胰岛素对ICR小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

目的研究ICR小鼠胚胎体外培养时,添加胰岛素的作用、浓度及所需阶段．方法用添加不同浓度胰岛素的mKSOM培养基对小鼠胚胎进行体外培养及选择最适浓度对不同阶段鼠胚进行体外培养,观察囊胚发育率和囊胚细胞数的变化．结果所有添加胰岛素的浓度组,囊胚发育率均高于对照组,其中0．005μg／mL和0．05μg／mL浓度组囊胚细胞数显著高于对照组和其他各浓度组．2-细胞至4-细胞、4-细胞至桑椹胚前添加胰岛素囊胚率显著高于对照组和其他实验组．结论在ICR小鼠胚胎体外培养时添加胰岛素能够促进胚胎发育;胰岛素浓度增至μg／mL对在ICR小鼠胚胎无毒性作用;在ICR小鼠胚胎体外培养的适宜胰岛素浓度为0．005μG／mL和0．05μG／mL;2-细胞至4-细胞、4-细胞至桑椹胚前添加胰岛素更加重要．     

GnRH类似物促进人早期胚胎体外发育能力的实验研究

目的研究促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）类似物对人类早期胚胎体外发育能力的影响.方法IVF的受精卵进行体外培养.实验一的培养基中,GnRH类似物的浓度分别是0,0.1,0.2,0.5,0.8和1.0μg/mL;实验二的培养基中都含有0.5μg/mL的GnRH类似物,而GnRH拮抗剂的浓度分别为0,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.0和1.2μg/mL.结果培养基中的GnRH类似物浓度在0.5μg/mL及以上时,实验组的桑椹胚/囊胚生成率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,而且,实验组的8-细胞期胚胎形成率也同时显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）.培养基中含0.8μg/mL及以上浓度的GnRH拮抗剂时,实验组的桑椹胚/囊胚生成率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,而且8-细胞期胚胎形成率也显著降低（P〈0.05）.结论GnRH类似物对体外培养的人早期胚胎有促进分裂的作用,这种促进早期胚胎发育的效果在8-细胞期就能显现出来.GnRH拮抗剂能抵消GnRH类似物对早期胚胎发育的促进效果.     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ对小鼠早期胚胎体外发育的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)对小鼠早期胚胎的影响,为人类胚胎培养系统的优化提供依据.方法 在mKSOM培养基中加入不同浓度的IGF-Ⅱ,Xgd,鼠1-细胞胚胎进行体外培养,观察囊胚发育率、孵化率及胚胎细胞数的变化.结果 小鼠1-细胞胚胎体外培养120 h后,IGF-Ⅱ添加组囊胚发育率、孵化率显著高于对照组,但囊胚细胞计数与对照组无明显差别.结论 添加IGF-Ⅱ对小鼠胚胎发育具有一定的促进作用.     

子宫内膜上皮细胞与小鼠胚胎共培养对小鼠胚胎早期发育的影响

目的:采用子宫内膜上皮细胞与小鼠胚胎共培养,观察其对早期胚胎体外发育的影响。方法:对小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞进行分离、培养鉴定,然后与体外受精的小鼠胚胎进行共培养,观察共培养对小鼠胚胎卵裂率、孵化率以及囊胚期胚胎总细胞数的影响。结果:与无上皮细胞相比,共培养明显促进了小鼠桑椹胚率(71.3%和61.2%,P<0.05),囊胚率(50.0%和39.7%,P<0.05),囊胚孵化率(34.8%和24.3%,P<0.05)和胚胎总细胞数(44.1和35.6,P<0.05)。结论:子宫内膜上皮细胞能够促进小鼠胚胎的体外发育,对早期胚胎的体外发育环境具有优化作用。     

小鼠体外受精及其胚胎体外培养的比较研究

目的 通过比较不同品系小鼠体外受精情况以及不同培养液对C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎体外培养效果的实验,进一步完善小鼠体外受精和早期胚胎体外培养体系.方法 对C57BL/6J、DBA/2、FVB/NJ、BALB/c、KM、ICR及BARR Ⅱ小鼠进行超排和体外受精,并对C57BL/6J小鼠体外受精后的2-细胞胚胎用HTF、CZB、KSOM、M16、HECM五种培养液在相同条件下进行体外培养到囊胚,计算4-细胞～囊胚的发育率.结果 各品系小鼠平均排卵数为13.0～38.7个(P＜0.01),体外受精率为70.2%～92.8%(P＜0.05).不同培养液至4-细胞的发育率为60.3%～95.8%,其中KSOM的4-细胞发育率为95.8%,最适合2-细胞向4-细胞的发育.8-细胞发育率为52.8%～91.1%,桑椹胚发育率为40.6%～87.5%,囊胚发育率为5.1%～75.4%,各阶段胚胎发育率均差异显著.其中适合于金黄仓鼠桑椹胚、囊胚发育的HECM-2并不支持C57BL/6J囊胚的发育,其囊胚发育率只有5.1%,CZB最适合其囊胚的发育.结论 遗传背景是影响小鼠超排及体外受精效果的主要因素之一.葡萄糖的存在不利于克服2-细胞发育阻断,胚胎在8-细胞期以前,主要能源物质不是葡萄糖,直到桑椹胚后期,葡萄糖才是主要的能量物质.磷酸盐可引起胚胎发育阻断.氨基酸和EDTA有利于克服胚胎发育阻滞.     

小鼠早期胚胎几种不同培养方法的比较

目的探讨小鼠胚胎体外发育中的最佳培养方案。方法将从超排的ICR雌鼠输卵管内收集的1-细胞放入无糖CZB中培养,分别于2-细胞、4-细胞、桑椹胚阶段更换入含3.0 mmol/L葡萄糖(最适浓度)的CZB中,以及胚胎培养全程均在含糖CZB中更换1次培养液、胚胎培养全程均在含糖CZB中不更换培养液,对照组胚胎培养全程均在无糖CZB中,观察记录胚胎的发育情况。结果2-细胞、4-细胞阶段换入含糖CZB中的序贯培养及培养全程在含糖CZB中单一培养,囊胚率均高于对照组(P0.05);桑椹胚阶段换入含糖CZB中的序贯培养,囊胚率与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2-细胞、4-细胞阶段换入含糖CZB中的序贯培养与全程在含糖CZB中的两步法单一培养及一步法单一培养,囊胚率分别为46.5%、38.4%、41.7%、56.6%,其差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在小鼠早期胚胎体外发育中,2-细胞至桑椹胚前对葡萄糖存在依赖性;尽管序贯培养是有效的,但并不一定优于一步单一培养。     

不同浓度表皮生长因子对小鼠2-细胞胚胎体外发育的影响

目的:研究不同浓度表皮生长因子(ep iderm al growth factor,EGF)对ICR小鼠2-细胞胚胎体外发育的影响。方法:在mKSOM培养液中添加不同浓度(0.1,1.0,10和100 ng/m l)的EGF对小鼠2-细胞胚胎进行体外培养72 h、96 h,观察囊胚发育率、孵化率和胚胎细胞数的变化。结果:实验组加入四种不同浓度EGF胚胎培养72 h后,其囊胚率分别为93.8%、92.4%、91.8%、91.2%;96 h后其孵出率分别为61.1%、61.8%、63.0%、60.1%,均显著高于对照组(79.9%、43.1%,P<0.05),囊胚细胞数分别为73.1±13.4、73.8±7.0、74.3±12.2、77.6±8.2,与对照组(72.1±6.9)比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);四个实验组间差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:EGF浓度在0.1,1.0,10和100 ng/m l范围内可提高体外培养鼠胚的囊胚率与孵出率;胚囊细胞数无变化;不同浓度EGF对早期鼠胚未见有毒性作用。     

表皮生长因子对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

目的 探讨表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及受精的作用.方法 在体外成熟液中分别添加0、0.1、1、5、10ng/Mlegf,12h后检查成熟率,并观察EGF对体外受精的影响.结果 添加5ng/Ml和10ng/Mlegf组卵母细胞第一极体排出率较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),并且5ng/Ml组的效果显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);比较培养液中添加以上浓度EGF对体外受精胚发育的影响,结果发现添加5ng/Ml EGF虽不能显著提高囊胚发育率(P>0.05),但可显著提高其通过二细胞阻滞率和囊胚孵化率(P<0.01).结论 EGF对小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟及受精有促进作用,可提高体外成熟率及囊胚孵化率,还可促进受精卵通过二细胞阻滞.     

KSOM培养基营养成分调整对小鼠植入前期胚体外发育的影响

目的囊胚发育率低和发育迟缓是继““2-细胞阻滞““解决后小鼠胚胎体外培养中面临的两大问题.本实验通过对 KSOM培养基营养成分的调整,观察对胚胎发育的影响,优化培养基的构成.方法采用微滴培养法培养昆明小鼠单细胞胚胎,以胚胎发育到囊胚的比例、孵出比例以及注射hCG后120 h囊胚全细胞数作为判断培养效果的标准,比较 KSOM在葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白、氨基酸3种营养物质不同浓度下对小鼠植入前胚体外培养的效果.结果在未加氨基酸时葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白的变化对注射hCG后120 h囊胚形成率、囊胚全细胞数影响不大,添加氨基酸后,囊胚发育速度提高,部分孵出和全部孵出比例提高,囊胚全细胞数增大明显,且葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白与氨基酸对囊胚的发育有共同促进的作用.结论通过添加适量的氨基酸、葡萄糖、BSA改良KSOM培养基能很好的促进小鼠植入前胚体外发育.     

KSOM培养基营养成分调整对小鼠植入前期胚体外发育的影响

目的 囊胚发育率低和发育迟缓是继“2-细胞阻滞”解决后小鼠胚胎体外培养中面临的两大问题。本实验通过对KSOM培养基营养成分的调整,观察对胚胎发育的影响,优化培养基的构成。方法 采用微滴培养法培养昆明小鼠单细胞胚胎,以胚胎发育到囊胚的比例、孵出比例以及注射hCG后120h囊胚全细胞数作为判断培养效果的标准,比较KSOM在葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白、氨基酸3种营养物质不同浓度下对小鼠植入前胚体外培养的效果。结果 在未加氨基酸时葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白的变化对注射hCG后120h囊胚形成率、囊胚全细胞数影响不大,添加氨基酸后,囊胚发育速度提高,部分孵出和全部孵出比例提高,囊胚全细胞数增大明显,且葡萄糖、牛血清白蛋白与氨基酸对囊胚的发育有共同促进的作用。结论 通过添加适量的氨基酸、葡萄糖、BSA改良KSOM培养基能很好的促进小鼠植入前胚体外发育。     

Effect of Insulin on Development of ICR Mouse Embryos in Vitro

Objective To study the effects and the appropriate concentration of insulin on the development of mouse embryos in vitro, and the effects of insulin on the development of different stages of embryos.Methods Mouse embryos were cultured in vitro in the mKSOM media supplemented with insulin at different concentrations and with insulin during different stages of embryos. The blastocyst rates and the cell numbers were counted.Results Additions of insulin significantly increased the rates of blastocyst and the total cell numbers. The concentrations of 0.005 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml insulin caused a significant increase in the total cell numbers compared with the control and experimental groups. Addition of insulin from 2-cell to 4-cell stage or from the 4-cell to morula stage, significantly increased the blastocyst rates compared with control and experi-mental groups.Conclusion Insulin can promote the development of mouse embryos in vitro. The appropriate concentration of insulin added in mKSOM was 0.005 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml.Exposure of embryos to insulin, beginning at the 2-cell and extending to the 4-cell stage or beginning at the 4-cell and extending to the morula stage, is important for the development of ICR mouse embryos in vitro.     

氨基酸浓度对昆明小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

目的探讨培养液中氨基酸成分对植入前昆明小白鼠胚胎发育的影响,摸索植入前胚胎体外培养氨基酸的最佳浓度。方法从超排昆明小鼠输卵管中取出的630枚受精卵均分为7组,分别在经添加不同浓度Eagle's氨基酸的去牛血清白蛋白KSOM培养液(mKSOM、mKSOM 1/16AA、mKSOM 1/8AA、mKSOM 1/4AA、mKSOM 1/2AA、mKSOM AA、mKSOM 2AA)中培养,对比观察各组胚胎体外发育的过程。用卡方检验分析添加各浓度氨基酸的培养液培养效率的差别,并将8细胞发育率和囊胚发育率分别与相应的氨基酸浓度进行曲线拟合分析。结果与未添加氨基酸组对比,添加氨基酸组胚胎发育率高,8细胞胚和囊胚的形成率与培养液中氨基酸的浓度关系均符合三次模型,在氨基酸为1/2浓度时8细胞胚和囊胚的形成率均达到最高。结论氨基酸对胚胎的体外发育有促进作用,但含有高浓度氨基酸的培养液培养效果反而有所下降,可能是由于高浓度的氨基酸影响胚胎的代谢和渗透压的改变,且氨基酸分解及胚胎代谢所产生的铵对胚胎有毒性作用。     

氨基酸浓度对昆明小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

目的探讨培养液中氨基酸成分对植入前昆明小白鼠胚胎发育的影响,摸索植入前胚胎体外培养氨基酸的最佳浓度.方法从超排昆明小鼠输卵管中取出的630枚受精卵均分为7组,分别在经添加不同浓度Eagle‘s氨基酸的去牛血清白蛋白KSOM培养液(mKSOM、mKSOM 1/16AA、mKSOM 1/8AA、mKSOM 1/4AA、mKSOM 1/2AA、mKSOM AA、mKSOM 2AA)中培养,对比观察各组胚胎体外发育的过程.用卡方检验分析添加各浓度氨基酸的培养液培养效率的差别,并将8细胞发育率和囊胚发育率分别与相应的氨基酸浓度进行曲线拟合分析.结果与未添加氨基酸组对比,添加氨基酸组胚胎发育率高,8细胞胚和囊胚的形成率与培养液中氨基酸的浓度关系均符合三次模型,在氨基酸为 1/2浓度时8细胞胚和囊胚的形成率均达到最高.结论氨基酸对胚胎的体外发育有促进作用,但含有高浓度氨基酸的培养液培养效果反而有所下降,可能是由于高浓度的氨基酸影响胚胎的代谢和渗透压的改变,且氨基酸分解及胚胎代谢所产生的铵对胚胎有毒性作用.     

Effects of Placental Isoferritin on the Mouse Embryo Development in vitro

To investigate the effect of placental isoferritin （PLF） on mouse embryo development in vitro, mice 2-cell embryos were co-cultured with human first trimester decidual cells at different concentrations of PLF in vitro. The following changes of the above system were observed under an invert microscope and the number of embryos were recorded and the embryos were classified. The results showed there was no significant difference in the percentage of embryos development to 4-cell 8-cell and morula （P〉0.05）. PLF at the doses of 10 and 100 U/mL significantly enhanced more embryos development to the blastocyst and hatching blastocyst （P〈0.05）. PLF at the dose of 1000 U/mL depressed more embryos development from 2-cell to hatching blastocyst, meanwhile such phenomena as cell degeneration and irregular cleavage were observed in part of embryos, but there was no significant difference in statistics （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that PLF at the concentration of 10-- 100 U/mL had no significant effects on the early development of mice embryos, however, PLF could promote the growth, differentiation, and hatching of preimplantion blastocysts.     

Effect of Different High CO2 Concentrations on the Development of 2-cell Mouse Embryos in vitro

Objective To investigate effects of differen high CO2 concentrations on the develop- ment of 2-cell mouse embryos in vitro Methods At levels of 5 % CO2 (control group), 5.7 % CO2, 6.0% CO2 and 15% CO2,embryos were incubated in drops with CZB medium, respectively, and the drops were covered by paraffin oil which was treated with three-distilled water. In addition, at the level of 15 % CO2, there were another two groups, in which paraffin oil was treated with phosibhate-buffered saline (PBS ) solution or the drops were uncovered. The development of embryos in all stages was noted. Results The developmental rates of blastocysts in five experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0. 01). At the level of 5.7% CO2, the developmental rate of blastocysts was 4. 3%, and those of other experimental groups were O. At the levels of 5.7 % and 6.0 % CO2, embryos were blocked in the 2cell or the 4-cell stage, and no significant difference was showed between the two groups (P＞0. 05). At the level of 15% CO2, 15% embryos developed in the 4cell stage with irregular blastomere and degenerated quickly in the group which paraffin oil was treated with distilled water~ 2.2 % embryos developed in the 4-cell stage in the group which paraffin oil was treated with PBS and the rest stagnated in the 2-cell stage. Conclusions High CO2 concentrations had toxice effect on the vitro development of 2-cell mouse embryos, and was responsible for teh inhibition of thedevelopment of the embryos. It isimportant for the development of embryos in vitro to detect strictly CO2 concentration.     

不同品系小鼠胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存的比较研究

目的　研究甘油作为冷冻保护剂、不同基因型小鼠对胚胎玻璃化冷冻的影响。方法　采用 6 5mol L的甘油作为冷冻保护剂 ,采用二步法对CBA、NOD、C57BL 6J、ICR及CD1小鼠 3 5d的胚胎进行玻璃化冷冻 ,并比较了不同品系小鼠胚胎的复苏率及移植受孕率。结果和结论　CBA、NOD、C57BL 6J,ICR及CD1的复苏率分别为 5 7 6 %、4 8%、31 3%、86 5 %及 88% ,移植受孕率为 2 1%、2 3 5 %、11%、38%和 35 5 % ,封闭群小鼠的胚胎复苏率、移植受孕率均显著高于近交系小鼠。这提示胚胎的复苏率及移植受孕率可能与小鼠的不同基因型有关。五个品系中 ,桑椹胚及早期囊胚的体外复苏率均显著高于扩张囊胚。这说明不同基因型及胚胎的不同发育阶段对胚胎玻璃化冷冻效果有影响