槲寄生提取物的抗衰老实验研究

目的：观察槲寄生Viscum coloratum Nakai,提取液抗衰老作用。方法：槲寄生提取液按10g/kg,20g/kg给老年大鼠连续灌胃30d后,测血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）和下丘脑超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性,脑组织丙二醛（MDA）、脑组织和肝脏脂褐质（Lf）含量。结果：槲寄生两剂量组均能明显提高老年大鼠血清CAT、GSH－Px活性,降低老年大鼠脑组织MDA含量、脑和肝组织Lf含量,并可提高老年大鼠下丘脑SOD活性。结论：槲寄生提取液可通过改善自由基代谢而发挥抗衰老作用。     

急性颅脑外伤机体抗氧化能力的研究

颅脑外伤132例，正常对照235例，用比色法测定血液总抗氧化能力、SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、VitE的水平，结果：①外伤后24h，总抗氧化能力和SOD水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）；GSH-PX，GSH，VitE显著低于对照组（P＜0．0001）。②外伤后24、48、72h上述5项指标都趋于下降，其中SOD（P＜0．0005），GSH（P＜0．05）的降低有显著性差异。③伤后72h血液丙二醛浓度明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。提示增强机体的抗氧化能力，将有助于加速脑组织损伤的康复。     

纳米化技术对玉米活性物质抗氧化水平的增效研究

目的：探讨纳米化加工技术对玉米活性物质（corn activity proteins）抗氧化能力的影响。方法：提取玉米抗氧化活性物质通过纳米化技术加工成玉米活性肽（corn activity peptides），毛细管电泳法分析纳米化前后物质成分变化，化学发光法测定玉米活性物质和玉米活性肽抗氧化水平及影响因素。结果：纳米化加工后的玉米活性肽较玉米活性物质新出现一些小分子物质，原有大分子物质消失，活性肽抗氧化能力明显提高（P〈0.05）。加分散剂后对抗氧化能力有促进作用，随放置时间延长该作用下降。结论：纳米化加工技术可以使玉米活性物质成分发生改变，新生小分子活性肽能够提高抗氧化能力。     

枸杞对老年大鼠脑NO、GSH—PX、LIP含量影响的实验研究

目的：本实验是探讨关于枸杞抗衰老方面的研究。测定老年大鼠的脑组织中一氧化氮（NO）含量变化、抗氧化系统中谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）、脂褐质（LIP）含量变化。方法：采用考马斯亮兰测定法测定脑组织中蛋白含量，应用化学比色法测定组织中NO、GSH—PX、LIP含量。结果：枸杞能调节脑组织中NO的含量，枸杞能提高脑组织中抗氧化能力，GSH—PX的含量增高，枸杞能降低脑组织中LIP的含量。结论：枸杞能起到抗氧化作用     

糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化防御机能的变化

目的：探讨糖尿病对肾脏抗氧化防御机能的影响。方法：观察12周糖尿病大鼠肾皮质丙二醛（MDA）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）、谷胱甘肽S－转移酶（GSH－ST）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化。结果：糖尿病大鼠肾组织中SOD、GSH－ST及CAT活性下降,GSH含量显降低;MDA没有变化;GSH－PX活性却明显增强。结论：糖尿病大鼠肾组织抗氧化防御机能明显下降。     

大豆蛋白对大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的观察大豆蛋白对大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。方法 SPF级雄性SD大鼠24只,进食基础饲料适应性喂养2周,随机分为2组：大豆蛋白组和酪蛋白组,每组各12只,进食实验饲料28 d。测定大鼠血清及肝脏中各种抗氧化能力指标。结果酪蛋白组和大豆蛋白组大鼠肝脏组织的总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活性,丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。酪蛋白组和大豆蛋白组大鼠血清中T-AOC、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT活性差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,大豆蛋白组大鼠血清中MDA水平低于酪蛋白组（P〈0.05）。结论大豆蛋白对大鼠抗脂质氧化能力有改善作用。     

番茄红素对大鼠体内抗氧化酶活力的影响

目的　观察番茄红素 (lycopene ,LP)对大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法　大鼠饲喂番茄红素 4周后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活力、总抗氧化能力 (T -AOC)、丙二醛 (MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量。结果　各番茄红素给药组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH -Px活力及T -AOC上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,与空白组相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,抑制脂质过氧化。     

氧化应激对大鼠糖代谢影响的实验研究

目的通过观察抗氧化物质VitC、VitE和SOD对糖尿病大鼠体内抗氧化酶和丙二醛的改变,进一步探讨抗氧化活性变化对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的影响。方法用腹部皮下注射四氧嘧啶的方法对SD大鼠进行糖尿病造模,观察抗氧化物质对糖尿病大鼠血清SOD、GSH—Px、CAT、MDA的影响,进一步了解糖尿病的指标血糖、胰岛素、c肽的改变。结果抗氧化物质具有升高糖尿病大鼠SOD、GSH—Px、CAT活性（P〈0．05）,降低MDA含量（P〈0．05）的作用,从而改善了血糖、胰岛素、c肽等糖代谢指标。结论抗氧化物质具有提高机体抗氧化能力和改善糖代谢的作用。     

褪黑素、维生素E和还原型谷胱甘肽对四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠氧化应激影响的比较研究

目的：探讨褪黑素（MLT）、维生素E（VE）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）对糖尿病大鼠肝、肾和胰组织氧化应激的影响。方法：对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠分别给予MLT、VE和GSH治疗14d后。观察各组大鼠肝、肾和胰组织中丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性的变化。结果：与正常对照组大鼠比较。糖尿病大鼠肝、肾和胰组织MDA、NO含量显著升高，GSH-Px活性上升，而SOD活性显著降低。给予MLT、礓和GSH治疗可明显降低肝、肾、胰组织中MDA和NO含量，使升高的GSH-Px活性显著下降，并显著增强SOD活性。但GSH对肝脏SOD无明显影响。3种抗氧化荆相比．MLT在大鼠肾脏和胰腺组织的抗氧化能力明显强于VE和GSH，而在大鼠肝脏组织VE的抗氧化能力优于MLT和GSH。结论：MLT可通过增强糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化能力和抑制氧化应激反应。在糖尿病及其并发症发生、发展中具有一定的保护作用，并且MLT的抗氧化能力明显强于VE和GSH。     

无花果多糖对荷S180小鼠血清MDA SOD 和GSH-PX的影响

目的：观察无花果多糖对荷瘤小鼠血清丙本醛，超氧化物歧化酶和谷光甘肽过氧化物酶的影响。方法：以荷S180实体瘤小鼠为模型，灌胃给药，连续10d，测定小鼠血清中SOD、GSH－PX的活性及MDA的含量。结果：无花果多糖可提高荷瘤小鼠血中抗氧化酶的活性，降低脂质过氧化物的含量。结论：无荷果多糖的抗瘤作用可能与提高SOD，GSH－PX活性和降低自由基水平有关。     

Oenanthe Javanica Extract Protects Against Experimentally Induced Ischemic Neuronal Damage via its Antioxidant Effects

Background:

Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) as a popular traditional medicine in Asia shows various biological properties including antioxidant activity. In this study, we firstly examined the neuroprotective effect of Oenanthe javanica extract (OJE) in the hippocampal cornus ammonis 1 region (CA1 region) of the gerbil subjected to transient cerebral ischemia.

Methods:

Gerbils were established by the occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. The neuroprotective effect of OJE was estimated by cresyl violet staining. In addition, 4 antioxidants (copper, zinc superoxide dismutase [SOD], manganese SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) immunoreactivities were investigated by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region showed neuronal death at 5 days postischemia; at this point in time, all antioxidants immunoreactivities disappeared in CA1 pyramidal neurons and showed in many nonpyramidal cells. Treatment with 200 mg/kg, not 100 mg/kg, OJE protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage. In addition, 200 mg/kg OJE treatment increased or maintained antioxidants immunoreactivities. Especially, among the antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase immunoreactivity was effectively increased in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the OJE-treated sham-operated and ischemia-operated groups.

Conclusion:

Our present results indicate that treatment with OJE can protect neurons from transient ischemic damage and that the neuroprotective effect may be closely associated with increased or maintained intracellular antioxidant enzymes by OJE.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers in human plasma. METHODS: The extent of lipid peroxidation as evidenced by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (CD) as well as the status of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in serum samples of 40 breast cancer patients in and around Coimbatore, India, were studied. Controls consisted of members of the public with no previous history of breast cancer or other cancer-related diseases. RESULTS: The plasma samples of the breast cancer patients showed enhanced level of lipid peroxidation when compared to the corresponding controls. This was accompanied by a significant elevation in both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the significant increase in lipid peroxidation as evidenced by the level of TBARS and antioxidant status such as elevated SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and GST in samples from breast cancer patients compared to controls.     

Effect of morin on the levels of circulatory liver markers and redox status in experimental chronic hyperammonaemic rats

INTRODUCTION: Hyperammonaemia is a major contributing factor to neurological abnormalities observed in hepatic encephalopathy and in congenital defects of ammonia detoxication. Ammonia toxicity results in free radical generation that leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage. Morin is a bioflavonoid, a constituent of many herbs and fruits that are used as herbal medicines and also several biological activities. Our aim was to investigate the effect of morin on circulatory liver markers, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in ammonium chloride (AC)-induced hyperammonaemic rats. METHODS: Male albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were used for the study. The hyperammonaemia was induced by interaperitonial injection of AC (100 mg/kg body weight). Rats were treated with morin (30 mg/kg body weight) via oral administration. Administration of morin in hyperammonaemic rats reduced the levels of ammonia and urea. The antioxidant property of morin was studied by assessing the activities of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (HP) and liver markers (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) and the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, vitamins A, C and E in AC-treated rats. RESULTS: Oxidative stress was effectively modulated by morin administration. Morin significantly improved the status of antioxidants and decreased the levels of ammonia, urea, TBARS, HP and liver markers enzymes, as compared to the AC-treated group. CONCLUSION: The study offers evidence for the antihyperammonaemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of morin against oxidative stress induced by AC.     

Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on antioxidant system in the brain of diabetic rats

Objective: To test the ability of both zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn ONPs) and silver nanoparticles(SNPs) to ameliorate the oxidative stress resulted from diabetes in diabetic rats.Methods: Fifty male albino rats were used; ten of them were served as control group and forty, as the experiment group, were injected with streptozotocin at the single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg/kg. Then, the experiment group was subdivided into, diabetic,diabetic + Zn ONPs, diabetic + SNPs and diabetic + insulin groups. The activities and m RNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined in brain tissues. Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, zinc and silver concentrations were estimated in the brain tissues of all rats.Results: A significant increase in the activities and m RNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was shown.Malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased while there was a significant increase in the zinc, silver concentrations and total antioxidant capacity in brain of Zn ONPs and SNPs treated rats, compared with diabetic or diabetic + insulin group and their control group.Conclusions: Zn ONPs and SNPs can be used to ameliorate the oxidative stress in brain resulted from diabetes mellitus.     

Protection of PC12 Cells against Superoxide-induced Damage by Isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus

Objective To further investigate the neuroprotective effects of five isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus on xanthine （XA）/xanthine oxidase （XO）-induced injury to PC12 cells. Methods PC12 cells were damaged by XA/XO. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, MTT, LDH, and GSH assays were used to evaluate the protection of these five isofavonoids. Contents of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined with flow cytometry. Results Among the five isoflavonoids including formononetin, ononin, 9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were found to inhibit XA/XO-induced injury to PC12 cells. Their ECs0values of formononetin and calycosin were 0.05 μg/mL. Moreover, treatment with these three isoflavonoids prevented a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）, while formononetin and calycosin could prevent a significant deletion of GSH. In addition, only calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were shown to inhibit XO activity in cell-free system, with an approximate IC50 value of 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. Formononetin and calycosin had no significant infuence on Bcl-2 or Bax protein contents. Conclusion Neuroprotection of formononetin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside may be mediated by increasing endogenous antioxidants, rather by inhibiting XO activities or by scavenging free radicals.     

微量元素硒对宁夏枸杞抗氧化系统的影响

目的研究微量元素硒对宁夏枸杞抗氧化系统的影响。方法将30株幼苗随机分为对照组、亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)0.5 g.kg-1组和2.0 g.kg-1组,每组10株。观察不同浓度的Na2SeO3对枸杞谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(ASC)以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果Na2SeO30.5 g.kg-1组GSH-P活性、GSH含量、ASC含量和SOD活性明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而MDA含量、CTA及POD活性与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);Na2SeO32.0 g.kg-1组GSH-P活性、GSH含量、ASC含量、SOD活性、CTA活性及POD活性明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),MDA含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Na2SeO3能够提高宁夏枸杞中抗氧化酶的活性和抗氧化剂的含量,降低枸杞中MDA的含量,从而增强宁夏枸杞的抗氧化作用。     

Protective Effects of Dendrobium Polysaccharides on Learning and Memory Deficits in Aging Mice Induced by D-galactose /石斛多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠学习记忆损伤的保护作用

目的：研究石斛多糖对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠学习记忆损伤的保护作用。方法：通过皮下注射D-半乳糖(120 mg·(kg·d)^-1) 60 d诱导小鼠学习记忆损伤模型。观察石斛多糖(80, 160, 320 mg·kg^-1)灌胃(ig)60 d后对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。结果：Morris水迷宫实验、跳台实验（step-down test）和避暗实验（step-through test）显示石斛多糖能够明显改善D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠学习记忆损伤。此外,石斛多糖能够降低脑组织和血浆中丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）的含量以及升高超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX）和Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶的活力。结论：石斛多糖能够保护D-半乳糖诱导的衰老损伤,其作用机制可能与石斛多糖的抗氧化损伤有关。     

内毒素预处理对大鼠前脑缺血再灌注后海马神经元保护效应的研究

目的 探讨内毒素预处理对大鼠前脑缺血再灌注后海马神经元的保护效应及其可能机制。方法 采用大鼠前脑缺血再灌注模型，动态观察内毒素预处理对脑组织SOD、GSH-PX、MDA活性的影响及海马CA1区神经元计数的变化。结果 内毒素预处理后脑组织内生性SOD、GSH-PX活性显著增高，MDA活性降低，海马CA1区神经元计数下降幅度减少。结论 ①内毒素预处理对前脑缺血再灌注后海马神经元的损伤有明显保护作用；②其机制可能与增强中枢神经系统内生性抗过氧化物酶类的活性有关。     

麦麸酶解产物对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的：观察麦麸酶解产物对糖尿病大鼠抗氧化系统的影响。方法：用四氧嘧啶制备SD大鼠糖尿病模型,以麦麸酶解产物（EHWB）为受试物,阿魏酸钠作为阳性对照,测定各实验组大鼠血糖、血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果：与糖尿病组相比,EHWB治疗组血糖明显降低(P<0.01),血清和肝脏T-AOC均提 高(P<0.05),GSH-Px和SOD活性增强(P<0.05),XOD活性及MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),各项指标与强抗氧化药物阿魏酸钠比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论：EHWB具有降血糖和提高糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力的作用,其效果与阿魏酸钠相似。EHWB的降糖作用可能与其恢复胰腺功能,保护肝脏的抗氧化作用有关。