高效毛细管电泳法测定尿液中柠檬酸盐、草酸盐的含量

目的 以高效毛细管电泳法测定尿液中柠檬酸盐、草酸盐的含量。方法 以毛细管区带电泳分离分析尿样中的柠檬酸盐、草酸盐，以铬酸钠为紫外吸收剂进行间接紫外检测。结果 柠檬酸根、草酸根阴离子在5min内得到很好的分离，迁移时间分别为3．76、3．14min，柠檬酸根在4．00、40．00μg／m1浓度范围内、草酸根在2．00-40．00μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好，柠檬酸根阴离子最低检测限为2μg／ml、草酸根阴离子的最低检测限为1μg／ml。加样回收率分别为97．53％、99．11％。结论 该方法简单．准确．成本低．可为尿液中柠檬酸盐、草酸盐的直接测定提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定草酸钙结石大鼠尿中草酸含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测大鼠尿液中草酸含量。方法 将SPF级雄性健康Wistar大鼠24只采用随机数字表法分为空白对照组(n=12)和乙二醇组(n=12)。空白对照组给予去离子水喂养,每天以1 ml生理盐水灌胃;乙二醇组给予1%乙二醇自由饮水喂养,每天2%氯化铵2 ml灌胃。造模28 d后收集两组大鼠24 h尿液,采用HPLC法测定尿中草酸含量,并与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法的结果进行比较。HPLC法采用色谱柱Aglient 5TC-C₁₈(250×4.6 mm,5 μm),以甲醇(0.1 mol/L)、醋酸铵水溶液(15∶85)为流动相,流速为1.2 ml/min,紫外检测波长为314 nm,柱温20 ℃。结果 大鼠尿液中高、低浓度草酸标准曲线分别为y=5909.1x+378730,R²=0.9984和y=7810.5x-16635,R²=0.9967;最低检测浓度为5 μg/ml,大鼠尿液中草酸高浓度线性范围为62.50~2000.00 μg/ml,低浓度线性范围为6.25~100.00 μg/ml。平均回收率为95.1%,日内及日间精密度分别为3.4%~10.8%和3.8%~9.4%。HPLC法和铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法均显示乙二醇组大鼠尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量显著高于空白对照组[尿草酸浓度:(736.35±254.52)μg/ml比(51.56±36.34)μg/ml,(687.35±234.53)μg/ml比(50.24±42.34)μg/ml;24 h尿草酸含量:(11.23±4.12)mg比(0.87±0.45)mg,(9.89±3.55)mg比(0.77±0.65)mg;P均＜0.01];两种方法检测出的尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。结论 HPLC法简单快速、回收率高、精密度好,与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法检测结果一致,适用于大鼠尿中草酸含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定草酸钙结石大鼠尿中草酸含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测大鼠尿液中草酸含量。方法将SPF级雄性健康Wistar大鼠24只采用随机数字表法分为空白对照组(n=12)和乙二醇组(n=12)。空白对照组给予去离子水喂养,每天以1 ml生理盐水灌胃;乙二醇组给予1%乙二醇自由饮水喂养,每天2%氯化铵2 ml灌胃。造模28 d后收集两组大鼠24 h尿液,采用HPLC法测定尿中草酸含量,并与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法的结果进行比较。HPLC法采用色谱柱Aglient 5TC-C18(250×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇(0.1 mol/L)、醋酸铵水溶液(15∶85)为流动相,流速为1.2 ml/min,紫外检测波长为314 nm,柱温20℃。结果大鼠尿液中高、低浓度草酸标准曲线分别为y=5909.1x+378730,R2=0.9984和y=7810.5x-16635,R2=0.9967;最低检测浓度为5μg/ml,大鼠尿液中草酸高浓度线性范围为62.50~2000.00μg/ml,低浓度线性范围为6.25~100.00μg/ml。平均回收率为95.1%,日内及日间精密度分别为3.4%~10.8%和3.8%~9.4%。HPLC法和铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法均显示乙二醇组大鼠尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量显著高于空白对照组[尿草酸浓度:(736.35±254.52)μg/ml比(51.56±36.34)μg/ml,(687.35±234.53)μg/ml比(50.24±42.34)μg/ml;24 h尿草酸含量:(11.23±4.12)mg比(0.87±0.45)mg,(9.89±3.55)mg比(0.77±0.65)mg;P均<0.01];两种方法检测出的尿草酸浓度和24 h尿草酸含量差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 HPLC法简单快速、回收率高、精密度好,与铬酸钾氧化甲基红催化光度法检测结果一致,适用于大鼠尿中草酸含量的测定。     

骨筋丸胶囊中毒性成分士的宁和马钱子碱的在线富集检测

目的 建立毛细管电泳场放大富集技术同时检测骨筋丸胶囊中有效毒性成分士的宁和马钱子碱的方法.方法 选择未涂渍弹性石英毛细管(50 μm×57 cm,有效分离长度50 cm)为分离通道,20 mmol/L醋酸钠(醋酸调pH 3.8)为运行缓冲溶液;运行电压20 kV;进样电压20 kV,进样时间25 s;在进样之前设定用水冲洗,压力为3.5 kPa,冲洗时间3 s;紫外检测波长260 nm.结果 该方法使士的宁和马钱子碱的检测灵敏度分别提高了600倍和400倍.士的宁在14.8～940.0 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),最低检测限为1.48 μg/L,平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为1.9%;马钱子碱在17.2～1090.0 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为2.58 μg/L,平均回收率为98.5%,RSD为1.8%.结论 本方法简便、快速、富集效率高,为骨筋丸胶囊生产过程中的质量控制及临床药物监测提供了一种新的、可靠的分析手段.     

基于RAM-HPLC在线富集技术检测大鼠血浆及尿液中的呋塞米

目的通过柱切换技术建立限进性填料柱-高效液相色谱法,实现在线直接进样并检测大鼠血浆及尿液中的呋塞米。方法
以自制限进填料柱为预处理柱,Luna C18柱为分析柱,预处理流动相为水-甲醇（95∶5,V/V）,含体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸,流速
为1 ml/min;分析流动相为血浆：甲醇- 水（65∶35,V/V）,尿液：甲醇-水（55∶45,V/V）,均含体积百分数为0.1%的甲酸,流速均为
1 ml/min,柱温为25 ℃;检测波长为274 nm。结果呋塞米血浆样品在进样100 μl时,富集效果良好,在0.1~3.2 μg/ml的浓度范
围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9995）,尿液进样20 μl,呋塞米浓度在0.5~32 μg/ml范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9991）,血样
及尿样的三个加标水平下的平均回收率分别为101.82%~113.36%,98.75%~112.27%,日内日间精密度均小于5%。结论药代
动力学参数AUC0→24为6.265 μg/（ml·h）,t1/2为2.447 h,Cmax为1.414 μg/ml;24 h内呋塞米的累积排泄率为32.50%~39.08%。本
方法简单快速,适用于血浆及尿液中呋塞米的直接进样检测。
     

草苔虫内酯冻干脂质体的制备及质量评价

目的:制备草苔虫内酯冻干脂质体,建立该脂质体的质量标准.方法: 采用经典的旋转薄膜分散法制备草苔虫内酯脂质体,以氯仿为脂质溶媒,旋转蒸发挥干有机溶剂,水化后探针超声乳化,加入支撑剂后冻干即得.采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定草苔虫内酯冻干脂质体的含量,以Agilent C18为色谱柱,以甲醇-水75:25(0～38 min),73.7:26.3(38～45 min),79:21(45～48 min)为流动相;柱温为25℃;流速为1.5 ml/min;紫外检测波长为228 nm.采用Zetasizer粒径测定仪测定脂质体粒径;采用离心超滤法测定脂质体的包封率.结果:草苔虫内酯冻干脂质体粒径大小均匀,平均粒径0.423 μm;RP-HPLC法测定,在44～220 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好, r＝0.999 8;日内和日间精密度均良好(RSD＜2%);高、中、低(88、110、132 μg/ml)3个浓度的回收率分别为100.8%、98.4%、100.9%;最低检测限4.4 ng;最低定量限为17.6 ng;脂质体包封率达98.68%.结论:本制备方法适于制备草苔虫内酯脂质体,所建立的分析方法准确可靠,重现性好、操作简便、专属性强,符合质量测定要求.     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中氨苄西林、丙磺舒的浓度研究

目的:建立测定人血清中氨苄西林、丙磺舒浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法:(1)氨苄西林,以诺氟沙星为内标,血清样品用0.6%的高氯酸沉淀蛋白后进行测定;色谱柱为HigginsTMC18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为有机相(甲醇-乙腈-异丙醇,100∶2∶5,v/v):水相(0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾,pH3.5)=23∶77;检测波长210 nm;流速1.0 ml/min;柱温30℃。(2)丙磺舒,以缬沙坦为内标,血清样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后进行测定;色谱柱为HigginsTMC18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为有机相(甲醇-乙腈,400∶275,v/v):水相(乙酸-水,1∶60,v/v)=77∶23;检测波长280 nm;流速1.0 ml/min;柱温30℃。结果:氨苄西林在0.14~11.2μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 5),最低检测限为0.14μg/ml;丙磺舒在0.20~16.0μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 1),最低检测限为0.20μg/ml。结论:高效液相色谱法操作简便、灵敏、专一性好,适用于人体药动学研究。     

高效液相法测定加替沙星尿药浓度

目的　建立反相高效液相色谱法以测定大鼠尿液中加替沙星浓度。方法　尿液样品用二氯甲烷提取 ,以环丙沙星为内标 ,色谱柱 :LichrosorbC1 8,流动相 :甲醇 - 0 .0 1mol/L ,磷酸二氢钾缓冲液 - 0 .5mol/L ,四丁基氢氧化铵溶液 (1 5∶75∶1 .4) ,磷酸调 pH至 2 .6 ;流速为 1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 98nm。 结果　本法在 3 .1 0～ 1 55 .2 μg/ml范围内线性良好 ,r=0 .9995 ,日内RSD为 5 .1 %～ 9.7% ,日间RSD为 5 .7%～ 1 0 .2 % (n =5) ;尿液最低检测浓度为 50ng/ml。 结论　本法测试快速、准确、重现性好     

铜离子络合法测定血浆中司帕沙星的含量

目的 建立铜离子络合法测定血浆中司帕沙星含量.方法 以适量的铜离子与司帕沙星作用,生成稳定的络合物,增强被测药物的灵敏度,采用紫外分光光度法,在297 nm处测定血浆中司帕沙星的含量.结果 司帕沙星在0.6-10 μg/ml范围内线性良好,r=0.991 8,检测限为0.015 9 μg/ml,回收率为98.82%-112.5%.高、中、低三浓度的日内精密度的RSD分别为0.67%,1.15%,7.54%,日间精密度分别为0.51%,2.75%,5.94%.均符合生物样品测定的要求.结论 本法具有快速、简便、准确等特点,可用于临床司帕沙星的血药浓度检测.     

高效液相色谱法检测家兔血浆中酮康唑浓度

目的　建立家兔血浆中酮康唑(ketoconazole)浓度的高效液相色谱检测法。方法　采用HypersilODSC18柱,以甲醇 水 三乙胺(79:2 0 :1)为流动相,紫外检测波长2 4 1nm ,安定为内标,乙醚提取,浓缩后进样。结果　酮康唑与内标分离良好;血浆酮康唑浓度在0 .5～10 0 .0 μg/ml范围内线性良好,r =0 .9996 ;最低检测浓度为0 .2μg/ml;0 .5、5 .0、5 0 .0 μg/ml三种浓度的平均回收率分别为91.2 %、96 .9%和98.7% (n =5 ) ;日内和日间RSD <10 %。结论　该方法操作简便、可靠、取血量少,适用于酮康唑的血药浓度测定和临床生物利用度的研究。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…