经腹壁与经直肠超声结合检查前列腺的应用价值

目的 探讨经腹壁超声和经直肠超声相结合检查前列腺的实用价值。方法 对1239例前列昧肥大病例，先做经腹壁超声检查，再做直肠超声，比较两种超声检查探测前列腺体积差异和对小病灶的显示效果。结果 ①经腹壁超声测得前列昧长径值比经直肠测值大，两者有显著差异，后者测值更准确；②用经腹壁超声测量前列昧宽度，经直肠测量其长度和厚度，这种计算前列腺体积比较准确；③经直肠超声对前列腺结节物的显示率(2l％)比经腹壁超声显示率(16％)高。结论 两种超声连径对前列腺疾病的诊断均有较好实用价值。两种超声捡查相结合对前列腺体积的测量和病变显示更为准确，有助于前列腺癌小病灶的发现。     

纵隔肿瘤的影像对比检查与诊断

目的讨论三种影像检查对纵隔肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性对比研究三种影像检查方法对纵隔肿瘤的定位、定性诊断进行综合评价。 17例单纯作胸部正侧位胸片 ;4 6例作胸部平扫和静脉增强扫描 ;8例作胸部磁共振扫描 ,其中 5例作Gd-DTPA静脉增强 ;5例作系列的平片CT和MRI胸部检查。全部病例通过三种影像检查评价其定位、定性的诊断精确性。结果 17例胸部平片X线结果 :前纵隔肿瘤 13例 ,后纵隔肿瘤 4例。 4 6例作常规胸部平扫和静脉增强扫描。前纵隔肿瘤 2 9例 ,中纵隔肿瘤 7例 ,后纵隔肿瘤 10例。 8例作胸部MRI检查 ,5例前纵隔肿瘤包括前中纵隔肿瘤 4例。 5例系列的平片、CT、MRI检查病例 ,前纵隔肿瘤 4例。对随机抽样的 76例纵隔肿瘤 ,根据三种影像学检查方式 ,CT、MRI对纵隔肿瘤诊断明显优于平片 ,其定位和定性诊断均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,CT与MRI对纵隔肿瘤的定位、定性诊断无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。MRI对纵隔恶性肿瘤的判断高于CT检查 ,两者间存在显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论CT检查对于原发性纵隔肿瘤的定性、定位诊断都有十分有用的价值 ,MRI检查应为CT定性诊断的必要补充     

容积MRI 与1H－MRS 对颞叶癫痫的诊断价值比较

目的: 比较容积MRI 与¹H－MRS 对颞叶癫痫的诊断价值，以期指导癫痫病人选择有价值的确诊方
法。方法: 经临床及EEG 证实为颞叶癫痫的病人50 例。应用3．0T 场强的磁共振设备分别对双侧海马结构进行
容积MRI、¹H－MRS 采集。分析两种方法各自的诊断符合率，然后进行卡方检验。另用3．0T 磁共振设备对43 例
正常志愿者进行容积MRI、¹H－MRS 采集，作为对照组将所得结果与本文参考文献中的正常参考值进行t 检验及
方差分析。结果: 计算出容积MRI 和¹H－MRS 各自的诊断符合率，经卡方检验后P＜0．05，两种方法的诊断符合
率统计学上有显著性差异; 本组正常对照的NAA/( Cho+Cr) 值与参考文献的NAA/( Cho+Cr) 值经方差分析、t 检
验，对照组中值统计学上无显著性差异( P＞0．05) ，对照组的NAA/( Cho+Cr) 值略高于参考文献的值; 对照组左、
右侧海马结构的体积平均值与参考文献中的体积平均值经方差分析、校正t 检验后，右侧P＞0．05，左侧P＜0．05，
右侧海马结构体积的平均值对照组的与参考文献的统计学上无显著性差异，左侧海马结构体积的平均值对照组
的与参考文献的统计学上有显著性差异，对照组的平均值低于参考文献的平均值。结论: 疑诊颞叶癫痫的病人
应优先选择行¹H－MRS 检查，本研究所做的正常对照组的海马结构体积值以及NAA/( Cho+Cr) 比值可以作为癫
痫诊断的参考标准。     

PSA的组织表达、血PSA值及PSAD对前列腺疾病的诊断意义

目的　研究前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)的组织表达、血清水平及抗原密度 (PSAD)对前列腺疾病的诊断意义。方法　对32例良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)、2 2例前列腺上皮内瘤 (PIN)、11例前列腺非典型性腺瘤样增生 (AAH)和 2 0例前列腺癌 (PCa)分别进行PSA免疫组织化学检测、血清PSA值和PSAD的测定。结果　 4组前列腺疾病之间的PSA组织表达均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5)。前列腺良性疾病BPH、PIN和AAH 3组之间的血清PSA值和PSAD也无明显差异 (P >0 0 5)。PCa的血清PSA值和PSAD ,与前列腺良性疾病BPH、PIN、AAH相比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;在 6 5例良性前列腺疾病中 ,有 2 9例血PSA >4ng ml,呈假阳性( 44 6 % ) ,而PSAD >0 15的假阳性仅有 10例 ( 15 4 % )。结论　血PSA值可在筛选前列腺癌时起到一定作用 ;PSAD可作为鉴别前列腺癌的有效指标之一     

移行区指数作为良性前列腺增生的预测指标

目的：探讨经直肠超声(TRUS)测量的前列腺移行区与国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及残余尿量(PVR)之间的关系，以及移行区指数(TZI)在评估良性前列腺增生(BPH)中的价值。方法：286例BPH患者进行IPSS评分、Qmax及PVR测量，TRUS测量前列腺体积(TPV)及移行区体积(TZV)，计算移行区指数(TZI=TZV／TPV)。结果：TPV与IPSS(r=0．092，P＞0．05)、Qmax(r=-0．125，P＞0．05)、PVR(r=0．426，P＞0．001)之间均无显著相关性;TZV与IPSS(r=0．385，P＜0．01)、Qmax(r＝-0．412，P＜0．001)、PVR(r=0．426，P＜0．001)之间有显著相关性。TZI与IPSS(r=0．436，P＜0．001)、Qmax(r=-0．534，P＜0．001)、PVR(r=0．528，P＜0．001)之间有显著相关性。TZI＞0．50的患者与TZI＜0．50的患者相比，IRSS、Qmax及PVR差异有显著性(P＜0．01)。结论：移行区指数与BPH的症状相关，且可有效评估梗阻的严重程度。     

MRI、MSCT、TRUS在直肠癌术前分期上的应用研究

目的探讨磁共振（MRI）、多层螺旋CT（MSCT）、经直肠超声（TRUS）在直肠癌术前分期评价上的临床应用价值。方法选择经手术治疗的直肠癌患者47例。所有患者在术前联合进行MRI、MSCT、TRUS检查。检查后分别单独依据MPd、MSCT、TEUS以及综合各种影像学方法对直肠癌进行影像学T分期和N分期,并与手术病理分期对照。结果术前MEI、TRUS和MSCT的T分期准确度分别为8723％（41／47）、7660％（36／47）和7872％（57／47）,Kappa值分别为0．776、0600和0．590（P均〈0.001）;术前MRI、TRUS和MSCT的N分期准确度分别为6596％（31／47）、59.57％（28／47）和57.45％（27／47）,KaPPa值分别为0.453、0.561和0.352（P均〈0.001）。依据影像学方法综合评价直肠癌T分期和N分期的准确度分别为91．49％（45／47）和7234％（34／47）。结论MPd、MSCT、TRUS在直肠癌术前分期上,具有突出的临床应用价值。     

经直肠超声在前列腺疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨经直肠超声(TRUS)在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法:对我院前列腺疾病患者分别进行经腹及经直肠超声检查,观察对比二维超声、彩色血流及血流动力学特点。结果:TRUS检查前列腺能对整个前列腺进行全方面的观察,且探头频率高、分辨率好,图像质量优良,血流动力学测定准确可靠,细小病变容易发现。结论:TRUS检查前列腺疾病是目前临床上探查前列腺的最佳途径。     

四肢骨肉瘤新辅助化疗后影像学表现与大体标本的相关性研究

目的探讨四肢髓内型骨肉瘤新辅助化疗后影像学表现与大体标本的相关性。方法选取我科2005年9月-2006年12月四肢髓内型骨肉瘤17例,经全身大剂量三疗程化疗后,常规行术前MRI平扫,术后取沿冠状面剖开的1／2大体标本固定备用,再对留取标本行DR及CT检查,通过分区逐一对比影像学与病理表现。结果X线、CT与病理检查之间差异显著（P〈0．05）;术前MRI平扫检查与病理检查之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论MRI检查骨肉瘤髓内侵润相对误差较小,依据MRI测量结果扩大切除2-3cm是安全的截骨范围。     

不同影像学方法判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润比较

目的比较3种影像学方法术前判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润的准确性,为提高子宫内膜癌术前诊断水平提供参考。方法术前诊断为子宫内膜癌并接受彩色多普勒超声(US)检查的患者41例,其中29例同时接受MRI检查,12例同时接受CT检查,所有患者均接受手术治疗。将患者术前检查结果与术后病理诊断进行比较。结果US、CT和MRI检查术前判断子宫肌层浸润的准确率分别为58．5%、75．0%和93．1%,肌层浸润深度的敏感性为54．1%、72．7%和92．6%,MRI与US检查的差异均有显著性(P值均＜0．01)。MRI和US检查判断深度浸润肌层的精确性优于CT检查,但差异无显著性(P＞0．05)；MRI检查判断浅肌层浸润的精确性显著优于US检查(P＜0．01)；当无肌层浸润时,MRI检查优于US和CT检查,但差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论US和MRI检查术前判断子宫肌层浸润优于CT检查。对于子宫肌层浸润的精确度,特别是US检查不易发现的极浅肌层浸润,MRI检查优于US检查。MRI检查术前判断子宫内膜癌肌层浸润具有优越性,MRI检查增强扫描的优越性更为突出,对特殊病例或怀疑宫腔外转移的病例可作为首选。     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺组织学活检的临床应用

目前,经直肠腔内超声显像(TRUS)已经成为前列腺最基本的影像学检查方法,并广泛应用于前列腺疾病的检测.尤其是经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床应用,使前列腺癌(PCA)的早期确诊成为可能.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.