B两组HBVDNA降低程度无明显差异(P>0.05)。根据母体HBVDNA含量分为5×103～4,5×105～6,5×107～8copies/ml三组,各组胎儿宫内感染率为2.2%、13.7%、52.9%,三者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期应用HBIG能显著降低乙肝病毒宫内传播。孕妇血清中高HBVDNA含量是胎儿发生乙型肝炎病毒感染的一个重要因素。     

HBIG联合HBVac阻断HBV宫内感染的研究

目的探讨孕期多次联合注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)和乙型肝炎疫苗(HBVac)阻断乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染效果。方法对30例HBsAg阳性孕妇从孕20周开始联合注射HBIG和HBVac，另23例未行注射的HBsAg阳性孕妇作对照。采用敏感特异的套式聚合酶链反应检测孕妇及新生儿血清及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中HBVDNA。结果阻断组和对照组新生儿血清HBVDNA检出率分别为10％(3／30)和34．8％(8／23)，二组差异显著，而PBMC中HBVDNA检出率二组无显著性差异；阻断组孕妇血清HBVDNA水平下降率38．5％(10／26)，而对照组10．5％(2／19)，差异显著，PBMC中HBVDNA水平二组无显著性差异。结论孕期多次联合注射HBIG和HBVac可有效降低孕妇体内HBVDNA水平，从而降低HBV宫内感染率，但对孕妇PBMC中HBV影响不太，并不降低新生儿PBMC中HBVDNA的检出率。     

191例孕产妇HBV宫内感染危险因素Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨HBsAg与HBV-DNA阳性孕妇发生宫内感染的相关因素及临床特点,分析有效阻断乙型肝炎宫内感染的途径。方法:回顾性分析HBsAg阳性同时HBV-DNA阳性的孕妇191例,将191例孕妇分为感染组(病例组)和未感染组(对照组),比较两组患者的临床特点,通过多因素分析筛选出宫内感染危险因素。结果:191例孕妇中,发生宫内感染17例,HBV宫内感染率为8.9%(17/191)。单因素分析发现产程、HbeAg定量、孕期HBIG应用、HBV-DNA定量是HBsAg阳性孕妇分娩新生儿发生宫内感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。其中HBV-DNA含量是乙型肝炎宫内感染的独立性相关因素(P<0.05),具有早期预警作用。结论:HBsAg与HBV-DNA阳性孕妇及早发现及正确治疗干预对于降低HBV宫内感染尤为重要。     

孕妇HBIG被动免疫阻断HBV母婴垂直传播的临床研究

目的 :研究HBV阳性孕妇孕期应用高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白HBIG预防HBV宫内感染的作用机理。方法 :将 1 0 0例乙肝表面抗原HBsAg阳性孕妇随机分为两组 ,预防组 6 0例 ,于孕 2 8、32、36周肌肉注射HBIG三次 ,每次2 0 0IU ;对照组 4 0例 ,只随访查体不用药。两组孕妇所生婴儿均于出生后 2 4小时内肌肉注射HBIG 1 0 0IU一次 ,注射乙肝疫苗时间和剂量均按正常婴儿的操作方案进行。母儿血清HBsAg ,HBeAg和抗 -HBs用固相放免法检测 ,HBV -DNA用荧光定量PCR检测。结果 :HBIG预防组孕妇的婴儿HBV感染率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;预防组婴儿血清抗 -HBs检出率显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;HBV -DNA含量显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :孕妇于孕期多次注射HBIG进行被动免疫可有效地阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播 ,减少婴儿HBV感染率     

妊娠中期注射HBV免疫球蛋白对其宫内阻断作用

目的探讨妊娠中期开始注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的宫内阻断作用。方法将病人随机分为2组,治疗组32例,孕16周起肌注HBIG,每4周1次至分娩;对照组31例未予用药。结果治疗组孕妇HBV DNA水平比对照组显著下降(t=24.202,P<0.05),其新生儿宫内感染率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.671,P<0.05)。两组孕妇及其新生儿未发现有不良反应。结论HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性孕妇孕中期多次注射HBIG可有效减少HBV宫内感染发生率。     

被动免疫对HBV携带孕妇母婴传播及乳汁中HBVM的影响

目的探讨高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）被动免疫对乙肝病毒（HBV）母婴传播及HBV携带孕妇初乳中HBV感染性标志物（HBVM）的影响。方法将326例HBV携带而肝功能正常的孕妇按知情自愿原则分成2组，其中实验组210例，于孕晚期注射HBIG共3次；对照组116例，孕妇不接受HBIG注射。前瞻性追踪所有孕妇的新生儿外周血HBVM情况及产妇初乳中HBVM及HBV-DNA情况。结果试验组新生儿HBV宫内感染率为10．48％（22／210），对照组新生儿HBV宫内感染率为27．59％（32／116），二者比较差异有统计学意义（P：0．0000）。HBsAg单阳性的220例孕妇中，试验组和对照组新生儿HBV宫内感染率分别为7．64％和26．32％，二者比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．0000）。HBsAg和HBeAg均阳性的106例孕妇中，试验组和对照组新生儿HBV宫内感染率分别为22．73％和32．50％，二者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组产妇初乳中HBsAg阳性率、HBeAg阳性率和HBV．DNA滴度比对照组均低，但二者分别比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论孕晚期HBIG被动免疫仅可降低HBsAg单阳孕妇HBV宫内传播率，而对HBsAg和HBeAg阳性孕妇并无明显阻断作用；HBIG被动免疫对HBV携带产妇初乳中HBVM及HBV-DNA无明显影响。     

应用HBIG阻断新生儿HBV宫内感染的研究

目的 探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对高乙肝病毒(HBV)载量孕妇宫内感染阻断.方法 2009年1月至2012年5月选择我院高HBV载量孕妇139例:HBsAg、HBeAg和(或)抗HBe和抗HBc阳性、HBV-DNA≥1.0×107 拷贝/mL.随机分观察组79例和对照组60例.观察组孕妇28、32、36 w肌注HBIG200IU,对照组孕期不采取特殊措施.二组新生儿出生6 h内肌注HBIG100 IU,乙肝疫苗全程接种,采集出生及12月龄静脉血,检测HBsAg、抗HBs、HBeAg、抗HBe、抗HBc和HBV-DNA.结果 新生儿HBV宫内感染率观察组10.1%(8/79)低于对照组31.7%(19/60),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).新生儿持续至12月龄,HBV慢性感染率观察组8.9%(7/79)低于对照组23.3%(14/60),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HBV阻断率观察组91.1%(72/79)高于对照组76.7%(46/60),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫成功率观察组77.2%(61/79)高于对照组66.7%(40/60),但两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结果 高HBV载量孕妇孕末期应用HBIG可降低新生儿HBV宫内感染率及慢性感染率,提高HBV母婴传播阻断率.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.