两品系小鼠食物过敏模型的比较

目的 比较两种不同品系小鼠食物过敏模型的敏感性和肠道菌群变化的差异,旨在为食物过敏模型的建立提供依据.方法 分别对30只4～5周龄BALB/c和KM雌鼠用卵清蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）致敏建立食物过敏模型,ELISA法检测小鼠血清OVA特异性IgE水平;HE染色观察空肠组织形态;采用DGGE技术检测粪便菌群的变化.结果 （1）30只致敏的BALB/c小鼠中有27只血清OVA特异性IgE水平明显升高（P<0.001）,而30只致敏的KM小鼠中有21只,且BALB/c小鼠空肠绒毛炎症细胞浸润、上皮脱落及坏死比KM小鼠明显;（2）食物过敏造模后,BALB/c小鼠肠道菌群的改变明显（P<0.001）,而KM小鼠中仅有均匀度改变显著（P<0.05）;（3）BALB/c小鼠和KM小鼠对照组肠道菌群的丰富度、Shannon指数及均匀度都有差异.结论 BALB/c小鼠对OVA的敏感性高于KM小鼠,不同品系小鼠肠道菌群结构不同,OVA处理后,BALB/c小鼠菌群的改变比KM小鼠更明显.     

CPG寡核苷酸对卵清蛋白致敏幼鼠血清中Th1/Th2细胞因子及肥大细胞趋化蛋白1的影响

目的：利用卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)建立幼鼠食物过敏模型,观察非甲基化胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤寡核苷酸(CPG oligodeo-xynucleotide,CPG-ODN)对OVA致敏的干预作用。方法选用2～3周龄BALB/c雌性幼鼠40只建立幼鼠食物过敏模型,分为对照组、不同剂量OVA致敏组(20μg、50μg和100μg组)及CPG-ODN干预组(50μg OVA + CPG-ODN),每组8只。观察过敏症状并评分;眼球取血,检测血清中OVA-IgE、肥大细胞趋化蛋白1(mast cell chemotactic protein 1,mMCP-1)及Th1/Th2相关细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4的水平;空肠组织行病理学检测。结果除对照组外,致敏组小鼠均出现不同程度过敏症状,空肠表现为Ⅰ型变态反应病理特点,Th2细胞因子、OVA-IgE、mMCP-1水平升高,20μg、50μg致敏组Th1水平降低,50μg致敏组指标改变最显著;与致敏组相比,干预组小鼠过敏症状及病理改变明显减轻,Th2细胞因子、IgE及mMCP-1水平降低,Th1水平升高。结论用50μg OVA建立的BALB/c幼鼠食物过敏模型致敏效果最好,CPG-ODN通过改善Th1/Th2失衡状态,抑制幼鼠食物过敏反应。mMCP-1在过敏性疾病的发生、发展中起重要作用,有望成为食物过敏临床检测指标之一。     

龙虾过敏小鼠模型建立的研究

目的：通过腹腔注射龙虾粗蛋白的致敏方式,建立小鼠龙虾过敏模型,探讨龙虾过敏体外鉴定与评价的方法.方法：将40只雄性Balb/c小鼠分为OVA阳性对照组、Coca＇s液阴性对照组、空白对照组和模型组,以OVA（Ovalbumin,卵清蛋白）、龙虾粗提蛋白,加氢氧化铝佐剂腹腔注射免疫Balb/c小鼠,建立食物过敏动物模型.ELISA法测定第二次致敏激发后血清中IgE与组胺水平并进行被动皮肤过敏试验确定特异性IgE抗体滴度,同时观察脾指数及激发后的过敏症状.结果：末次激发后1 h采血,龙虾粗提蛋白组血清IgE含量为（236.75±73.39） μg/L,与阳性对照OVA组无区别,与阴性对照Coca＇s液组和正常对照组相比则显著升高（P〈0.01）;龙虾粗提蛋白组的组胺含量（406.55±232.79） μg/L与正常对照组相比显著升高（P〈0.01）;被动皮肤过敏试验（PCA）中龙虾粗提蛋白组血清特异性IgE抗体滴度达到1/16;龙虾粗提蛋白组和OVA致敏组小鼠的脾指数明显大于Coca＇s液或正常对照组（P〈0.01）.结论：建立了一种龙虾过敏小鼠模型,通过ELISA测定血清IgE和组胺以及PCA确定特异性IgE抗体滴度可作为一种鉴定与评价龙虾过敏的方法.     

重组Der f1变应原诱导小鼠哮喘模型的建立

目的建立重组粉尘螨Ⅰ类变应原（Der f1）诱导BALB/c小鼠哮喘模型。方法 30只BALB/c小鼠随机分成3组：PBS阴性对照组、卵清蛋白（OVA）阳性对照组、重组Der f1模型组。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测小鼠血清中IgG1、IgG2α和IgE含量,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清液和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17和IFN-γ含量,计数BALF中细胞总数,同时切取小鼠未灌洗侧肺组织进行病理学观察。结果 OVA阳性对照组、重组Der f1模型组小鼠血清中IgG1、IgG2a和IgE含量,脾细胞上清液和BALF中IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17和IFN-γ含量与PBS阴性对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;OVA阳性对照组、重组Der f1模型组小鼠BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数显著高于PBS组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。OVA阳性对照组和重组Der f1模型组小鼠肺部病理改变呈明显的变态反应性炎症。结论用重组Der f1能成功诱导BALB/c小鼠哮喘模型。     

生后早期高氧暴露对卵清蛋白诱导支气管哮喘模型小鼠的影响

目的：探讨生后早期高氧暴露卵清蛋白（ovalbumin,OVA）诱导支气管哮喘模型小鼠的影响。方法：32只雌性BALB/c新生小鼠随机分为4组：空气+PBS组、高氧+PBS组、空气+OVA组、高氧+OVA组,每组8只。高氧+PBS组及高氧+OVA组小鼠置于高氧箱［氧浓度分数（FiO2）≥95%］、空气+PBS组及空气+OVA组置于室内空气（FiO2=21%）中饲养,7 d后4组小鼠同在空气环境下饲养。6周龄后给予空气+OVA组和高氧+OVA组小鼠腹腔注射混悬致敏液［OVA 1 mg/mL + Al（OH）3 1 mg/mL］100 μL致敏及雾化吸入1% OVA激发,同时空气+PBS组和高氧+PBS组给予等量PBS注射;65 d时处死全部动物,进行支气管肺泡灌洗,留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（broncho alveolar lavage fluid,BALF）行白细胞分类计数,ELISA法检测BALF中白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）?5、IL?12、IL?13水平和血清中IgE水平;HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织病理变化。结果：高氧+OVA组较空气+OVA组血清IgE水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数均增加（P＜0.05）,IL?5、IL?13水平升高而IL?12水平降低（P＜0.05）;肺组织病理中大量炎细胞浸润,支气管管腔狭窄,气道壁增厚,气道壁厚度面积占比增加,结构重塑明显;辐射状肺泡计数明显增加（P＜0.05）。结论：生后早期高氧暴露可加重卵清蛋白诱导的支气管哮喘模型小鼠的气道炎症反应,气道结构重塑明显,但肺损伤表现减轻。     

RSV感染哮喘小鼠气道炎症及重构与激素抵抗性的研究

目的观察小鼠哮喘模型感染呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratary syncytial virus，RSV）气道炎症及重构与哮喘治疗激素敏感性之间的联系。方法50只BALB/c小鼠随机分对照组，单纯卵蛋白 (OVA)致敏哮喘组（A组）、OVA致敏哮喘+地塞米松（DEX）组（B组）、OVA致敏哮喘+RSV感染组（C组）、OVA致敏哮喘+RSV感染+ DEX组（D组），每组10只；酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、转化生长因子β₁（TGF-β₁）及γ干扰素（IFN-γ）浓度;病理切片行HE染色、Van Gieson 氏染色，显微镜下观察气管外周炎性分级和气道胶原沉积情况。结果A、C、D组与对照组比较IL-4、IL-5及TGF-β₁浓度升高，气道胶原沉积、炎症浸润加重，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；D组与C组比较，C组与A组比较，TGF-β₁浓度升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），气道炎症及气道胶原沉积加重。结论RSV感染哮喘小鼠可引起明显的Th2细胞炎性反应及气道重构；应用激素干预治疗后，气道炎症及重构进一步加重，表明RSV感染哮喘小鼠对激素治疗敏感性差。     

黄褐毛忍冬总皂苷对卵清蛋白致敏小鼠的抗过敏作用

目的:观察黄褐毛忍冬总皂苷(Ful)对卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠的抗过敏作用,为临床用于治疗食物过敏提供药理学依据.方法:建立BALB/c小鼠食物过敏模型,设过敏反应组(Se),Ful高(H)、中(M)、低(L)浓度组及生理盐水对照组(NS).ELISA测定血清中OVA特异性IgE水平、小肠黏液中总IgA及OVA特异性IgA水平;甲苯胺蓝染色观察空肠及肠系膜肥大细胞,HE染色观察空肠形态;足垫肿胀实验检测迟发型超敏反应.结果:OVA隔日激发3～4次后,Se,L,M组均有3/4以上小鼠出现急性腹泻.高浓度Ful可抑制过敏小鼠腹泻发生,减轻肥大细胞聚集和脱颗粒,降低OVA特异性IgE水平,缓解OVA介导的足垫肿胀反应,减轻小肠绒毛炎症.结论:高浓度Ful可同时缓解食物过敏小鼠IgE介导的及细胞介导的超敏反应.     

不同品系H22肝癌小鼠证候特征的比较研究

目的:观察并比较常用不同品系H22肝癌小鼠中医证候的特征与差异。方法:将KM、BALB/c、ICR、C57共4种品系小鼠各30只,分别随机分成正常对照组10只,肝癌组20只。肝癌组小鼠右腋下接种H22细胞造成荷瘤小鼠模型,观察出瘤后各品系肝癌小鼠生存率差异,采用小鼠四诊工作站及其方法,检测小鼠证候的发生与演变。结果:4种品系小鼠腋下接种后均形成实体瘤。在生存率方面,早期各品系肝癌小鼠无明显差异;中晚期差异大,BALB/c肝癌小鼠最低,ICR与KM肝癌小鼠其次,C57肝癌小鼠最高。瘤体积比较,KM肝癌小鼠增长最快,ICR肝癌小鼠增长最慢。去瘤体质量方面,中晚期各荷瘤小鼠呈现下降趋势,ICR小鼠下降最明显,其次是BALB/c与KM小鼠,C57小鼠去瘤体质量变化小。另外,不同品系肝癌小鼠邪毒证与气虚证贯穿疾病始终,且程度逐渐加重,阴虚证与阳虚证在中晚期发生且逐渐加重,其中BALB/c与ICR肝癌小鼠气虚、阴虚、阳虚最严重。结论:KM、BALB/c、ICR、C57等不同品系H22肝癌小鼠均会自发形成证候,KM小鼠最适合于肝癌证候与辨证论治的研究。     

黄褐毛忍冬总皂苷对卵清蛋白致敏小鼠脾脏T细胞功能亚群的影响

目的:观察黄褐毛忍冬总皂苷(Ful)对卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠脾脏T细胞功能亚群的影响,以探讨FUl的抗过敏机制.方法:建立雌性BALB/c小鼠食物过敏模型,取小鼠24只,均分为3组,即过敏反应组(Se),药物干预组(FUl)和生理盐水对照组(NS).Ful组小鼠自第20日起每日皮下注射Ful 200 mg/kg,共22 d.ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中OVA特异性IgE;流式细胞术检测脾脏CD4 细胞中CD4 CD25 Foxp3 调节性T细胞比例;EHSA法检测脾脏单个核细胞培养上清中IL4,IFN-γ,IL-10水平.结果:小鼠经Ful干预后,与Se组比较,IFN-γ/IL-4升高,OVA特异性IgE水平降低,脾脏CD4 CD25 Foxp3 T细胞占CD4 细胞的比例增高.结论:黄褐毛忍冬总皂苷可诱导OVA致敏小鼠脾脏中CD4 CD25 Foxp3 T细胞,纠正其体内Th1/Th2失衡状态,对缓解IgE介导的食物过敏有利.     

IL-27对哮喘小鼠血清IgE的影响

目的研究IL-27对卵白蛋白（OVA）激发哮喘小鼠血清IgE的影响。方法 24 只雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、哮喘组及IL-27组,每组8只。应用OVA建立哮喘模型,IL-27组小鼠应用1 μg IL-27（溶于 50 μl PBS中）滴鼻给药,ELISA法测定小鼠血清IL-4和 IFN-γ 浓度,荧光酶标法测定小鼠血清总IgE和OVA特异性IgE浓度;计数支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中嗜酸粒细胞数量。结果 IL-27 组小鼠血清IL-4浓度为（45.6±10.1）μg/L,明显低于哮喘组的（79.3±14.8）μg/L（P 〈 0.05）;IL-27 组小鼠血清IFN-γ浓度为（63.8±11.5）μg/L,明显高于哮喘组的（25.7±8.2）μg/L（P 〈 0.05）;IL-27组小鼠血清总IgE和OVA特异性IgE浓度分别为（2.77±0.51）KU/L、（0.48±0.09）KU/L,均明显低于哮喘组的（5.88±0.86）KU/L、（1.89±0.15）KU/L（P均〈0.05）;IL-27组小鼠 BALF中嗜酸粒细胞数量为（2.21±0.33）×107/L,明显低于哮喘组的（12.82 ± 2.17）×107/L（P 〈 0.01）。结论 IL-27可能通过促进IFN-γ合成、抑制IL-4合成,降低哮喘小鼠血清总IgE和OVA特异性IgE浓度,降低BALF中嗜酸粒细胞数量。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…