Linker for activation of T cells contributes to airway inflammation in an asthmatic mouse model

Background Allergic asthma is associated with airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness caused by dysregulated production of cytokines secreted by allergen-specific helper T-type 2 （Th2） cells. The linker for activation of T cells （LAT） is a membrane-associated adaptor protein, which has been shown to take part in regulating T cell receptor （TCR） signaling and T cell homeostasis. In this study, we established an asthmatic mouse model to examine the changes in LAT levels during allergic airway disease and the effects of LAT transgenic expression on airway inflammation. Methods T cells from mouse lung tissues were isolated from allergen challenged （ovalbumin （OVA）） and control mice, and the purity of these isolated T cells was examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter （FACS）. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of the LAT gene and LAT protein, respectively. After an intranasally administered mixture of pCMV-HA-LAT plasmid and Lipofectamine 2000, 24 hours before and 72 hours after allergen challenge, the BALF cell count and the differential cytologies were studied. In addition, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in the BALF were determined by ELISA, and pathological changes in lung tissues were observed. Results LAT protein and mRNA expression were decreased in lung T cells in a mouse model of allergen-induced airway disease. After intranasal administration of pCMV-HA-LAT, histopathological examination of the lungs showed that intervention with LAT overexpression prevented mice from developing airway inflammation, and the number of total cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the BALF was reduced significantly compared with the OVA sensitized and challenged group. In addition, the Th2 cytokine IL-4 decreased, while the Thl cytokine IFN-γ increased compared to the OVA sensitized and challenged group or the OVA sensitized group plus pCMV-HA treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that LAT might effectively diminish Th2 cytokine responses, lung histopathological changes and lung inflammation to allergen challenge in a model of expedmentally induced asthma.     

孟鲁司特对哮喘大鼠瘦素、STAT3及IL-6含量的影响

目的：研究leptin、STAT3及IL-6在哮喘大鼠肺组织的表达，探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特对leptin，STAT3和IL-6的影响。方法：24只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、支气管哮喘组和孟鲁司特组，每组8只，用新鲜配制的混悬液（100mgOVA和100mg氧氧化铝干粉加入1ml生理盐水）制成，第一天腹腔注射致敏，然后第15天起超声雾化吸入1％的OVA．生理盐水激发．每天20分钟，一共7天，建立支气管哮喘动物模型。孟鲁司特组在激发哮喘前1．5小时用孟鲁斯特溶于蒸馏水中灌胃1mg／只。末次激发后，左肺做肺泡关灌洗后取右肺中叶组织做免疫组织化学染色。结果：细胞因子leptin、STAT3和IL-6在支气管上皮呈阳性表达，哮喘组表达比正常组明显增多，leptin在孟鲁司特组表达比哮喘组更加增强，而STAT3和IL-6在孟鲁司特组表达都减少。结论：leptin，STAT3和IL-6可能都参与了哮喘气道免疫炎症过程；孟鲁司特可调控JAK—STAT3途径和IL-6的表达，但不能抑制leptin在气道的表达。     

信号转导子和转录激活子5在大鼠哮喘气道炎症中的作用

目的探讨信号转导子和转录激活子5(STAT5)在哮喘气道炎症中的作用。方法SD大鼠随机分成哮喘组和对照组,建立大鼠哮喘模型。用流式细胞仪测定脾细胞STAT5阳性表达水平,酶联免疫吸附法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素-5(IL-5)浓度,对BALF进行细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)绝对值计数及分类计数。结果2组脾细胞STAT5阳性表达水平具有统计学差异(P<0.01);2组BALF中IL-5浓度、细胞总数、EOS绝对值计数及分类计数均具有统计学差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。哮喘组脾细胞STAT5阳性表达水平分别与BALF中IL-5浓度、EOS绝对值计数呈正相关(r=-0.52,P<0.05;r=0.58,P<0.05)。结论STAT5在哮喘大鼠高水平表达,可促进Th2细胞过度增殖并产生IL-5,造成Th2优势分化,进而诱导EOS大量生成,在气管炎症中发挥极为重要的作用。     

Kvl.3通道在哮喘患者外周血T淋巴细胞中的表达及对Th2细胞因子的影响研究

【】目的：检测Kv1.3钾通道在哮喘患者外周血T淋巴细胞中的表达水平,研究Kv1.3钾通道阻滞剂对哮喘患者外周血T淋巴细胞增殖及产生Th2细胞因子的影响,从而探讨Kv1.3钾通道阻滞剂应用于治疗哮喘患者慢性气道炎症的可能。方法：分离哮喘患者及健康对照者的外周血T淋巴细胞,检测T细胞中Kv1.3钾通道的mRNA及蛋白水平,并检测Kv1.3钾通道抑制剂ShK对T细胞增殖及产生Th2细胞因子的作用。结果：哮喘患者外周血T淋巴细胞的Kv1.3水平较健康对照者明显增高,Kv1.3钾通道抑制剂ShK能明显抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖及产生Th2细胞因子的能力。结论：Kv1.3可能是哮喘患者T细胞参与气道炎症的形成及发展的重要蛋白。选择性阻断Kv1.3钾通道可能成为哮喘未来治疗的方向之一。     

Inhibitory effects of sunitinib on ovalbumin-induced chronic experimental asthma in mice

Background Tyrosine kinase signaling cascades play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Sunitinib, a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to exert potent immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects. We investigated whether sunitinib could suppress the progression of airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness （AHR）, and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma.
Methods Ovalbumin （OVA）-sensitized mice were chronically challenged with aerosolized OVA for 8 weeks. Some mice were intragastrically administered with sunitinib （40 mg/kg） daily during the period of OVA challenge. Twelve hours after the last OVA challenge, mice were evaluated for the development of airway inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling. The levels of total serum immunoglobulin E （IgE） and Th2 cytokines （interleukin （IL）-4 and IL-13） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were measured by ELISA. The expression of phosphorylated c-kit protein in the lungs was detected by immunoprecipitation/Western blotting （IP/WB） analysis.
Results Sunitinib significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation, persistent AHR and airway remodeling in chronic experimental asthma. It reduced levels of total serum IgE and BALF Th2 cytokines and also lowered the expression of phosphorylated c-kit protein in remodelled airways.
Conclusions Sunitinib may inhibit the development of airway inflammation, AHR and airway remodeling. It is potentially beneficial to the prevention or treatment of asthma.     

麻杏石甘汤对哮喘大鼠气道上皮STAT6和黏蛋白表达的调控

目的研究麻杏石甘汤对哮喘大鼠气道上皮STAT6及黏蛋白表达的影响,探讨其在哮喘中的作用及可能机制。方法将55只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组：对照组（A组）、哮喘组（B组）以及高、中、低剂量麻杏石甘汤＋哮喘组（C组、D组、E组）。留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）,运用ELISA法检测其中IL-12、IL～13浓度;留取肺组织标本行HE染色观察气道炎症,免疫组化法检测STAT6表达,AB—PAS染色法分析气道黏蛋白表达。结果（1）麻杏石甘汤能降低哮喘组BALF中IL-13浓度,升高IL-12含量且高、中剂量组与哮喘组相比均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）麻杏石甘汤剂量依赖性减少哮喘组气道平滑肌及血管肌层增生,减少周围炎性细胞（嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞）浸润。（3）STAT6蛋白在哮喘大鼠各级气道上皮均有表达,麻杏石甘汤组STAT6含量高于对照组,且高、中剂量组STAT6表达较哮喘组显著降低（P〈0．05）。（4）哮喘组存在气道黏液高分泌,麻杏石甘汤组较对照组黏蛋白表达增多,但较哮喘组明显减少。结论麻杏石甘汤可能通过IL-13／STAT6／黏蛋白途径减轻哮喘大鼠炎症反应、气道黏液高分泌,为哮喘的临床治疗提供新的思路。     

重组葎草花粉主要变应原免疫特性研究

目的鉴定重组葎草花粉主要变应原pTSX2的免疫特性,并初步评价其安全性。方法应用Western blotting鉴定pTSX2
的免疫特性;ELISA法检测经pTSX2免疫的小鼠血清sIgE、sIgG水平;pTSX2免疫治疗小鼠哮喘模型后：ELISA法测定小鼠血
清sIgE、sIgG水平;计数小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞（Eos）比值;ELISA法检测小鼠BALF中及
脾组织匀浆中细胞因子（IL-4、IFN-γ）水平;评价小鼠肺组织炎症程度。结果Western blotting结果显示重组表达的pTSX2可与
70%的葎草花粉特异性过敏的变应性哮喘患者血清发生抗原抗体反应;pTSX2免疫正常小鼠后主要诱导产生血清sIgG;pTSX2
免疫治疗小鼠哮喘模型后：血清中sIgE、sIgG的抗体水平分别为（146.74±28.57）和（548.76±11.98）μg/ml,与哮喘模型组的
（603.06±10.00）和（260.32±6.40）μg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;BALF中细胞总数及Eos百分比与哮喘模型组相比明
显下降（P<0.05）;BALF中IL-4、IFN-γ水平分别为（56.74±28.57）和（49.7±11.98）pg/ml,与哮喘模型组的（89.03±10.00）和
（23.10±6.40）pg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;脾组织匀浆中IL-4、IFN-γ水平分别为（126.24±37.00）和（1547.72±490.43）
pg/ml,与哮喘模型组的（457.95±70.06）和（720.34±93.96）pg/ml相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;肺组织炎症程度减轻。结论
重组葎草花粉主要变应原pTSX2具有较好的免疫治疗作用,且安全性较高,其机制可能是抑制变应原sIgE抗体、诱导变应原
sIgG抗体产生,降低气道炎症细胞浸润,调节Thl/Ih2平衡。
     

咳喘穴位敷贴对哮喘大鼠肺组织JAK1、STAT6表达的影响

目的 观察咳喘穴位敷贴对慢性支气管哮喘大鼠肺组织JAK1、STAT6表达的影响.方法 将40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘模型组、咳喘穴位敷贴组、地塞米松组,每组10只.除对照组外,其余各组采用卵清蛋白致敏并激发的方法 制备慢性支气管哮喘大鼠模型.造模成功后,咳喘穴位敷贴组大鼠相应穴位贴敷咳喘穴位敷贴进行干预治疗,地塞米松组大鼠腹腔注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液0.5 mg/(kg·d).治疗14 d后取大鼠肺组织,HE染色观察肺组织形态学变化,免疫组织化学、Real time PCR检测肺组织JAK1和STAT6蛋白及mRNA的表达水平.结果 与对照组相比,哮喘模型组大鼠肺组织可见大量炎性细胞浸润,气道内有大量分泌物,肺泡结构紊乱;与哮喘模型组相比,咳喘穴位敷贴组和地塞米松组大鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润减少、气道分泌物减少、肺泡排列规则.与对照组相比,哮喘模型组大鼠气道上皮JAK1、STAT6蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.01);与哮喘模型组相比,咳喘穴位敷贴组和地塞米松组大鼠气道上皮JAK1、STAT6蛋白表达下调(P<0.05或P<0.01),JAK1、STAT6 mRNA表达下调(P<0.01).结论 咳喘穴位敷贴能够改善支气管哮喘大鼠支气管及肺组织炎症,其机制可能与降低JAK1、STAT6 mRNA和蛋白表达有关.     

Pollen Extract of Populus deltoides Stimulates Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model

<正>Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing,bronchoconstriction,and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)^[1].In recent years,allergic asthma has become a heated public health problem because of the highly increased incidence and prevalence^[2].The main pathogenesis of asthma is airway inflammation and AHR.AHR is caused by an imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells with predominance to Th2,whereas airway inflammation is cau...     

白细胞介素—10与哮喘炎症发生的研究进展

气道慢性炎症是变应性哮喘的基本特征,也是气道高反应性发生的病理基础。辅助性T淋巴细胞（Th细胞）之Th1细胞因子释放减少,Th2细胞因子上调表达导致体液免疫应答过强,是诱发慢性气道炎症的关键因素,白细胞介素－10具有抑制多种细胞（Th1,Th2,单核巨噬细胞）合成释放促炎性细胞因子的功能,并且参与气道高反应性的形成,其产生也受到炎性介质组胺等细胞因子外因素的调节。     

CpGODN对尘螨哮喘小鼠Foxp3表达的影响

目的研究CpG寡脱氧核苷酸(CpGODN)对尘螨哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2型细胞因子及肺组织中Foxp3蛋白表达的影响。方法用雌性C57BL/6J小鼠建立尘螨哮喘小鼠模型,在抗原致敏阶段加入CpGODN进行干预,并设立GpCODN治疗对照组及布地奈德治疗对照组,观察支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)的变化;用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测BALF中IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ的含量变化;用免疫印迹(Western-blot)法检测肺组织Foxp3蛋白的表达水平。结果与哮喘模型组及GpCODN治疗对照组比较,CpGODN治疗组的BALF中IL-4、IL-5的浓度降低,IFN-γ浓度升高,肺组织中Foxp3蛋白表达增高;相关性分析显示肺组织Foxp3表达与BALF中IFN-γ水平呈正相关,与BALF中IL-4、IL-5水平、EOS绝对值均呈负相关。结论 CpGODN能够改善尘螨哮喘小鼠气道炎症,调节Th1/Th2型细胞因子的平衡,可能是通过诱导Foxp3的表达来起到免疫调节的作用。     

布地奈德抑制支气管哮喘小鼠TSLP及Th2优势免疫作用的研究

目的:研究布地奈德抑制哮喘小鼠Th2优势应答的作用及其机制?方法:选择24只6周龄SPF级BALB/c小鼠,随机分为3组:正常对照组?哮喘模型组?布地奈德组,每组8只?卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发制作哮喘模型?小鼠末次雾化吸入激发24 h后,采用小鼠肺功能仪检测气道对乙酰胆碱(Ach)的阻力;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察气道炎症浸润情况;支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)瑞氏染色计数嗜酸性粒细胞百分比;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清总IgE?BALF液中白细胞介素4(IL-4)和IL-13;免疫印迹(Western blot)测定肺组织胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)表达水平?结果:与正常对照组比较,哮喘模型组气道阻力?气道炎症?血清总IgE?BALF中Th2细胞因子(IL-4?IL-13)以及肺组织TSLP蛋白表达明显增高(P < 0.05)?与哮喘模型组比较,布地奈德组各项观测指标均明显降低(P < 0.05)?结论:布地奈德通过降低肺组织TSLP表达?抑制Th2细胞因子水平而降低哮喘气道炎症和气道高反应性,可能是糖皮质激素治疗哮喘的重要机制?     

调节性树突状细胞对哮喘小鼠气道炎症及白介素12和IgE表达的影响

目的用肺脏基质细胞培养上清液与成熟树突状细胞(mDC)共培养得到的调节性树突状细胞(rDC)回输小鼠,观察其对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的抑制作用及对白介素12(IL-12)、IgE表达的影响。探讨rDC诱导免疫耐受的可能机制,为临床防治哮喘提供新的思路。方法制备C57BL/6小鼠rDC。将40只C57BL/6小鼠分4组,每组10只。分别为正常组、卵清蛋白(OVA)组、mDC组、rDC组。第21天处理全部小鼠,观察各组小鼠肺组织病理学改变,血清及肺泡灌洗液中IL-12及血清IgE的表达。结果 rDC回输后可减轻肺部炎症表现,4组小鼠血清中IL-12、IgE比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中rDC组血清中IL-12的水平高于OVA组,IgE低于OVA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论回输rDC可在一定程度上缓解哮喘小鼠气道的过敏性炎症反应,与上调Th1型细胞因子IL-12、下调IgE的表达有关。     

Active immunotherapy of allergic asthma with a recombinant human interleukin-5 protein as vaccine in a murine model

Background Eosinophils are highly related to allergic asthma inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-5 is the major chemokine of eosinophils, inhibition of the activity of IL-5 thus seems to be a potential approach to asthma therapy. The current study was performed to determine whether a recombinant human IL-5 protein as a xenogeneic vaccine has the capability of inducing anti-asthma activities.Methods Recombinant human IL-5 was used as a protein vaccine. Mouse asthma model was established to observe the anti-asthma activities. Lung histology was observed; eosinophils in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were stained and counted. Airway hyperresponsiveness was determined by whole body plethysmograph. Antibody characters and cytokines were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay.Results Vaccination with recombinant human IL-5 protein as vaccine significantly reduced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, and shifted the cytokine production from Th2 (IL-4) to Th1 (INF-γ) in mice allergic-asthma model. Immunization with recombinant human IL-5 protein vaccine bypassed the immunological tolerance and induced production of polyclonal antibodies that were cross-reactive with murine IL-5.Conclusions Active immunization with xenogeneic homologous IL-5 may be a possible therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma and potentially of other eosinophilic disorders.     

抗小鼠TLR2胞外段单表位抗体TSP-2对OVA诱导的小鼠过敏性哮喘气道炎症的影响

目的观察抗小鼠TLR2胞外段单表位(mTLR2ECD)抗体(TSP-2)对OVA诱导的小鼠过敏性哮喘气道炎症的影响。方法用肺泡灌洗、组织切片及特异染色、免疫组化、ELISA法检测TSP-2对小鼠哮喘模型的气道炎症和炎症细胞的浸润以及肺组织中肺泡及支气管结构的影响。结果发现静脉给予抗体TSP-2能有效抑制气道炎症和炎症细胞的浸润。主要表现在肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞浸润减少、减轻血清中OVA特异性IgE抗体的降低以及抑制OVA诱导的小鼠肺泡毛细血管充血水肿等病理变化。结论抗体TSP-2对过敏性哮喘的病理变化有一定的抑制作用。