学龄前儿童注意缺陷-多动障碍的行为问题分析

目的对学龄前注意缺陷-多动障碍儿童的行为问题特征进行分析.方法选择南京市城市一个街道,农村一个乡的3～6岁学龄前儿童,经CBC L量表筛查后,按DSM-Ⅳ诊断的ADHD.并将ADHD儿童与正常儿童的CBCL行为问题因子进行对 照.结果学龄前儿童ADHD的发病率为2.49%,男孩与女孩的比例为1 .8:1,CBCL与DSM-Ⅳ的诊断符合率为88.57%,ADHD儿童的大多数CBCL行为问题因子分均明显高于正常儿童, 两组之间的差别具有非常显著性意义.结论学龄前儿童ADHD是一种发病率较高的儿童心理卫生问题且大多伴有行为问题,包括外向性行为和内向性行为问题.     

伴对立违抗障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍儿童行为特征

目的 了解注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)及伴对立违抗障碍(ODD)患儿的行为特点.方法 采用二阶段流行病学调查方法,对湖南省六地区9495名儿童用半定式诊断检查表(K-SADS-PL)和DSMⅣ诊断标准进行临床诊断.凡符合ADHD和ADHD+ODD诊断标准的儿童由父母填写Achenbach儿童行为量表.从筛查阴性者中随机抽取正常对照组儿童.结果 (1)单纯ADHD组、ADHD+ODD组CBCL各行为问题得分高于正常儿童对照组(P<0.01),ADHD+ODD组的违纪问题[(4.10±3.17)分,(2.68±2.63)分]、攻击行为[(8.80±6.34)分,(6.85±5.69)分]、外向性问题[(12.90±9.09)分,(9.54±7.88)分]、行为问题总分[(36.39±25.59),(30.35±24.32)]高于ADHD组.(2)ADHD组各社会能力得分低于正常儿童对照组(P<0.01),ADHD+ODD组学校分及社会能力总分低于正常儿童对照组(P<0.01).结论 ADHD患儿行为问题的发生高于正常儿童,合并ODD的ADHD患儿行为问题更加严重.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童128例智力结构及行为问题分析

目的：探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的智力结构及临床行为特点,为临床进行有效干预提供依据。方法：选取ADHD儿童128例入组,相同年龄的正常儿童80例为对照组,采用韦氏儿童智力量表（C—WISC）、Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL,家长用）评定,进行比较分析。结果：ADHD组儿童总智商（FIQ）多在正常范围且低于正常对照组,操作智商（PIQ）高于言语智商（VIQ）（P〈0．01）。CBCL量表中ADHD儿童组的活动能力、交际能力、学校情况分值均低于正常儿童组,行为问题总分高于正常儿童（P〈0．05）。结论：ADHD儿童智商较正常儿童低,且智力发展存在不平衡,言语能力落后于操作能力。对比正常儿童,社交能力差,行为问题多。     

注意缺陷多动障碍临床亚型行为问题

目的 比较注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）临床亚型和正常儿童的行为问题；探讨感觉统合失调与行为问题的关系。方法 将符合DSM-Ⅳ ADHD诊断标准者92例分为PI型56例，HI型8例、CT型28例，比较ADHD临床亚型和正常儿童的行为问题及感觉统合失调与行为问题的关系。结果 ADHD组PI、HI、CT型存在行为问题者分别为22例、2例、20例，各亚型行为问题的发生率分别为39．3％、25％、71．4％。差异有显著性（X^2=9．558，P=0．008），两两比较显示PI与CT差异有显著性（X^2=7．714，P=0．005）。HI与CT差异显著（X^2=3．859，P=0．049）。ADHD组感觉统合功能正常者、轻度失调者、重度失调者行为问题发生率分别为23．1％、31．8％、59．6％，差异有显著性（X^2=8．644，P=0．013）。结论 ADHD各临床亚型行为问题发生率不同，以混合型最高；ADHD合并感觉统合失调者更易出现行为问题。     

原发性夜间遗尿症儿童行为问题及相关因素研究

目的探讨原发性夜间遗尿症（PNE）儿童的行为问题及相关因素,为早期心理干预提供依据。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）对36例单纯PNE儿童、26例PNE＋注意缺陷多动（ADHD）儿童和36例正常儿童进行对照研究,并对其行为问题的影响因素进行分析。结果各组儿童行为问题检出率分别为：单纯PNE儿童36.11%、PNE＋ADHD组儿童45.15%,正常儿童11.11%。各年龄段儿童行为问题检出率分别为5～8岁13.33%、9～12岁25.00%,13～17岁33.33%。CBCL量表各因子：单纯PNE组和对照组比较,抑郁、交往不良、社交退缩,行为问题总分差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;单纯PNE组和PNE＋ADHD组比较,多动、违纪,行为问题总分差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。相关因素分析显示影响PNE儿童行为问题最主要的因素为年龄,父母文化程度和家庭收入。结论PNE儿童存在行为学异常,伴有ADHD时更为严重;年龄越大行为问题的检出率越高提示认为行为问题随年龄增大而自然消失是不正确的;父母文化程度及家庭收入越高,行为问题检出率越低。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力的对照研究

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是常见的儿童行为问题[1].近几年来国内对本症已有大量报道。本文对ADHD儿童的智力进行了研究,为ADHD儿童的诊治、教育提供科学依据。1对象与方法1.1对象根据DSM－4诊断标准[2]和CCMD－Ⅱ－R诊断标准[3],采用conners简明症状问卷对南京市两所中等水平小学三～五年级的学生进行筛查,诊断了35名ADHD儿重,其中,男生27名,女生8名;年龄在9岁17名、10岁10名,11岁8名。另选择与之匹配的同一学校同年级、同性别、年龄相近者为对照组。两组儿童出生日期上下相差在0～6个月之间。平均年龄分别为9.86±0.80…     

学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍73例儿童韦氏智力量表结果特征分析

目的 探讨学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童韦氏智力测验特征。 方法 2018年1—12月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院心理行为门诊选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM-5)诊断标准的学龄前ADHD儿童73例,采用韦氏幼儿智力量表(WPPSI-Ⅳ)进行测验,并进行统计分析。 结果 学龄前ADHD儿童各子量表得分之间比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.770,P=0.001),其中视觉空间得分高于其他子量表得分,而加工速度得分低于语言理解、视觉空间及工作记忆,差异存在统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。学龄前ADHD儿童非言语指数较言语接收指数得分低(t=2.342,P=0.021),认知效率指数较一般能力指数低(t=2.339,P=0.021),差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05)。ADHD各不同类型间全量表得分存在显著差异,注意缺陷型儿童全量表标准分低于多动冲动型及混合型(P＜0.05)。 结论 学龄前ADHD儿童存在一定的视觉认知优势及认知效率低下的内部特征。通过分析韦氏幼儿智力量表,了解儿童认知发展状况并为学龄前ADHD儿童开展针对性的认知行为干预训练,进行行为治疗提供一定帮助。      

原发性夜间遗尿症儿童行为问题及相关因素研究

目的 探讨原发性夜间遗尿症(PNE)儿童的行为问题及相关因素,为早期心理干预提供依据.方法 采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对36例单纯PNE儿童、26例PNE+注意缺陷多动(ADHD)儿童和36例正常儿童进行对照研究,并对其行为问题的影响因素进行分析.结果 各组儿童行为问题检出率分别为:单纯PNE儿童36.11%、PNE+ADHD组儿童45.15%,正常儿童11.11%.各年龄段儿童行为问题检出率分别为5～8岁13.33%、9～12岁25.00%,13～17岁33.33%.CBCL量表各因子:单纯PNE组和对照组比较,抑郁、交往不良、社交退缩,行为问题总分差异有显著性 (P ＜0.05);单纯PNE组和PNE+ADHD组比较,多动、违纪,行为问题总分差异有显著性 (P ＜0.05).相关因素分析显示影响PNE儿童行为问题最主要的因素为年龄,父母文化程度和家庭收入.结论 PNE儿童存在行为学异常,伴有ADHD时更为严重;年龄越大行为问题的检出率越高提示认为行为问题随年龄增大而自然消失是不正确的;父母文化程度及家庭收入越高,行为问题检出率越低.     

惠州市儿童注意缺陷多动障碍共患病现状调查

目的：了解惠州市注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）共患病的发病情况。方法对符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第4版）》（DSM －Ⅳ）诊断的 ADHD 儿童及青少年采用韦氏智力测定、Achenbach 儿童行为量表、Conner′s 儿童行为量表、对立违抗诊断量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、学习障碍筛查量表进行 ADHD 共患病调查。结果ADHD 共患其他精神障碍性疾病152例,共患率61.3％,男女比例6.6∶1。其中共患对立违抗性障碍79例（31.9％）,品行障碍14例（5.6％）,焦虑障碍22例（8.9％）,心境障碍23例（9.3％）,抽动障碍38例（15.3％）,学习困难98例（39.5％）。共患焦虑障碍女童多于男童,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。共患其他精神障碍疾病男女差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。学习困难共患率6～11岁组明显低于12～16岁组（P ＜0.05）。结论对立违抗性障碍和学习困难的共病率最高,应该重点防治。 ADHD 共患学习困难的儿童应该及早控制核心症状。     

铜陵市学龄前儿童孤独症行为的现况研究

目的：研究城市学龄前儿童孤独症行为的现况。方法：采用整群抽样方法，对铜陵市区3559名3－5岁儿童进行横断面研究，用克氏孤独症行为量表和儿童及父母有关情况调查问卷进行调查。结果：儿童孤独症行为检出率为11．8％，男女性分别为13．5％和9．9％； 胎龄、出生月份、新生儿期住院天数及不同父母文化程度不同的儿童孤独症行为检出率间具有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论：城市学龄前儿童中存在孤独症行为问题；儿童孤独症行为与父母文化程度及儿童性别、出生季节、早产、过期产、新生期住院等自身情况有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.