细辛的长期毒性研究长期大量服用细辛对大鼠肝组织形态学及功能的影响

目的 观察细辛长期毒性对SD大鼠肝组织形态学及功能的影响.方法 将120只SD大鼠称重标记,随机分为细辛低剂量组、细辛中剂量组、细辛高剂量组和正常对照组各30只,各给药组依次按0.18、0.95、1.72g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃;对照组给以等体积(3ml)双重蒸馏水,每日1次,各组连续给药4周,停药后继续观察2周.结果 长期大量服用细辛可轻度影响大鼠的饮食和体重,表现为饮食减少和体重减轻,但停药后即可恢复;对肝组织形态学及肝功能均有影响,以细辛高剂量组为甚:ALT高于对照组(P<0.05),TBIL明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且给药期与恢复期比较有明显差异(P<0.05).结论 细辛长期毒性对SD大鼠肝组织形态学的影响主要表现为急性肝炎样损伤,导致肝细胞膜通透性增加,甚至坏死,且能影响肝脏对胆红素的摄取、结合和排泄功能,但不会产生延迟性毒性反应.     

失笑散颗粒毒性实验

目的:观察失笑散颗粒对大鼠的毒性。方法:取体质量为140~160 g的雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组,每组10只,分别为A组、B组、C组。正常喂养3 d,给药前禁食10 h,A组给药剂量为65.00 g·kg-1,B组剂量为45.50 g·kg-1,C组剂量为31.85 g·kg-1。给药后观察大鼠的一般状态,包括行为活动、皮毛、分泌物、排泄物、中毒及死亡情况。另取体质量为140~160 g的雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成两组,分别为实验组和对照组,称质量并记录,给药前禁食10 h,实验组给予最大剂量失笑散颗粒,一次用量64 g·kg-1,每天给药3次,采取灌胃方式给药,此给药剂量相当于临床成人用量的216.5倍。对照组给予等体积的灭菌纯水灌胃。给药2 h后自由饮水和进食,观察时间为2个月,记录观察期末两组大鼠的体质量、饮食及饮水量。观察期结束后,脱颈椎处死大鼠,解剖各组大鼠,肉眼观察其主要脏器是否有病变,并用电子天平测定心、肝、肾、胃、脾的湿质量,计算各脏器系数并记录。对比各组大鼠血液生化指标检测结果。结果:大鼠的一般情况如下,运动情况:第1次给药后,大鼠无明显异常表现,第2次给药后,部分大鼠在2 min后出现整理毛发,自主活动减少,喜静卧不动,第3次给药后,大鼠活动状态同第2次给药后;排泄物及分泌物:第1次给药后2 h,个别大鼠大便较稀,第2次给药后1 h,个别大鼠大便较稀,第3次给药后大鼠状态同第2次给药后,大鼠分泌物无异常,第2天稀便症状基本消失;无中毒及死亡现象。实验结果表明,失笑散的半数致死量无法得出。实验组与对照组给药前后大鼠的体质量、进食量、饮水量无明显变化,且差异无统计学意义(P0.05);实验组与对照组相比,给药前和给药后大鼠的体质量、进食量、饮水量均无明显变化,且差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);大鼠的心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏的脏器系数均无明显变化,且差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组与对照组相比,大鼠的血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油均无明显变化,且差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:失笑散颗粒剂对实验动物的体质量、进食、饮水及动物脏器无明显不良反应,毒性较小,安全性高,可以为临床用药提供较为可靠的依据。     

清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠p38MAPK和JAK2/STAT3信号通路的干预作用

目的:观察清瘟败毒饮对急性肺损伤(acute lung injury,ALI)大鼠p38MAPK和JAK-STATs信号通路的干预作用,并分析作用机制。方法:50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,即空白对照组,模型组,地塞米松组(0. 27 mg·kg-1),清瘟败毒饮高剂量组(15 g·kg-1)、低剂量组(7. 5 g·kg-1)。每天灌胃给药1次,连续6 d,末次给药0. 5 h后,除空白对照组外,其他各组尾静脉注射内毒素3 mg·kg-1造模。造模24 h后,比较各组大鼠呼吸频率、肺组织干湿质量和血气分析;肺组织HE染色观测病理变化; Western-blot法检测肺组织JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3、A-Raf、p-A-Raf、p38和p-p38蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠呼吸频率显著加快,动脉血PaO_2显著下降(P 0. 01),PaCO_2升高(P 0. 01),肺泡病理结构破坏严重,部分肺不扩张,肺泡隔明显增厚,肺间质及肺泡出现严重水肿,且肺泡中有红细胞渗出及炎症细胞的浸润现像。与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织中JAK2、STAT3、p-JAK2、p-STAT3、p-A-Raf和p-p38蛋白表达水平显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05或P 0. 01)。与模型组比较,清瘟败毒饮高剂量组、低剂量组和地塞米松给药组大鼠肺泡病理损伤明显减轻,呼吸频率显著减慢,动脉血PaO_2显著上升,Pa CO2下降,肺组织JAK2、STAT3、pJAK2、p-STAT3、p-A-Raf和p-p38蛋白表达水平显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05或P 0. 01)。结论:清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症ALI大鼠有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制p38MAPK和JAK-STATs信号通路的传导、降低炎症反应有关。     

尿毒清胶囊及其拆方对5/6肾切除大鼠肾组织TGF-β1 mRNA表达的影响

[目的]观察尿毒清胶囊及其拆方对慢性肾功能哀竭(CRF)模型大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)mRNA表达的影响.[方法]采用5/6肾切除法复制CRF大鼠模型,造模成功的SD大鼠随机分为模型组、黄芪组(剂量1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)、丹参组(剂量为1 g·kg-1·d-1)、大黄组(剂量为1 g·kg-1·d-1)、黄芪丹参大黄组(剂量为1 g·kg-1·d-1)、尿毒清组(剂量为1 g·kg-1·d-1);各给药组灌胃给药6周后,检测各组大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)水平,并采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测各组大鼠肾组织TGF-β1 mRNA的表达水平.[结果]各给药组均可降低血清BUN、SCr水平,与模型组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),其中尿毒清组降低SCr水平作用优于大黄组(P＜0.05);TGF-β1 mRNA在各组肾组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中模型组表达最强烈,尿毒清组和黄芪丹参大黄组表达最轻.[结论]尿毒清治疗CRF的作用与其能下调TGF-β1 mRNA在肾组织中表达有关,且中药复方作用优于单味中药.     

功劳去火片大鼠长期毒性试验研究

目的通过30d给药毒性试验,观察功劳去火片对SD大鼠所产生的各种毒性反应,以评价功劳去火片的安全性。方法SD大鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为4组（空白对照组、功劳去火片高、中、低剂量组）,每组各20只。给药组以功劳去火片按30g、15g、7．5g生药／（kg·d）进行大鼠灌胃（分别相当于临床日用量的80倍、40倍、20倍）,给药30d,于停药次日和停药2w（恢复期）时,各组分别取10只大鼠（雌雄各半）检测血常规、血液生化、脏器系数和脏器组织病理。结果功劳去火片高剂量组对大鼠的摄食量、体质量增长有一定程度的影响,各剂量组血液学、生化指标和脏器系数,与空白对照组比较,差异无统计学意义;病理检查,均未见与药物相关的明显病变;停药后,也未见药物延迟毒性反应。结论功劳去火片临床安全用量为15g生药／（kg·d）以下。     

补肾壮骨冲剂对去势骨质疏松大鼠骨组织形态学的影响

[目的]观察补肾壮骨冲剂对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨组织形态学的影响.[方法]选用SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组,模型组,阳性对照组(仙灵骨葆胶囊,剂量为1.1 g·kg-1·d-1),补肾壮骨冲剂高、低剂量组(中药高、低剂量组,剂量分别为2.5、0.83 g·kg-1·d-1),每组雌雄大鼠各12只.各组在施行去势手术2周...     

健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸诱导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠药效学研究

目的:探讨健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的影响。方法:84只SD大鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,三七脂肝丸组(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1),易善复组(136.8×10-3g·kg-1·d-1),健脾疏肝颗高、中、低剂量组(18.6、9.3、4.7 g生药·kg-1·d-1)。给药组连续灌胃给药8 d,1次/d,给药容积10 m L·kg-1。给药第8天,给药2 h后,除空白组外,其余各组灌服1%乙硫氨酸15 m L·kg-1,14 h后灌服2%乙硫氨酸18 m L·kg-1,空白组灌服等量蒸馏水。36 h后,测定各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST),并做肝脏HE染色和油红O染色,观察肝脏病理学改变。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT含量明显升高(P0.01),血清AST含量有升高趋势但无统计学差异(P0.05),健脾疏肝颗粒中、低剂量组可以显著降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清ALT含量(P0.05,P0.01),高剂量组有降低大鼠血清ALT含量趋势(P0.05),健脾疏肝颗粒中、低剂量组有降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血清AST含量趋势(P0.05)。病理结果显示,健脾疏肝颗粒可以明显降低非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠脂肪变性程度,对肝小叶结构完整性和肝索排列顺序也有所改善。结论:健脾疏肝颗粒对乙硫氨酸所致非酒精性脂肪肝具有调节脂质代谢、降酶保肝作用,其机制可能与降低相关酶的活性、调节脂质代谢、降低肝细胞脂肪变性程度有关。     

活化蛋白C对体外循环大鼠肺的保护作用

目的:探讨活化蛋白C(APC)对体外循环(CPB)所致肺损伤的保护作用.方法:48只SD大鼠建立CPB模型,随机分为对照组、凝血酶组、APC组、APC+凝血酶组4组,每组12只.CPB开始时分别给药:APC组予APC0.1 mg·kg-1,凝血酶组予凝血酶0.5 U·kg-1,APC+凝血酶组予APC0.1 mg·kg-1+凝血酶0.5 U·kg-1,对照组予等量生理盐水.检测各组CPB术前、术后即刻及术后60 min CD11b/CD18、血浆IL-8、中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE).术后取肺组织称重计算肺湿干重比(W/D).行支气管肺泡灌洗,取灌洗液行白细胞计数、蛋白含量检测,并计算肺毛细血管通透性指数(PMPI);检测肺组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量.取少许肺组织行光镜病理学检查.结果:术后肺组织TNF-α含量、肺泡灌洗液白细胞计数、PMPI、W/D、CD11 b/CD18、IL-8、NE含量APC组和APC+凝血酶组明显低于对照组和凝血酶组(P＜0.05).而凝血酶组各指标均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:大鼠CPB转流前给予APC 0.1 mg·kg-1可有效减轻CPB所致全身炎症反应造成的肺损伤,其可能的机制是APC在一定程度上逆转激活的凝血酶对肺的损伤.     

苦参碱对放射性肺损伤大鼠氧化应激抑制作用的实验研究

目的:研究苦参碱对放射性肺损伤SD大鼠肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)活性的影响,探讨苦参碱对放射性肺损伤大鼠氧化应激的抑制作用及其机制.方法:将144只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分配到正常对照组,模型组(单纯照射组),地塞米松组,苦参碱低、中、高浓度治疗组(50、100、200 mg·kg-1·d-1),每组24只.然后对大鼠进行肺部照射,构建大鼠放射性肺损伤实验模型,各组大鼠分别在照射完成第2、4、8、12周随机选取6只大鼠,取其血清,采用比色法检测大鼠血清MDA、SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶GSH-PX的活性.结果:和单纯照射组相比,地塞米松激素组、苦参碱组(50、100、200 mg/kg)SD大鼠肺组织血清MDA含量下降,SOD活性和GSH-PX活性有所升高.结论:中药苦参碱能够降低放射性肺损伤SD大鼠肺组织中MDA的含量,提高SOD活性和GSH-PX活性,从而抑制了放射性肺损伤大鼠的氧化应激反应.     

关节炎慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角谷氨酸天冬氨酸转运体1型的表达

目的:在佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型基础上建立关节炎大鼠慢性吗啡耐受模型,观察兴奋性氨基酸转运体1型(GLAST)在关节炎慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角表达变化,探讨GLAST在吗啡耐受形成机制中的作用.方法:将36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组(n=6),行鞘内置管.其中4组制成佐剂性关节炎模型,分别经鞘内给予生理盐水(A组)、吗啡10μg·kg-1(B组)、吗啡20 μg·kg-1(C组)、吗啡10 μg·kg-1+纳洛酮10μg·kg-1(D组),另外两组非致炎大鼠分别经鞘内给予生理盐水(E组)、吗啡20μg·kg-1(F组).各组给药均为1日2次,连续7 d.动态检测大鼠50%缩爪阈值,以免疫组化方法检测脊髓背角GLAST表达.结果:B、C两组关节炎大鼠在鞘内给予吗啡第7天形成较稳定的吗啡耐受,其脊髓背角GLAST表达下调.结论:脊髓GLAST可能参与炎性痛大鼠慢性吗啡耐受的形成机制.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.