正常关节和骨关节炎软骨细胞凋亡和超微结构的研究

目的 探讨正常关节和骨关节炎（OA）软骨细胞凋亡和超微结构的变化,以及正常关节和OA关节软骨细胞体外培养的凋亡来分析骨关节炎可能的发病机制。方法 胡氏造模法制作新西兰大白兔OA模型,3周后切取关节软骨,末端原位标记染色法分析正常关节软骨,骨关节炎软骨的细胞凋亡。分离关节软骨细胞体外培养,然后通过钙黄绿素和双FITC-AI双染色,分析软骨细胞的活力和凋亡情况,同时切取关节软骨细胞行透射电镜分析软骨细胞中一些超微结构的变化。结果 发现OA组软骨中凋亡细胞（14.32±3.17）比正常组（4.54±1.17）明显增多,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（t''=15.85,P<0.05）;而体外培养的软骨细胞中,OA组分离的软骨细胞存在大量凋亡细胞（83.63±20.11）和正常组（91.45±4.70）比较,差异有统计学意义（t''=2.07,P<0.05）。OA组部分软骨细胞的活力明显增强,OA组为79.45±3.60,正常组为75.60±5.33（t=3.28,P<0.01）。在超微结构的研究中,发现大量软骨细胞内的超微结构,有明显的变化,特别是线粒体在正常组为7.3±2.3,而OA为3.4±1.7,明显减少,比较差异有统计学意义。OA组染色质边缘化,空泡化和分布异常也非常明显。结论 在OA模型中,存在软骨细胞大量凋亡现象,通过超微结构现象分析凋亡细胞增多同时存在染色质的减少和分布异常,以及一些细胞小体的减少,可能和软骨细胞能量过度代谢和线粒体的减少等有密切的关系。     

大鼠血浆血清对软骨细胞纤维化转变的影响

目的 观察大鼠的血清和血浆对大鼠软骨细胞的增殖,形态改变,基质蛋白及基质调控基因的表达变化。方法 取出生24h SD大鼠关节处软骨,Ⅱ型胶原酶多次消化后获得软骨细胞,取P1代细胞进行实验。软骨细胞分别培养于含10%大鼠血浆（rat plasma,RP）和10%大鼠血清（rat serum,RS）的DMEM低糖培养基中,分别为血浆组和血清组。分别培养24h,镜下观察细胞形态变化,CCK8方法检测24h、48h和72h软骨细胞增殖（A₄₅₀）。细胞免疫荧光、Western blot和定量PCR检测软骨指标Sox9、Ⅱ型胶原、MMP13、Col2a1、A-can、ADAMTS5、MMP9、MMP3的表达。结果 培养于大鼠血清和血浆的培养基中,24h后血清组的软骨细胞由鹅卵石样排列的多角形变成长梭形。血清组24h（0.67±0.01）,48h（1.29±0.05）和72h（1.92±0.03）A₄₅₀值,明显高于血浆组24h（0.43±0.01）,48h（0.72±0.01）和72h（1.27±0.04）A₄₅₀值,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。血清组软骨细胞MMP13和Col1a1表达显著上调,Ⅱ型胶原和Sox9的表达显著下调。PCR结果表明,血清组A-can（0.24±0.01）和Sox9（0.56±0.04）基因表达相对于大鼠血浆组Sox9（1.00±0.05）和A-can（1.00±0.08）表达明显降低,而血清组ADAMTS5（34.51±2.25）和MMP3（40.33±2.43）表达相对于大鼠血浆组ADAMTS5（1.02±0.21）和MMP3（1.00±0.11）表达明显增强,两组间基因表达差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 血清促进软骨细胞转变成纤维样软骨细胞。     

大蒜素对高糖诱导人肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响

目的 探讨大蒜素对高糖诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）转分化的影响。方法 复苏并传代培养HK-2细胞,分为正常糖对照组（NG,5.5mmol/L）、高糖组（HG,25mmol/L）、高糖+不同剂量的大蒜素干预组（HG+2.5、5、10、20μg/ml Allicn）、高糖+JAK2抑制剂AG490组（HG+10μmol/L AG490）。倒置显微镜下观察高糖对细胞形态的影响,细胞免疫荧光检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、E钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagen Ⅰ）的表达变化,荧光定量PCR检测 TGF-β1 mRNA的表达变化,Western blot法检测TGF-β1、p-STAT3、STAT3蛋白的表达变化。结果 与正常对照组相比,高糖刺激后的HK-2细胞的形态发生明显的长梭形改变,上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin表达明显减少,而间充质细胞标志物ɑ-SMA及collagen Ⅰ的表达明显升高（P<0.01）;TGF-β1及p-STAT3的表达明显增高（P<0.05）;而加入大蒜素或JAK2抑制剂AG490后,均能不同程度抑制高糖诱导的HK-2细胞转分化,而且大蒜素可明显抑制TGF-β1及p-STAT3的表达,以20μg/ml尤为显著（P<0.05）。结论 大蒜素可能通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路活化,从而抑制高糖诱导的HK-2细胞转分化。     

软硬食性对生长早期小鼠颞下颌关节髁突软骨中Aggrecan与ADAMTS-5表达的影响

目的 探讨软硬食刺激对聚集蛋白聚糖Aggrecan和ADAMTS-5在生长发育期小鼠颞下颌关节髁突软骨中表达的影响。方法 20只3周龄小鼠随机分成硬食组和软食组,分别给予软食和硬食4周,通过HE染色,实时PCR 检测Aggrecan与ADAMTS-5 mRNA变化以及ADAMTS-5免疫组化检测ADAMTS-5阳性软骨细胞变化。结果 软食组髁突软骨厚度要比硬食组薄;软食组Aggrecan mRNA水平比硬食组降低;ADAMTS-5 mRNA水平及ADAMTS-5阳性软骨细胞软食组要高于硬食组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 软食刺激可能促进髁突软骨ADAMTS-5的基质降解功能,而硬食刺激可能增强髁突软骨基质Aggrecan的合成作用。     

穿透素3对转化生长因子β1诱导的眼眶成纤维细胞纤维化的影响

目的 探索穿透素3（PTX3）对TGF-β诱导的眼眶成纤维细胞（OF）纤维化的作用。方法 以体外培养的甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）患者来源及健康来源OF为研究对象,在培养液中加入人重组PTX3（rhPTX3）蛋白（1 μg/mL）及重组TGF-β1（10 ng/mL）进行刺激,刺激完成后选择特异性抗体标记细胞中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）,通过免疫荧光显微镜观察OF的纤维化程度变化。给予细胞相同的刺激,刺激后通过qRT-PCR检测细胞中α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1（ColIα1）、IL-6 mRNA表达量的变化。结果 TGF-β1可诱导两组OF中α-SMA蛋白表达量增加,细胞呈现纤维化改变,而rhPTX3对该效应未见明显抑制作用。TAO患者来源OF的纤维化效应较健康来源OF无明显差异。TGF-β1可诱导OF纤维化相关蛋白（α-SMA、ColIα1、IL-6）mRNA表达上调。rhPTX3对OF中α-SMA mRNA的表达无明显诱导作用,但共刺激时可增强TGF-β1对α-SMA mRNA的上调效应。rhPTX3可上调ColIα1和IL-6 mRNA的表达,共刺激时可增强TGF-β1对IL-6 mRNA的诱导上调,但对ColIα1 mRNA的上调未见明显影响。结论 rhPTX3对TGF-β1诱导的OF纤维化过程具有潜在的促进作用,说明PTX3可能参与了TAO患者后期视物重影的发病过程,并发挥了正向作用。     

胍丁胺对鞘内吗啡镇痛作用的影响

目的 观察脊髓水平给予胍丁胺对鞘内吗啡镇痛耐受的影响。方法 （1）将24只SD大鼠分为4组：鞘内注射生理盐水（15 μL）对照组,鞘内注射吗啡（15 μg/15 μL）组,鞘内给予胍丁胺（12.5 μg/15 μL）组,鞘内同时给予吗啡（15 μg/5 μL）+胍丁胺（12.5 μg/10 μL）组,每组6只。4组大鼠均于鞘内给药后5 min于跖部皮下注射0.2 mg蜜蜂毒致痛,观察并记录1 h内大鼠的自发缩足反射次数。（2）将24只SD大鼠分为3组：鞘内生理盐水（15 μL）对照组,鞘内吗啡耐受组（每天2次鞘内注射吗啡15 μg/5 μL,连续4 d）,鞘内吗啡耐受＋胍丁胺组（每天2次鞘内注射吗啡15 μg/5 μL,连续4 d,第4天同时注射胍丁胺12.5 μg/10 μL）,每组8只。其中半数大鼠于鞘内给药后检测热刺激潜伏期和机械刺激阈值,另半数大鼠于最后一次给药后10 min经足底皮下注射0.2 mg蜜蜂毒致痛,观察并记录1 h内大鼠的自发缩足反射次数。结果 （1）与对照组比较,鞘内吗啡和胍丁胺联合用药组蜜蜂毒诱致大鼠自发缩足反射次数明显减少 （P<0.05）。（2）在吗啡耐受模型上,胍丁胺+吗啡联合用药组与生理盐水对照组比较,可显著提高大鼠热刺激潜伏期和机械刺激阈值（P<0.05）;同样,胍丁胺+吗啡联合用药组对蜜蜂毒诱致自发痛的抑制作用也显著强于吗啡耐受组,1 h内大鼠自发缩足反射次数明显减少（P<0.05）。结论 鞘内胍丁胺对吗啡镇痛具有协同作用,同时也可翻转鞘内重复注射吗啡所引起的耐受。     

经颅磁刺激联合认知疗法治疗儿童首发抑郁症观察

目的 探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合认知疗法（CBT）治疗首发抑郁障碍的儿童的疗效。方法 选取首发抑郁障碍且未接受过药物治疗的儿童90例,随机分为rTMS+CBP组30例、rTMS组30例及对照组（帕罗西汀组）30例,评价治疗期间儿童抑郁量表（CDI）及不良反应量表（TESS）的变化,观察治疗前及治疗后第1、2、4、8周末患儿抑郁情况的变化及不良反应发生情况。结果 3组患儿经治疗后CDI评分较治疗前都有所下降（F=7.759,P<0.05）,下降的幅度呈现rTMS+CBT组>rTMS组>对照组（F=12.815,P<0.01）。rTMS+CBT组及rTMS组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（χ²=4.265、4.336, P<0.05）,TESS评分也明显低于对照组（t=6.620、6.547,P<0.05）。结论 低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合认知疗法较单纯重复经颅磁刺激及帕罗西汀治疗对抑郁症患儿更有效,不良反应发生率更低,临床值得推广。     

一氧乙酰旋覆花内酯对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的肥大心肌细胞的保护性作用

目的 探讨ABL在心肌细胞肥大中的作用及其机制。方法 体外培养H9C2心肌细胞,血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）构建心肌细胞肥大模型;模型组给予1μmol/L AngⅡ刺激24h、ABL处理组给予AngⅡ刺激,同时给予5μmol/L和10μmol/L ABL处理24h。采用心肌细胞肌动蛋白α-actinin染色评价心肌细胞大小,采用RT-PCR检测肥厚相关基因心房利钠肽（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肌球蛋白重链β（β-MHC）的表达;蛋白印迹（Western blot）法检测信号通路蛋白的表达。结果 与模型组比较,5μmol/L和10μmol/L ABL处理组心肌细胞面积明显降低（P<0.05）;ANP、BNP、β-MHC肥厚相关基因表达降低（P<0.05）,且其抗心肌细胞肥大呈现剂量依赖性（P<0.05）。Western blot法检测结果显示ABL处理组AMPKa磷酸化水平增高（P<0.05）,而Akt、mTOR、GSK3β的磷酸化明显抑制（P<0.05）;AMPKa拮抗剂Compound C可阻断ABL的心肌保护作用。结论 ABL可通过激活AMPKa信号通路,调节Akt/Mtor/GSK3β对AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大发挥保护性作用。     

重组人肠三叶因子对结肠癌HT-29细胞移行能力的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察重组人肠三叶因子对HT-29细胞移行能力的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法 采用重组表达的人肠三叶因子(rhITF)作为细胞刺激药物, 以传代培养的人结肠癌HT-29细胞株为研究模型。用不同浓度(10、25和50μg/ml) rhITF刺激HT-29细胞, 采用Transwell法观察HT-29细胞移行能力的变化;用50μg/ml rhITF在不同时相点分别刺激HT-29细胞, 分为4、8、12和24h组。通过Western blot法观察黏附蛋白β-catenin、E-cadherin和磷酸化β-catenin的蛋白表达变化。结果 rhITF促细胞移行能力随其浓度的增加而增强, 50μg/ml rhITF组细胞数明显高于阴性对照组、10μg/ml rhITF组和25μg/ml rhITF组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);β-catenin和E-cadherin的蛋白表达均受到rhITF抑制, 与其他组比较, 12h组蛋白表达明显减弱(P<0.05);12h组磷酸化β-catenin 的蛋白表达明显增强(P<0.05)。结论 ITF具有促进HT-29细胞移行的能力, ITF能促使β-catenin磷酸化并抑制β-catenin与E-cadherin的表达。     

米非司酮通过抑制糖皮质激素受体缓解应激后抑郁样行为的研究

目的：探讨米非司酮（mifepristone,RU486）与中缝背核区域内糖皮质激素（glucocorticoid,GC）受体在调控抑郁样行为症状中的作用,为抑郁症的治疗提供新的治疗靶点。方法：将8周龄健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠32只分为对照组（n=8）、模型组 （n=8）、溶媒组（n=8）和RU486组（n=8）。首先采用单一刺激禁锢法建立应激小鼠模型,采用高架十字迷宫实验和悬尾实验检测小鼠行为学改变,然后选取中缝背核脑组织制备冰冻切片,采用免疫荧光染色法检测小胶质细胞和GC受体的激活情况。结果：①高架十字迷宫实验结果表明,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠处于闭臂的时间占比明显增多,差异具有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。悬尾实验结果表明,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠静止时间明显增加,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②免疫荧光染色结果显示,应激后小鼠中缝背核区域内GC受体荧光占比增加（P＜0.05）,同时应激后中缝背核区域内小胶质细胞荧光占比上升（P＜0.05）,且激活荧光占比增多（P＜0.05）。③腹腔注射RU486后,可见中缝背核区域内GC受体荧光占比减少（P＜0.05）,小胶质细胞荧光占比无明显改变（P＞0.05）、激活荧光占比降低（P＜0.05）,抑郁样行为学表现减轻。结论：RU486通过激活中缝背核区域内小胶质细胞,缓解抑郁样行为,为治疗抑郁症提供了新的治疗靶点和治疗药物。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.