头孢呋辛酯片制剂工艺研究

目的：通过选择合适辅料及适当的工艺方法,制备溶出度符合要求的头孢呋辛酯片。方法：考察包括淀粉、微晶纤维素、乳糖、羟丙纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚维酮、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚维酮K30、微粉硅胶、2％HPMC水溶液、5％HPMC水溶液等辅料进行湿法制料压片、粉末直接压片对样品溶出的影响。结果：采用内外加法添加羧甲基淀粉钠,用微粉硅胶吸附原辅材料,湿法制粒压片,片芯迅速崩解为颗粒,然后再将其崩解为细粉,这样有利于颗粒继续崩解成细小颗粒,样品溶出度较为理想,符合质量标准要求。结论：该方法制备工艺简单,设备要求低。且成品合格率高,可用于头孢呋辛酯片的规模化生产。     

头孢呋辛酯片的制备工艺及其稳定性研究

目的：制备头孢呋辛酯片,并评价其稳定性。方法;用正交试验设计方法对处方工艺进行筛选和优化,制备头孢呋辛酯片,并通过加速试验和长期试验考察其稳定性。结果：以优选处方工艺制备 的产品均符合美国药典23版标准,但稳定性试验表明干法制粒者的稳定性明显好于湿法制粒者。结论：制备头孢呋辛酯片 的最优处方工艺为：以微晶纤维素、羧甲淀粉钠和十二烷基硫酸钠为辅料,通过干法制粒 后压片。所得 产品质量稳定,能够替代进口,满足临床用药需要。     

头孢呋辛酯片与新菌灵片的溶出度比较

目的：考察国产头孢呋辛酯片（商品名：希路信）与进口新菌灵片的溶出度是否一致，以探讨国产药品的处方、工艺的可行性。方法：参照ＵＳＰ（２４），照中国药典一九九五年版溶出度测定方法的有关规定。结论：两者的溶出度基本一致，说明国产头孢呋辛酯片的处方、工艺可行。     

小剂量吲哒帕胺片的制备

目的：参考国外吲哒帕胺片说明书的辅料种类优化出最佳处方及工艺参数。方法：以溶出度作为考察指标,对羟丙甲纤维素、乳糖、硬脂酸镁、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等辅料的处方量进行对比试验,筛选出与进口吲达帕胺片溶出曲线相同的处方工艺。结果：最后确定的处方比例为羟丙甲纤维素1.7%、乳糖69.0%、硬脂酸镁0.7%、微晶纤维素17.2%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮5.2%时,各项指标相对其它处方的各项指标最好。结论：以本处方工艺制备的吲达帕胺片剂,溶出度符合规定且与进口片剂溶出曲线相近,稳定性良好。     

奥氮平自制片处方工艺与溶出度研究

[目的]研究奥氮平片剂的处方工艺,比较自制片剂与原研药片剂的溶出度,为奥氮平临床应用提供依据。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法,根据辅料相容性结果,将辅料的用量作为考察因素,分别考察稀释剂、崩解剂、黏合剂及包衣对奥氮平片溶出度的影响,计算累积溶出百分率,筛选出奥氮平片处方中辅料的最佳配比。[结果]以质量分数为51%的乳糖为稀释剂、质量分数为40%的微晶纤维素为干黏合剂、质量分数为6%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液为黏合剂、质量分数为5%的低取代羟丙基纤维素为崩解剂、质量分数为0.5%的硬脂酸镁为润滑剂,以欧伦包衣预混液为包衣材料,自制的奥氮平片溶出度符合《中国药典》(2015版)的规定,其溶出曲线与原研药片剂基本相同。[结论]自制的奥氮平片外观优良、硬度适中,溶出性能与原研药相似,且工艺简单,达到了设计要求。     

阿莫西林分散片的制备及性质考察

目的 分散片是一种快速崩解的新型片剂,制备阿莫西林分散片并观察其崩解速度。方法 通过添加４种不同比例的辅料制备阿莫西林分散片,并与市售的阿莫西林胶囊及粉末剂的溶出速度比较。结果 当低取代烃丙基纤维素和微晶纤维素比例为７：３,海藻酸内量为１％,十二烷基硫酸钠用量为２％时,阿莫西林分散片的崩解时间最短,溶出度明显快于市售胶囊剂型（Ｐ〈０．０５）,与市售粉末剂相当（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 经４种不同辅料制     

头孢呋辛与头孢呋辛酯治疗细菌感染性疾病及体外抗菌作用

目的：观察头孢呋辛／头孢呋辛酯（cefuroxime）治疗细菌性感染疾病的疗效及体外抗菌作用。方法：细菌感染性疾病病人60例，男36例，女24例；年龄（40±6）岁，用头孢呋辛／头孢呋辛酯（1．0～3．0）g加入5％葡萄糖液250raL中，2次／日，静脉滴注，（3～7）d为一个疗程。结果：总有效率为86％。43例菌株以头孢呋辛／头孢呋辛酯与氨苄西林，头孢唑林对照作体外抗菌试验，经X^2检验P〈0．01。结论：头孢呋辛／头孢呋辛酯治疗细菌感染性疾病疗效好，体外抗菌作用优于氨苄西林及头孢唑林。     

盐酸氟桂利嗪口腔崩解片的制备及质量评价

目的：研究盐酸氟桂利嗪口腔崩解片的处方及制备工艺,并对其进行质量评价。方法：通过考察辅料种类及不同用量对制剂崩解时限和口感的影响,用正交试验筛选最优处方;直接压片制备口腔崩解片,并测定其有关质量指标。结果：通过筛选的优化处方为：盐酸氟桂利嗪5．94g、微晶纤维素36卧甘露醇60g、乳糖3．66g、PVPP12g、矫味剂1．2g、润滑剂1．2g,共制1000片。选择的最佳工艺条件为：过筛次数为3次,硬度控制在30～40N,制备的口腔崩解片口感良好,体内外崩解时限均小于30s,在3min内累积溶出度达95％以上,含量均匀度小于15％。结论：处方合理,制备工艺简便,测定方法可靠,结果准确。     

提高黄豆苷元片溶出度的工艺研究

用不同比例分散物和一定的辅料直接混合压片制成黄豆苷元片，其溶出度随分散物比例不同而不同，分散物比例为1：9时，其溶出度高达90％以上，含量检查合格。并考察了片剂的崩解度及硬度，发现分散物比例对工艺过程及片剂崩解和硬度有一定影响。     

头孢呋辛酯与头孢克洛对照治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的：评价头孢呋辛酯与头孢克洛随机对照治疗下呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。方法：轻、中度下呼吸道感染患者78例随机分成2组,头孢呋辛酯组（40例）予头孢呋辛酯500mg,口服,2次／d;头孢克洛组（38例）予头孢克洛500mg,口服,3次／d。2组均以7～14d为1个疗程。结果：头孢呋辛酯组与头孢克洛组的临床有效率分别为92．5％与92．11％（P〉0．05）,细菌清除率为90．32％与89．66％（P〉0．05）,2组均无明显不良反应。结论：头孢呋辛酯可作为治疗轻、中度下呼吸道感染有效和安全的抗生素。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…