司帕沙星注射剂的制备及质量控制

目的 制备司帕沙星注射液,建立质量控制标准.方法 以司帕沙星为原料,葡萄糖酸内酯为酸度调节剂,制成注射剂,用高效液相色谱法测定其含量.结果 司帕沙星注射液在20-60μg/ml范围内重现性良好,平均回收率99.74%,RSD为0.15%.结论 该制剂方法制备方法简单,含量测定准确可靠.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定甲磺酸帕珠沙星原料及其制剂含量

目的采用反相高效液相色谱法测定原料、制剂中甲磺酸帕珠沙星含量。方法色谱柱:Hypersil C18 (5μm,4.6mm×250mm);流动相:0.1%磷酸(加0.0805g磷酸氢二钾)/乙腈(85/15);流速:1.0ml/min;柱温:30℃;紫外检测波长:243nm。结果5-1 000μg/ml内峰面积与测定浓度呈良好的线性关系。样品溶液在15h内稳定,精密度RSD<1.0%,n=5。回收率均值分别为100.08%和99.67%。结论采用反相高效液相色谱法测定原料及其制剂中甲磺酸帕珠沙星含量方法准确,结果可靠。     

国产盐酸加替沙星对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的评价国产盐酸加替沙星 (gatifloxacin)与司帕沙星 (sparfloxacin)对临床分离株的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度 (minimuminhibitoryconcentration ,MIC)。结果盐酸加替沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、不动杆菌、变形杆菌和产气肠杆菌有良好的抗菌活性 ,MIC50 均≤ 0 .0 91 2 μg/ml;其它敏感细菌依次分别为金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .1 4 9μg/ml)、表皮葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .8μg/ml)、铜绿假单胞菌 (MIC50 1 .4 5 2 μg/ml)、阴沟肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 .796 μg/ml)、粪肠球菌 (MIC50 6 .4 μg/ml)、大肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 5 .0 4 6 μg/ml)和枸橼酸杆菌(MIC50 2 9.788μg/ml)。盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株的抑菌作用均相当或高于阳性对照药司帕沙星 ,其中对大肠杆菌高 6倍 ,对表皮葡萄球菌高 3.4倍 ,对肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌高 1倍。结论盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株有着较高的抗菌活性 ,为广谱抗菌药 ,在体外的抗菌作用优于或相当于司帕沙星 ,尤其是对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌明显优于司帕沙星     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氟康唑浓度及其应用

目的:建立测定人血浆中氟康唑浓度的RP-HPLC法,并应用于临床药代动力学研究.方法:采用二氯甲烷萃取,高效液相色谱法检测,以单硝酸异山梨酯为内标,Phenomenx C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4 μm),流动相为乙腈-水-冰醋酸(25:75:0.2),流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为261 nm.结果:血浆中内源性物质不干扰氟康唑的检测,氟康唑的线性范围为0.125～8.000 μg/ml,批内、批间精密度均小于15%,低、中、高浓度的(0.25 μg/ml、1 μg/ml和4 μg/ml)平均提取回收率分别为100.0%、98.8%、86.7%.结论:该法操作快速、简单、准确,符合生物样品检测要求,可用于临床药代动力学研究中大批量血样的处理.     

高效液相色谱手性流动相法拆分甲磺酸帕珠沙星对映体

目的:运用高效液相色谱手性流动相法(HPLC-CMP)来拆分甲磺酸帕珠沙星(pz)对映体.方法:通过正交设计直观分析方法,对影响甲磺酸帕珠沙星对映体分离方法的因素:pH值、Cu2 浓度、L-苯丙氨酸浓度以及有机溶剂的量进行4因素3水平试验,以帕珠沙星对映异构体的保留时间在5～10 min之间的前提下,理论塔板数和分离度分别大于2000和1.5,选取了最优色谱系统.同时,考察了色谱系统方法学.结果:该色谱条件简单,线性响应范围为9.0～90.0 μg/ml(L,D-pz),线性相关系数为RL-pz=0.9998,RD-pz=0.9996,回收率L/D-pz分别为98.8%,RSD=0.86%(n=9)和97.5%,RSD=1.05%(n=9),中间精密度L/D-pz RSD均小于2.0%(n=6).为定量测定甲磺酸帕珠沙星对映异构体提供了依据并控制左旋甲磺酸帕珠沙星样品中右旋异构体的含量.结论:本方法与手性固定相比,可以节约成本,提高效率.     

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定丙帕他莫中3种有机溶剂的残留量

目的 建立丙帕他莫中3种有机溶剂残留量的测定方法.方法 用大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法,以外标法计算残留溶剂的含量.结果 3种有机溶剂均完全分离,乙醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷的线性范围分别为100.72～1007.2 μg/ml(r=0.9997)、103.86～1038.6 μg/ml (r=0.9996)、12.94～129.4 μg/ml(r=0.9997),平均回收率分别为98.9%、99.5%、101.3%,RSD分别为2.1%、1.3%、1.6%.结论 所建方法灵敏、准确,可用于丙帕他莫中3种残留溶剂的同时测定.     

肺炎支原体对大环内酯类和氟喹诺酮类药物敏感性分析

目的 通过检测肺炎支原体(Mp)对大环内酯类药物及喹诺酮类药物的敏感性,为临床治疗提供参考依据.方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法检测7种大环内酯类和3种喹诺酮类药物对45株Mp的MIC.结果 45株Mp对红霉素的耐药率为11.1%,新型大环内脂药物克拉霉素和阿奇霉素抗Mp活性最强,其MIC50分别为0.008 μg/mL和0.016μg/mL,其次是交沙霉素、司帕沙星和加替沙星,其MIC50分别为0.0312μg/mL、0.125μg/mL和0.25μg/mL;而红霉素抗Mp活性最差,MIC50为2μg/mL.结论 Mp对红霉素存在不同程度的耐药.大环内脂类药物克拉霉素抗Mp活性强于阿奇霉素、交沙霉素和红霉素;司帕沙星抗Mp活性强于加替沙星和左氧氟沙星.     

8种氟喹诺酮药物体外抗淋球菌的活性研究

目的　为了解淋球菌对氟喹诺酮的耐药状况 ,指导临床合理用药及开发新一代氟喹诺酮药物提供实验依据。方法　临床标本分离的 80株淋病流行株 ,采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌对 8种氟喹诺酮药物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)及交叉耐药情况。结果　Y98- 11、Y98- 35、Y98- 36、Y98- 48对淋球菌均有很强活性 ,其MIC50均为 0 .0 16μg/ml,MIC90 均为 0 .0 62 5～ 0 .12 5μg/ml。而盐酸环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星存在不同程度耐药 ,其MIC50 分别为 1μg/ml、1μg/ml、0 .5μg/ml、0 .2 5μg/ml,其MIC90 分别为 4 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、2μg/ml、1μg/ml;且耐环丙沙星的淋球菌株 ,对氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星有显著性交叉耐药 ( χ2 =18.37、8.60、6.92 ,P <0 .0 5)。结论　近年来 ,对氟喹诺酮敏感性下降或耐药的淋球菌在我国已出现 ,并存在交叉耐药 ,应引起人们的高度重视 ,但新一代的氟喹诺酮药物仍具有较好的抗菌效果     

光化学荧光法测定血浆中头孢氨苄的含量

目的 建立光化学荧光法测定血浆中头孢氨苄的浓度. 方法 适量供试液于紫外灯下照射一定时间,发生光化学反应,以增强其被测物的荧光强度,在激发波长为340 nm,发射波长为435 nm处测定血浆中药物的浓度. 结果 头孢氨苄在0.001-0.080 mg/ml范围内线性良好,r=0.996 9,检测限为0.37 μg/ml,回收率为87.3%-106.3%.高、中、低三浓度的日内精密度RSD小于1.33%,日间精密度RSD小于1.93%. 结论 本法具有灵敏、简便、准确等特点,可用于临床上头孢氨苄血药浓度的检测.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中奥美拉唑和兰索拉唑

目的:建立用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)同时测定血浆中奥美拉唑和兰索拉唑的方法.方法:血浆中加入奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑和内标泮托拉唑,以乙酸乙酯提取,进行RP-HPLC检测.色谱柱为Shimpark ODS 6 mm×150 mm,10 μm,流动相为甲醇 - 水(含1%三乙胺,用高氯酸调pH至7.0;60∶ 40,V/V),流速为1 ml/min;岛津SPD-6AV可见紫外检测器,检测波长为302 nm,AUFS为0.01.结果:奥美拉唑和兰索拉唑与内标泮托拉唑达基线分离,血浆中奥美拉唑在10～1 000 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于10%,最低检测浓度为5 μg/L.血浆中兰索拉唑在30～1 000 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于10%,最低检测浓度为20 μg/L.结论:该法简单、准确、灵敏,适用于对奥美拉唑及兰索拉唑血药浓度的测定.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.