孤啡肽和吗啡对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的观察脑室注射孤啡肽(OFQ)和吗啡对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法检测Wistar大鼠皮层体感区组织匀浆上清液Ca2+-ATP酶活性.观察①脑室注射吗啡对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响;②脑室注射OFQ对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响;③两侧脑室同时注射吗啡和OFQ对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响.结果①脑室注射20μg/20μl吗啡60min后,大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+-ATP酶的活性与生理盐水组相比明显降低(P<0.01). ②脑室分别注射不同浓度的孤啡肽(0.04、0.45、0.9、1.8μg/20μl)60min后,皮层Ca2+-ATP酶活性随OFQ浓度的增加而降低,组间差异显著(P<0.05).③右侧脑室注射20μg/20μl吗啡,同时左侧脑室注射0.9μg/20μl孤啡肽60min后,可相互拮抗对Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响.结论脑室单独注射吗啡或孤啡肽均可使大鼠皮层Ca2+-ATP酶的活性降低,而孤啡肽(0.9μg/20μl)又可以拮抗吗啡对Ca2+-ATP酶活性的抑制作用,说明孤啡肽在中枢通过影响Ca2+-ATP酶活性产生抗阿片作用,从而影响痛觉调制.     

纳洛酮对脑缺血大鼠皮层SEP和Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的研究纳洛酮对脑缺血大鼠皮层体感诱发电位(SEP)和Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响,探讨纳洛酮对急性脑缺血损伤的脑保护作用机制.方法在大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞动物模型基础上,侧脑室注射不同剂量纳洛酮,以皮层SEP和Ca2+-ATP酶活性为指标,观察纳洛酮对脑缺血的作用.结果脑缺血后,皮层SEP主波消失,Ca2+-ATP酶活性显著降低(P<0.001),纳洛酮可在一定程度上恢复SEP(P<0.01),并使Ca2+-ATP酶活性升高(P<0.01).结论纳洛酮对大鼠急性脑缺血损伤有一定的保护作用.     

乙酰胆碱及其受体亚型阻滞剂对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的 观察脑室注射乙酰胆碱及其受体亚型阻滞剂对大鼠皮层体感区Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATP酶活性的影响,探讨乙酰胆碱中枢作用的可能机制.方法 脑室注射ACh及其受体亚型阻滞剂后,采用定磷法检测Wistar大鼠皮层体感区Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATP酶活性.结果 ①脑室注射20μg/10μl的乙酰胆碱可使Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATP酶活性由脑室注射等量生理盐水的(8.271±1.298)μmolpi/mgprot升高到(16.444±3.270)μmolpi/mgprot(P＜0.05,n=5);②两侧脑室同时分别注射6.4μg/10μl N受体阻滞剂维库溴铵和乙酰胆碱可使Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATP酶活性由脑室注射乙酰胆碱的(16.444±3.270)μmolpi/mgprot降低到(8.854±1.366)μmolpi/mgprot(P＜0.05,n=5);③两侧脑室同时分别注射3.5μg/10μl M1受体阻滞剂哌仑西平和乙酰胆碱或分别注射4.5μg/10μl M3受体阻滞剂4-DAMP和乙酰胆碱均可使Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATP酶活性不同程度降低,但与脑室单独注射乙酰胆碱相比无显著差异(P＞0.05,n=5).结论 乙酰胆碱在大鼠大脑皮层体感区的效应,主要是通过N型受体实现的.     

心钠素对高血压大鼠动脉平滑肌细胞离子泵活性和基因表达的影响

目的 探讨心钠素(ANP)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)动脉平滑肌细胞膜(ASMC)Na+,K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性及Na+,K+-ATP酶α,亚单位、Ca+-ATP)酶亚型1(PMCA1)mRNA表达的影响.方法 对SHR大鼠,予不同浓度ANP和血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)干预,通过放射免疫、生化酶学和逆转录-聚合酶链反应等方法,检测ASMC的ANP、AngⅡ含量,ATP酶活性及其mRNA表达变化并设WKY大鼠为对照.结果 SHR大鼠ANP含量比WKY大鼠下降[(7.3±2.4)pg·10-6比(19.3±3.3) Pg·10-6,P＜0.01],Ang Ⅱ含量增加[(57±4)pg·10-6比(44±4) pg·10-6,P＜0.01],Na+,K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-A11)酶活性及Na+,K+-ATP酶α1亚单位、PMCA1 mRNA表达均显著降低[Na+,K+-ATP:(4.3±0.8) μmol·h-1·mg-1比(5.3±1.0) μmol·h-1·mg-1,Ca2+-ATP酶:(3.2±0.7)μmol·h-1·mg-1比(4.5±0.7) μmol·h-1·mg-1,α1亚单位:0.524±0.025比0.704±0.116,PMCA1:0.193±0.030比0.547±0.045](P＜0.05～P＜0.01).ANP可增加SHR大鼠Na+,K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性及Na+,K+-ATP酶α1,亚单位及PMCA1 mRNA表达(均P＜0.01),Ang Ⅱ则抑制Ca2+-ATP酶活性和PMCA1 mRNA表达(P＜0.05～P＜0.01),仅1×10-7 mol/L AngⅡ抑制Na+,K+-ATP酶活性及α1亚单位mRNA表达,ANP能拮抗AngⅡ对两种ATP酶活性及其mRNA表达的效应.ANP也能拮抗AngⅡ对WKY大鼠Ca2+-ATP酶活性及PMCA1mRNA表达的效应,对Na+,K+-ATP酶活性及α1亚单位mRNA表达无影响(P＞0.05).结论 高血压大鼠ASMC两种ATP酶活性和基因表达下降与局部ANP和AngⅡ分泌异常有关,ANP能拮抗AngⅡ对两种ATP酶活性和基因表达的效应.     

高压氧对短暂全脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑ATP酶活性的影响

目的观察SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注后Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性的动态变化以及高压氧对其的影响,为临床用高压氧治疗缺血性脑卒中提供实验依据。方法按随机数字表法将63只SD大鼠分为9组:缺血再灌注组(I/R),缺血再灌注后加高压氧处理组(HBO),上述2组分别有6h、24h、48h和96h4个时相点及假手术组(Sham-O)。以四动脉阻断法建立全脑缺血再灌注动物模型。I/R组和HBO组分别于再灌注各时相点断头取脑组织并匀浆,测定Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性。结果HBO组在6h出现Na+-K+-ATP酶活性升高,其活性显著高于I/R6h组(P<0.05)和假手术组(P<0.01),在24h恢复至正常;与假手术组比较,HBO组和I/R组从48h至96h再次出现Na+-K+-ATP酶活性升高(P均<0.05),但HBO组与I/R组相应时间点比较差异无统计学意义;HBO组在6h出现Ca2+-ATP酶活性升高,与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),24h后恢复至正常;与假手术组比较,I/R组在6h和48h出现Ca2+-ATP酶活性升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在24h和96h恢复至正常水平。结论高压氧处理不仅使急性期Na+-K+-ATP酶活性升高,且加快Ca2+-ATP酶活性恢复,为高压氧治疗缺血性脑卒中作用机制提供了实验依据。     

大豆异黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌后ATP酶及bcl-2和bax的影响

目的:观察大豆异黄酮对大鼠脑缺血再灌后ATP酶及bcl-2和bax的影响,探讨其神经保护作用的机制。方法:30只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成对照组、缺血再灌组和大豆异黄酮预处理组。采用三血管阻断法建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血1 h后再灌1 h。观察各组大鼠脑组织病理学改变,Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性改变及bcl-2和bax表达的变化。结果:大豆异黄酮预处理组脑组织损伤较缺血再灌组明显减轻,ATP酶活性升高,并且可以促进bcl-2和抑制bax的表达(P0.05～P0.01)。结论:大豆异黄酮预处理能减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌损伤与提高Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性及促进bcl-2和抑制bax的表达有关。     

氯胺酮对大鼠大脑皮层和丘脑突触体Na^＋K^＋—ATP酶活性的影响

目的动态观察氯胺酮对大鼠大脑皮层和丘脑Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的影响.方法SD大鼠32只,随机分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组.对照组腹腔注射生理盐水10ml·kg-1,其余各组均为腹腔注射氯胺酮1100mg·kg-1.对照组腹腔注射生理盐水后10min断头,麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组分别在大鼠翻正反射消失后10min、翻正反射恢复后和完全清醒后断头,取双侧大脑皮层和丘脑匀浆,离心,制备粗制突触体,用分光光度法测Na+,K+-ATP酶活性.结果大鼠氯胺酮100mg·kg-1腹腔注射能明显降低大脑皮层和丘脑Na+,K+-ATP酶活性,分别较对照组降低了32.8%和31.4%(P＜0.05),而在翻正反射恢复后和动物完全清醒后Na+,K+-ATP酶活性恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).结论Na+,K+-ATP酶活性在氯胺酮全麻机理中可能发挥重要作用.     

加减地黄饮子对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经元保护作用的实验研究

目的:观察加减地黄饮子对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经元的保护作用及其可能作用机制。方法:采用栓线法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤模型(MCAO)。120只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组:空白组,假损伤组,模型组,中药高剂量组,中药低剂量组,阿司匹林对照组,每组20只。连续灌胃7d后,进行手术操作。测定大鼠大脑皮层组织Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、Ca2+-ATP酶活性、SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:加减地黄饮子低剂量、高剂量组均能提高脑缺血大鼠大脑皮层组织的Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性及SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:加减地黄饮子可对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织神经元起保护作用,其脑保护作用机制可能与其调节Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性、SOD活性和降低MDA含量有关。     

硫酸镁对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后一氧化氮及ATP酶的影响

目的:观察硫酸镁(MgSO₄)对小鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤后一氧化氮(NO)和ATP酶的影响,探讨其保护作用及机制。方法:昆明小鼠100只,随机分成假手术组、缺血再灌注模型组和MgSO₄低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。采用结扎双侧颈总动脉及加压颈部软组织的方法复制全脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血30 min再灌注1 h。观察各组小鼠脑组织NO含量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性及病理学变化。结果:MgSO₄各组脑组织NO含量和NOS、iNOS活性明显低于缺血再灌注模型组,高于假手术组(P<0.05~P<0.01),并能提高Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:MgSO₄预处理能显著降低小鼠脑缺血再灌注后NO含量和NOS活性,并提高Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,从而减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

IL-8单克隆抗体对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨IL-8单克隆抗体对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法用线栓法制作急性大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,将大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、IL-8单抗0.5μg组、IL-8单抗1μg组和IL-8单抗2μg组,于缺血0.5h侧脑室注射生理盐水和IL-8单抗。TTC（四氮唑红）染色测梗死体积;应用HE染色、免疫组化和TUNEL法,观察大鼠局灶缺血脑组织中性粒细胞浸润程度、bcl-2、Bax免疫反应阳性细胞和凋亡细胞。结果同对照组相比IL-8单抗1μg组和IL-8单抗2μg组梗死体积明显减少（分别为P〈0.05和P〈0.01）;中性粒细胞浸润程度与对照组比较均明显减轻;bcl-2阳性细胞明显增加（P〈0.01）、Bax阳性细胞明显减少（P〈0.01）,bcl-2/Bax比值增加（P〈0.01）;TUNEL阳性细胞明显减少（P〈0.01）。结论IL-8单抗可能通过阻断中性粒细胞浸润,抑制神经细胞凋亡从而对脑缺血再灌注损伤起保护作用。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…