Safety and efficacy of anisodamine on prevention of contrast induced nephropathy in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background  Previous studies have proved the renal protective effects of anisodamine in patients with septic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate anisodamine for the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods  Consecutive ACS patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patients in the anisodamine group (ANI group) were assigned to receive intravenous infusions of anisodamine by an adjusted-dose (0.1–0.2 μg∙kg^-1∙min^-1) from the PCI procedure to 24 hours after PCI, and the control group (CON group) received 0.9% isotonic saline of the same volume. All patients were hydrated for 6 to 12 hours before and 12 hours after PCI. Blood samples were taken on the day of PCI and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after PCI to measure the serum creatinine (SCr).

Results  A total of 177 patients were involved in the study, 88 in the ANI group and 89 in the CON group. In both groups, the SCr concentrations significantly increased after PCI, with the peak value occurring at 48 hours. At 72 hours, the SCr concentration in the ANI group retuned to the baseline level (P >0.05), but the SCr concentration in CON group was still higher than baseline level (P <0.01). The SCr concentrations at 48 and 72 hours after PCI were much lower in the ANI group than those in the CON group (both P <0.01). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly decreased after PCI, the lowest value occurred at 48 hours. In the ANI group, the eGFR at 72 hours was similar to the baseline level. In the CON group, the eGFR failed to return to baseline at 72 hours (P <0.01). The eGFR at 24, 48 and 72 hours after PCI were higher in the ANI group (all P <0.05). The incidence of CIN in the ANI group was lower than that in the CON group within 72 hours after PCI (P <0.05). The results of multiple Logistic regression proved that both diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were independent predictors of CIN, and treatment with anisodamine was an independent preventive factor of CIN (OR 0.369 and 95% CI 0.171 to 0.794, P＝0.011). No serious side effects were found in the ANI group.

Conclusion  Intravenous infusion of anisodamine during and after elective PCI may safely prevent the occurrence of CIN in ACS patients.

     

Impact of benazepril on contrast-induced acute kidney injury for patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background  The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is controversial. Some studies pointed out that it was effective in the prevention of CI-AKI, while some concluded that it was one risk for CI-AKI, especially for patients with pre-existing renal impairment. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of benazepril administration on the development of CI-AKI in patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency undergoing coronary intervention. 

Methods  One hundred and fourteen patients with mild to moderate impairment of renal function were enrolled before coronary angioplasty, who were randomly assigned to benazepril group (n=52) and control group (n=62). In the benazepril group, the patients received benazepril tablets 10 mg per day at least for 3 days before procedure. CI-AKI was defined as an increase of ≥25% in creatinine over the baseline value or increase of 0.5 mg/L within 72 hours of angioplasty.

Results  Patients were well matched with no significant differences at baseline in all measured parameters between two groups. The incidence of CI-AKI was lower by 64% in the benazepril group compared with control group but without statistical significance (3.45% vs. 9.68%, P=0.506). Compared with benazepril group, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level significantly decreased from (70.64±16.38) ml∙min^-1∙1.73 m^-2 to (67.30±11.99) ml∙min^-1∙1.73 m^-2 in control group (P=0.038). There was no significant difference for the post-procedure decreased eGFR from baseline (△eGFR) between two groups (benazepril group (0.67±12.67) ml∙min^-1∙1.73 m^-2 vs. control group (–3.33±12.39) ml∙min^-1∙1.73 m^-2, P=0.092). In diabetic subgroup analysis, △eGFR in benazepril group was slightly lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions  Benazepril has a protective effect on mild to moderate impairment of renal function during coronary angioplasty. It is safe to use benazepril for treatment of patients with mild to moderate impairment of renal function before coronary intervention.

     

重组人B型脑利钠肽对急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后对比剂肾病的预防作用

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死患者接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后,新活素（冻干重组人脑利钠肽）对于对比剂肾病（CIN）的预防及肾功能的保护作用。方法:将88例急性心肌梗死接受急诊PCI治疗的患者随机分为试验组（45例）和对照组（43例）,急诊PCI术后试验组即刻开始应用冻干重组人脑利钠肽0.007 5～0.015 μg/（kg·min）,持续48～72 h,试验组及对照组术后均接受0.9%氯化钠生理盐水1 mL/（kg·min）持续水化治疗维持至术后12～24 h,分别于术前及术后48、72 h测定血清肌酐（SCr）、血清胱抑素C（Cys C）。结果:试验组PCI术后72 h较基线的SCr及估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）差值显著低于对照组（Scr升高值:5.33 vs.17.93, P=0.020;eGFR降低值:4.24 vs.12.18, P=0.008）,同时试验组CIN发生率较对照组明显降低（P=0.042）,Logistic回归分析显示应用冻干重组人脑利钠肽为CIN的保护因素（OR=0.04,95%CI:0.00～0.36）。结论:对于急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗后应用冻干重组人脑利钠肽可保护肾功能,减少对比剂肾病发生率。     

左卡尼汀预防急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉造影(CAG)和/或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后对比剂肾病(CIN)的意义

 目的 探讨左卡尼汀对于预防急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes,ACS）患者冠状动脉造影（coronary artery angiography,CAG）和/或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后发生对比剂肾病（contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN）的意义。方法 连续入选2016年1—12月复旦大学附属中山医院心内科诊断为ACS并接受CAG及PCI,并于围手术期接受左卡尼汀治疗的患者共416例,选取同期年龄、性别、基础肾功能匹配且未接受左卡尼汀治疗的ACS患者416例,探讨两组患者的CIN发生率。结果 左卡尼汀组CIN发生率（46/416,11.1%）与对照组（62/416,14.9%）差异无统计学意义。亚组分析中,肾功能正常患者的CIN发生率在左卡尼汀组（26/249例,10.4%）与对照组（28/252,11.1%）之间差异无统计学意义;肾功能轻中度异常（30 mL·min^-1·1.73 m^-2≤eGFR<90 mL·min^-1·1.73 m^-2）患者的CIN发生率在左卡尼汀组（20/167,13.2%）显著低于对照组（36/164,18.3%）（P=0.016）。整体研究人群中,低LVEF值、eGFR、HCT和对比剂用量是CIN的独立危险因素,肾功能轻中度异常人群中,低LVEF值、eGFR、HCT、HbA₁C、对比剂用量和左卡尼汀使用情况是CIN的独立危险因素。结论 左卡尼汀未能显著降低肾功能正常的ACS患者的CIN发生率,但对于轻中度肾功能不全的ACS患者,在术前充分水化的基础上围手术期联合使用左卡尼汀可以显著降低CIN的发生率。     

Prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy in diabetics undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: role of the ratio of contrast medium volume to estimated glomerular filtration rate

Background  Diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a higher incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) than nondiabetic patients, and no pharmacological approach has been demonstrated to offer consistent protection. Therefore, identifying individuals who are at increased risk becomes essential. This study was designed to assess the predictive role of the ratio of contrast medium volume to estimated glomerular filtration rate (CMV/eGFR) in diabetic patients undergoing elective PCI who developed CIN.

Methods  We retrospectively investigated clinical factors associated with the development of CIN in 114 diabetic patients who had undergone elective PCI. The risk factors for CIN included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hemoglobin (Hb), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), volume of contrast medium, basic levels of serum creatinine (Scr), the number of treated vessels and the number of stents used. We conducted a stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the predictive role of these risk factors in the incidence of CIN.

Results  The incidence of CIN was 18.4% (21/114). There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, LVEF, Hb, FPG, HbA1c, and incidence of hypertension and number of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients between the CIN (n=21) and the non-CIN (n=93) groups. However, the eGFR was significantly lower ((72.0±12.5) ml∙min^-1∙1.73 m^-2 vs. (82.0±16.5) ml∙min^-1∙1.7 m^-2, P=0.010), and the basic serum creatinine level ((1.07±0.12) mg/dl vs. (0.97±0.19) mg/dl P=0.014) was significantly higher in the CIN group. In addition, the volume of contrast medium was significantly larger ((253±75) ml vs. (211±71) ml, P=0.017) and the CMV/eGFR ratio was significantly greater (3.64±1.26 vs. 2.70±1.11, P=0.001) in the CIN group. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the CMV/eGFR ratio was a significant independent predictor for the development of CIN (P=0.001). At a cut-off point of >3.1, the CMV/eGFR ratio exhibited 71% sensitivity and 70% specificity for detecting CIN.

Conclusion  The CMV/eGFR ratio could be a valuable predictor of CIN for diabetic patients after elective PCI. At a cut-off point of >3.1, the CMV/eGFR ratio was an optimal predictor for the incidence of CIN.

     

阿托伐他汀联合水化预防慢性肾功能不全患者造影剂肾病的研究

探讨阿托伐他汀联合水化对原有慢性肾功能不全患者出现造影剂肾病的预防作用。100例原有慢性肾功能不全患者造影术后随机分为单纯水化组（51例）和阿托伐他汀联合水化组（49例）,测定造影前后48h血肌酐水平。试验组造影剂肾病发生率显著低于对照组[8％（5／41）比24％（12／49）（P〈0．05）]。提示,阿托伐他汀联合水化可预防原有慢性肾功能不全患者造影剂肾病的发生。     

非离子型对比剂对冠状动脉造影患者肾功能的影响

目的 观察患者使用非离子型对比剂进行冠状动脉造影检查前后肾功能的变化。方法 收集2009年9月—2010年2月在上海交通大学附属胸科医院心内科使用非离子型对比剂行冠状动脉造影检查的556例（男性342例,女性214例）患者的资料。分别比较造影前后血液和尿液肾功能指标的变化,如果血清肌酐(Scr)绝对值水平升高>44.2 μmol/L或者较基础水平升高>25％,则定义为发生了对比剂肾病（CIN）。对CIN患者作进一步分析,筛选反映CIN的敏感指标。结果 血液肾功能常规检查显示,除胱抑素C(Cys C)以外,造影术前后患者的Scr、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)和视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)浓度比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;尿液肾功能指标检查显示,只有α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)浓度在造影术前后有统计学意义（P<0.01）。共有39例（男性18例,女性21例）患者在造影术后发生了CIN,发病率为7.01％。其中尿α1-MG的变化最显著,增高（39.77±16.75）%。男性和女性CIN患者的内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)值均在正常范围,造影术前后比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而造影术前后肾小球滤过率(eGFR)差异均有统计学意义[男性（118.88±38.03）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 vs （88.14±28.18）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2,女性（107.69±38.65） mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 vs（77.40±30.71）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2]（P<0.01）。CIN患者对比剂用量为（225.34±16.58）mL,高于无CIN患者的（201.56±13.27）mL,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Logistic多元回归分析显示,与CIN发病相关的因素包括高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾功能不全和对比剂用量。结论 CIN患者在冠状动脉造影前后肾功能的变化均与注射非离子型对比剂有关;α1-MG是发生CIN的早期敏感指标。     

造影剂对冠脉介入诊疗患者肾功能的影响

目的观察低渗非离子造影剂对冠状动脉造影患者肾功能的影响。方法收集我院2008年1月～2009年1月期间住院的324例接受冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者的资料,回顾分析造影剂肾病(CIN)各危险因素的发生情况。结果按照造影剂肾病的诊断标准,共有19例患者可诊断造影剂肾病。结论造影剂剂量和术前原有肾功能水平是CIN发生的独立危险因素。     

非离子型对比剂对冠状动脉造影患者肾功能的影响

目的 观察患者使用非离子型对比剂进行冠状动脉造影检查前后肾功能的变化.方法 收集2009年9月-2010年2月在上海交通大学附属胸科医院心内科使用非离子型对比剂行冠状动脉造影检查的556例（男性342例,女性214例）患者的资料.分别比较造影前后血液和尿液肾功能指标的变化,如果血清肌酐（Scr）绝对值水平升高〉44.2 μmol/L或者较基础水平升高〉25%,则定义为发生了对比剂肾病（CIN）.对CIN患者作进一步分析,筛选反映CIN的敏感指标.结果 血液肾功能常规检查显示,除胱抑素C（Cys C）以外,造影术前后患者的Scr、尿素氮（BUN）、尿酸（UA）和视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）浓度比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;尿液肾功能指标检查显示,只有α1-微球蛋白（α1-MG）浓度在造影术前后有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.共有39例（男性18例,女性21例）患者在造影术后发生了CIN,发病率为7.01%.其中尿α1-MG的变化最显著,增高（39.77±16.75）%.男性和女性CIN患者的内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）值均在正常范围,造影术前后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而造影术前后肾小球滤过率（eGFR）差异均有统计学意义[男性（118.88±38.03）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2vs（88.14±28.18）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2,女性（107.69±38.65） mL·min-1·1.73 m-2vs（77.40±30.71）mL·min-1·1.73 m-2]（P〈0.01）.CIN患者对比剂用量为（225.34±16.58）mL,高于无CIN患者的（201.56±13.27）mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0 01）.Logistic多元回归分析显示,与CIN发病相关的因素包括高血压、糖尿病、慢性肾功能不全和对比剂用量.结论 CIN患者在冠状动脉造影前后肾功能的变化均与注射非离子型对比剂有关;α1-MG是发生CIN的早期敏感指标.     

冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者造影剂肾病的危险因素研究

目的研究经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)和冠状动脉造影术患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素。方法选择2008年10月～2009年3月在齐鲁医院接受冠状动脉造影术和/或PCI的200例患者,分别监测造影前3?d内(任意1?d)和造影后第3、7天的血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和尿β2微球蛋白(β2 MG),分析冠状动脉诊疗术患者CIN的危险因素。结果200例患者中,有14例(7%)发生CIN。在CIN组和非CIN组,原有肾功能不全、糖尿病、高血压患者的比例,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制药(ACEIs)、冠状动脉粥样硬化、造影剂剂量和高脂血症, 两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。logistic多因素逐步回归分析显示原有肾功能不全和糖尿病是CIN的独立危险因素。结论高血压是CIN的一个相关危险因素;年龄、BMI、ACEIs、冠状动脉粥样硬化、造影剂剂量和高脂血症等不是CIN的相关危险因素;原有肾功能不全和糖尿病是CIN的独立危险因素。     

支架重建血运治疗老年粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的远期临床结果

目的 回顾性研究老年动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)患者行经皮腔内肾动脉支架置入重建血运术(PTRAS)的远期临床疗效.方法 选择2003年1月至2009年12月在中国人民解放军总医院老年肾科住院患者中,年龄≥65岁的高血压患者经肾动脉造影确诊为ARAS、肾动脉狭窄面积≥70%的病例,分析患者PTRAS术后长期的血压、肾功能的变化趋势及术后并发症.结果 共65例患者、73根肾动脉行PTRAS治疗,平均随访时间(31±11)个月.老年患者PTRAS术后3 d血压(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即明显下降(术前154±24/79±11比术后132±14/ 69±8,P＜0.01),这种显著的降压作用可持续到术后36个月.PTRAS术后口服降压药物的种类(种)也略减少(2.3±1.1比2.1±1.0).老年ARAS患者PTRAS后对比剂肾病的发病率为9.2%,Logistic回归分析显示术前合并糖尿病(P=0.0072;OR=13.51)、肾小球滤过率<30 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2(P=0.0002;OR=519.27)及收缩压≥180 mm Hg(P= 0.0134 ;OR=13.16)均显著增加PTRAS后发生对比剂肾病的风险;而术后即刻水化治疗(P=0.0266;OR=0.10)可以显著降低术后对比剂肾病的发生.PTRAS术后12至36个月内,患者的肾功能9.1%～18.4%可改善,67.3%～55.3%保持不变,23.4%～26.3%出现恶化.Logistic回归分析显示,术前合并糖尿病的老年ARAS患者PTRAS术后12个月时发生肾功能恶化的风险显著增高(P=0.0277;OR=6.32).PTRAS术后再狭窄率为13.8%.结论 老年ARAS患者的高血压水平在PTRAS术后起至术后36个月内显著降低,易于控制在正常范围,但PTRAS改善老年ARAS患者肾功能的作用有限.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the long-term effects of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent (PTRAS) on hypertension and renal function in elderly patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS). Methods The data of elderly ARAS patients as diagnosed by angiography(stenosis≥70%) were retrospectively collected. PTRAS was performed in 65 patients. The average follow-up period was 30.9 months. Results There were significant decrease in BP(blood pressure, mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) (before: 154±24/79±119 vs after: 132±14/69±8; P<0.01) at Day 3 post-PTRAS and the decrease of BP continued until 36 months after PTRAS. The average category of antihypertensive medication also decreased from 2.3±1.1 to 2.1±1.0. The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was 9.2％. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors of pre-operative diabetes mellitus, GFR≤30 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2, systolic pressure ≥180 mm Hg and hydration therapy had a significant relationship with the incidence of CIN (P=0.0072;OR=13.51; P=0.0002; OR=519.27; P=0.0134 ; OR=13.16 and P=0.0266; OR=0.10; respectively). Renal function improved in 9.1%-15.8% of patients, stabilized in 67.3%-55.3% and deteriorated in 23.4%-28.9% of patients at Months 12-36 post-PTRAS. Logistic regression analysis showed that the diabetics had a higher risk of deteriorating renal function at month 12 post-PTRAS（P=0.0277; OR=6.32）.The restenosis rate was 13.8%. Conclusion PTRAS is beneficial in the control of blood pressure in elderly ARAS patients within 36 months after operation. The post-PTRAS improvement of renal function in elderly patients is limited.     

血栓抽吸联合山茛菪碱对ST段抬高心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠脉介入治疗的影响

目的 观察分析血栓抽吸联合山莨菪碱对ST段抬高心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠脉介入治疗的临床效果.方法 我院心内科收治的直接经皮冠脉介入的ST段抬高心肌梗死患者160例,随机进行分组,两组患者经过诊断性冠状动脉造影后,观察组给予山莨菪碱快速注射,对照组给予肝素快速注射,观察两组患者临床治疗情况.结果 观察组校准TIMI计帧数(cTFC)、CK-MB峰值明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组手术后的TMPG2-3级比例、完全ST段回落率术后90分钟内(STR)比例明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组术后TIMI3级比例差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);入院24 h内两组患者的左心室分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内经(LVDd差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后6个月的随访结果观察组患者的LVEF、LVDd明显优于对照组.结论 ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中,行血栓抽吸经血栓抽吸导管注射山莨菪碱,不仅可改善心肌灌注而且还可有效改善术后心室收缩的能力.     

曲美他嗪对肾功能不全患者对比剂肾病的预防作用

目的：探讨肾功能不全患者应用曲美他嗪（TMZ）预防对比剂肾病（CIN）的临床疗效。方法：本研究为前瞻性随机对照临床试验,连续入选124例拟行冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉介入术患者,基础血清肌酐（Scr）＞103μoml/L,随机分为2组：TMZ组（n=64）和对照组（n=60）。TMZ组于造影前48 h给予TMZ片20 mg,每天3次,术后服用7 d。所有患者均于术前及术后接受常规水化治疗,观察患者术前、术后24 h、48 h、7 d的Scr水平。结果：①2组患者术后24 h Scr水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;②TMZ组术后48 h、7 d的Scr水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;③TMZ组CIN的发生率为3.1%,对照组为16.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：TMZ联合水化治疗与单独水化治疗相比,能减少肾功能不全患者CIN的发生率。     

Contrast induced nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal impairment undergoing coronary angiogram and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Contrast induced nephropathy is the third leading cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. However, its incidence and risk factors in Bangladeshi population undergoing coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention is not clear. This study was to assess the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy in patients, with or without pre existing renal impairment, undergoing coronary angiogram and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in Bangladeshi population. Two hundred patients undergoing coronary angiogram and percutaneous were included in the study .Patients having history of contrast allergy and patients on renal dialysis were excluded from the study. Serum creatinine level was estimated before the undergoing procedure. Creatinine clearance rate was calculated by applying Cockcroft Gault formula to the preprocedure serum creatinine level. Patients were assigned to one of the two groups, that is with or without chronic renal insufficiency. Serum creatinine levels were again estimated at the end of 24 hours of contrast exposure. The rise of serum creatinine by ≥0.5mg/dl or ≥25% occurring within 24 hours of contrast administration was defined as contrast induced nephropathy. The incidences of Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in these groups were compared. We tried to analyze whether there is relation between the incidence of CIN with contrast volume, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, and coronary procedures undergone. We enrolled 120 pre existing chronic renal insufficiency patients and 80 patients without pre existing chronic renal insufficiency. In this study 21.7% of pre existing chronic renal insufficiency group and 6.3% of no pre existing chronic renal insufficiency group developed contrast induced nephropathy (p=0.003). Contrast induced nephropathy is an iatrogenic disorder and pre existing renal impairment is one of the risk factors for developing contrast induced nephropathy.     

依那普利对冠脉介入患者肾功能的影响

目的 观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂依那普利对行冠状动脉介入治疗患者肾功能的影响.方法 146例行单纯冠脉造影术或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者随机分为依那普利组(72例)和对照组(74例),依那普利组患者至少术前2天至术后2天给予马来酸依那普片5～ 10mg 2次/d.比较术前及术后48 h内血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(Cys C)及肾小球滤过率估测值(eGFR).结果 对照组术后Scr由基线( 69.79±16.77)升至(71.80±15.98)μmol/L(P＜0.05),eGFR由基线(112.19±33.08)降至(106.64±24.65)mL/min (P ＜0.01),Cys C由基线(0.57±0.11)升至(0.62±0.22 )mg/L(P ＜0.05).依那普利组手术前后Scr、eGFR、Cys C差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 依那普利可能有预防对比剂肾病的作用.     

碳酸氢钠水化疗法预防造影剂肾病疗效观察

目的 观察碳酸氢钠水疗法改善造影剂肾功能损伤的效果.方法 选取2010年10月至2011年3月在我院心内科行冠脉介入治疗的患者245例为研究对象,按随机数字法分为观察组123例和对照组122例,观察组患者造影术前1 h,按3 ml/(kg·h)速度静脉输注1.25%碳酸氢钠注射液,对照组患者造影术前按3 ml/(kg·h)速度静脉输注0.9%氯化钠注射液,比较两组造影剂肾病(CIN)的发生率,患者术前、术后24 h和48 h的血肌酐(Cr)、钾离子(K+)、碳酸氢根(HCO3-)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)、尿液pH值的差异.结果 观察组CIN发生率为4.5%(5/123),对照组为12.0%(12/122),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者在住院期间均无一例出现需要透析、急性心肌梗塞、再次心肌梗死、脑出血、死亡等二级终点事件;观察组术后24 h、48 h血Cr水平明显低于术前[(82.28±22.16)μmol/L、(82.06±22.79)μmol/L vs(93.89±45.75)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对照组术后24 h、48 h血Cr水平与术前比较[(92.79±49.04)μmol/L、(93.89±45.75)μmol/L vs(94.97±22.79)μmol/L]差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24 h、48 h GFR、尿液pH值与术前比较显著上升[(99.04±31.53)mL/(min·1.73 m2)、(102.34±38.49)mL/(min·1.73 m2)vs(79.93±18.14)mL/(min·1.73 m2);(7.09±1.03)、(6.68±0.95)vs(6.16±0.91)],对照组GFR术后24 h与术前比较[(99.64±34.88)mL/(min·1.73 m2)vs(79.51±20.34)mL/(min·1.73 m2)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后48 h[(80.88±29.39)mL/(min·1.73 m2)]与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组术后24 h、48 h血液HCO3-、K+与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 行冠脉造影/介入患者围造影期使用碳酸氢钠水化干预能降低CIN的发生率,有效地保护肾脏功能.     

低渗及等渗对比剂对心衰患者肾功能的影响

目的观察低渗及等渗对比剂对心衰患者肾功能的影响。方法选择2007年1月～2009年12月于我院接受冠脉造影（CAG）和/或介入治疗（PCI）合并心功能纽约分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的患者128例,随机分为低渗组及等渗组。其中低渗组78例,等渗组50例,两组患者术前及术后72h均测定血清肌酐（Scr）及半胱胺酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）水平,计算对比剂肾病的发生率。结果两组术后Scr及CysC平均峰值水平较术前有所升高,其中低渗组Scr峰值平均升高11.2umol/L,CysC平均峰值增加0.12mg/L;等渗组Scr峰值平均升高10.6umol/L,CysC平均峰值增加0.11mg/L。低渗组对比剂肾病发病率为16.7%,等渗组对比剂肾病发病率为16.0%,二者比较无明显统计学差异（p〉0.05）。结论低渗与等渗对比剂在心衰患者中对肾功能的影响无明显差异。     

急性心肌梗死病人经皮冠状动脉介入术后对比剂肾病的危险因素分析

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素.方法:选取110例行急诊PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死病人,根据是否CIN分为CIN组和非CIN组,比较2组病人的一般资料、基础疾病、术前用药情况、对比剂使用情况等,分析CIN的危险因素.结果:2组病人的性别、年龄、体质量指数、血糖水平和血脂异常、高血压、既往心肌梗死、既往脑梗死例数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2组的肾功能不全、糖尿病、贫血例数和血清肌酐(SCr)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血红蛋白水平及肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肌酸激酶(CK)峰值、对比剂用量(CMV)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01).其中,肾功能不全、SCr、eGFR、CMV、CMV/eGFR和LVEF、hs-CRP、对糖尿病、贫血均为CIN的独立影响因素(P<0.05~P<0.01).结论:除一般认为的肾功能不全、大剂量对比剂等危险因素外,糖尿病、高水平hs-CRP和CMV/eGFR等CIN危险因素也需引起足够重视.     

冠脉造影对糖尿病患者胱抑素C和肾功能的影响

目的:观察冠脉造影对糖尿病患者胱抑素C(CysC)和肾功能的影响,探讨造影剂肾病(CIN)发生的危险因素及其防治方法.方法:选取在我院行冠状动脉造影术患者78例,分为糖尿病组42例,对照组36例,于造影术前及术后第1,2,7天检测血清胱抑素C和肾功能.结果:糖尿病患者造影术后1 d血CysC明显升高,与术前相比有统计学...     

肾功能正常或轻度损害患者接受冠状动脉造影术后发生对比剂肾病的危险因素分析

 目的 研究eGFR≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者在冠状动脉造影术后的对比剂肾病(contrast induced nephropathy,CIN)发病率,分析CIN发病的临床危险因素。方法 收录2009年2月至12月在复旦大学附属华山医院择期行冠脉造影术、eGFR≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者中发生CIN的病例,并行性别、年龄配对分析。用病例报告表记录患者的基线资料,用Logistic回归分析CIN的临床危险因素,用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果 543例接受血管造影术且eGFR≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者中共17例发生CIN,发病率3.13%。CIN发病的临床危险因素包括基线高敏C反应蛋白(high sensieivity C reactive protein,hs CRP)水平升高及术前未连续口服阿司匹林(100 mg/天)超过1月。结论 在eGFR≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者中,CIN发病率<5%,发病危险因素可能为基线hs CRP水平升高和术前未连续口服阿司匹林1月以上。