失代偿心力衰竭患者血钠水平与三尖瓣收缩期位移及肾小球滤过率的关系

目的 研究失代偿心力衰竭患者血钠水平与三尖瓣收缩期位移及肾小球滤过率的关系。方法 选取经超声心动图证实的左心室射血分数（LVEF） ≤ 45%,且NYHA心功能分级在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的失代偿心力衰竭患者116例,入院当天收集身高、体重、收缩压/舒张压等一般资料,第2日空腹抽血测定血电解质,尿素及肌酐等生化指标;血清N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平。选用改良MDRD方程计算肾小球滤过率估算值（eGFR）。入院48h内行超声心动图测定三尖瓣收缩期位移（TAPSE）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVED）、右心室舒张末期内径（RVED）、肺动脉收缩压（PASP）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）。根据血清钠水平将全部入选病例分为低钠血症组（血清钠 ≤ 135mmol/L,n=52）与正常血钠组（血清钠>135mmol/L,n=64）。对比两组上述一般资料、生化指标以及超声学指标差异。此外,对低钠血症组,以血钠水平分别与TAPSE、eGFR进行直线相关分析,同时将TAPSE与eGFR进行直线相关分析。结果 ①低钠血症组NT-proBNP显著高于正常血钠组（P=0.032）,TAPSE降低及eGFR下降与血钠正常组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.015,P=0.004）;②直线相关分析显示,低钠血症组其血钠水平与TAPSE降低及eGFR下降均呈正相关（r=0.785;r=0.702）。同时,低钠血症组TAPSE下降与eGFR下降亦呈正相关（r=0.630）。结论 失代偿心力衰竭患者低钠血症与TAPSE下降及eGFR降低之间密切相关,可作为早期识别此类患者发生肾功能恶化的简便而实用临床预测指标。     

全段甲状旁腺激素预测慢性肾脏病肾功能损伤和肾性贫血的价值

目的 探讨全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者肾功能损伤和肾性贫血中的预测价值。方法 选取2018年1月至2021年10月就诊于安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院肾脏内科的250例CKD患者作为研究对象,根据患者CKD病情分期分为CKD早期组(n=100)、CKD晚期组(n=150),同时选取50例体检结果无明显异常的健康体检人群作为健康对照组。分析不同CKD分期患者iPTH水平与肾功能损伤和肾性贫血之间的相关性。结果 Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者血红蛋白(Hb)和肾小球滤过率(eGFR)与血清iPTH水平呈负相关(r_Hb=-0.415,r_eGFR=-0.736,P<0.05),尿素(Ur)、肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素C (Cys)和磷(P)与iPTH水平呈正相关(r_Ur=0.662、r_SCr=0.812、r_Cys=0.756、r_P=0.423,P<0.05);多重线性回归分析表明iPTH是CKD患者eGFR (β=-3.324,P=0.003)和Hb浓度(β=-3.125,P＜0.001)的独立影响因素。通过受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,血清iPTH对CKD肾功能损伤和肾性贫血均具有辅助诊断价值(P<0.05),当iPTH取56.25 pg/mL和40.15 pg/mL时具有最大诊断效能。结论 血清iPTH水平是CKD患者肾功能和Hb的独立影响因素,并对CKD患者肾功能损伤和肾性贫血有一定的辅助诊断价值。     

社区获得性肺炎患者血清白蛋白水平与其严重程度及预后的相关性

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者的血清白蛋白(ALB)水平与其严重程度及预后的相关性。 方法 连续选择从2012年1月~2013年12月在嘉定区中心医院急诊科诊断为CAP的患者共256例,根据患者ALB水平分为高值组(≥30g/L,n=229)和低值组(<30g/L,n=27),比较两组患者的临床资料、实验值指标、严重程度、PSI分级及病死率之间的差异性;再依据不同严重程度(如是否重症、PSI评分)及不同预后,分别比较ALB异常率的差异;采用Spearman相关分析对ALB与PSI评分进行相关分析。 结果 ALB低值组的重症率(18.31% vs 7.57%,P=0.021)、病死率(60.00% vs 6.64%,P=0.000)及PSI Ⅳ~Ⅴ级比例(62.96% vs 24.02%,P<0.001)均显著高于ALB高值组。重症组中ALB异常率显著高于非重症组(18.3% vs 7.6%,P=0.021);死亡组中ALB异常率显著高于存活组(60.0% vs 6.6%,P=0.000);ALB异常率随着PSI级别的增高而增高(1.1%、9.7%、22.4%、40.0%,P=0.000);Spearman相关分析显示ALB与PSI评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.531,P=0.000)。 结论 社区获得性肺炎患者的血清白蛋白水平与其严重程度密切相关,对预后有重要的参考价值。     

ACLF相关AKI患者的血清persepsin水平及其诊断价值研究

目的 探讨并发急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）的慢加急性肝衰竭（acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF）患者血清可溶性CD14亚型（persepsin）蛋白水平改变及其用于AKI诊断的价值。方法 纳入2011年2月~2015年6月在笔者医院治疗的HBV相关ACLF患者300例,根据是否并发AKI分为AKI组（n=141）及无AKI（non-AKI）组（n=159）。患者住院时记录一般及实验室指标,检测血清persepsin及胱抑素C（cystatin C,Cys-C）水平。分析persepsin与各项指标的相关性,ROC曲线分析persepsin诊断ACLF患者AKI的效能。结果 AKI组persepsin水平（670.74±459.41pg/ml）显著高于non-AKI组（238.42±191.70pg/ml）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。不同AKI分期persepsin由高至低依次为：AKI-3期 >AKI-2期 >AKI-1期。AKI组患者血清persepsin与eGFR（r=-0.621,P=0.000）呈显著负相关,与TBIL（r=0.192,P=0.022）、WBC（r=0.260,P=0.002）、sCr（r=0.568,P=0.000）、Cys-C（r=0.575,P=0.000）及MELD评分（r=0.272,P=0.000）呈正相关。persepsin用于诊断ACLF并发AKI的AUC为0.836（95%CI：0.787~0.885）,persepsin联合Cys-C的AUC为0.858（95%CI：0.813~0.903）。结论 persepsin水平可反映ACLF患者并发AKI时的肾功能损害严重程度,与Cys-C联合时具有良好的AKI诊断效能。     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶在不同病因所致脑损伤中的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平在不同病因（脑梗死及呼吸衰竭）所致脑损伤的鉴别诊断价值。方法 连续选择2014年10月~2015年10月于上海市嘉定区中心医院急诊科就诊的脑梗死及呼吸衰竭患者,根据不同病因分为脑梗死组（n=63）和呼吸衰竭组（n=31）,比较两组的一般资料及实验室指标（包括NSE）的差异。再根据意识状态分为昏迷组（n=19）和无昏迷组（n=75）,比较NSE水平的差异,并对NSE与相关有意义的指标进行相关分析。结果 所有病例总体NSE异常率为26.6%,呼吸衰竭组的NSE水平显著高于脑梗死组[12.54（12.95）ng/ml vs 11.05（5.80）ng/ml,P=0.046],而TBIL、ALB、PaO₂显著降低（P均<0.05）;昏迷组的NSE水平显著高于无昏迷组[16.35（10.77）ng/ml vs 11.05（4.32）ng/ml,P=0.018]。Spearman相关分析显示NSE与GCS评分呈负相关（r=-0.246,P=0.019）。结论 NSE水平与意识障碍程度密切相关,NSE可能对不同病因所致的脑损伤有一定的鉴别诊断价值。     

血清半乳糖凝集素-3用于2型糖尿病相关肾病的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨血清半乳糖凝集素-3（galectin-3）用于2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者发生糖尿病相关肾病（diabetic kidney disease,DKD）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2009年4月～2015年5月在笔者医院内分泌科及肾内科住院的T2DM患者130 例,根据尿白蛋白及接受透析情况分为尿白蛋白正常至中度增加（A₁期）组（n=49）、中度增加（A₂期）组（n=36）、重度增加（A₃期）组（n=28）及透析组（n=17）。就诊时纪录患者一般情况及常规实验室检测指标。检测患者血清galectin-3及胱抑素C（Csy-C）水平,分析galectin-3与临床指标的相关性。使用ROC曲线分析galectin-3单独及联合Csy-C用于诊断DKD肾功能损害的价值。结果 透析组血清galectin-3水平（87.47±26.65ng/ml）最高,随后依次为A₃期、A₂期、A₁期及健康对照组;eGFR≤15ml/（min·1.73m²）或透析患者galectin-3水平也显著高于其他eGFR情况的患者。所有患者中,galectin-3与尿白蛋白肌酐比（ACR）（r=0.760,P=0.000）及Csy-C（r=0.723,P=0.000）呈正相关,与eGFR（r=-0.768,P=0.000）呈负相关。Galectin-3单独诊断肾功能损害的AUC为0.908（95% CI：0.859～0.958）,联合Csy-C的AUC为0.920（95% CI：0.873～0.967）。结论 T2DM患者血清galectin-3水平升高提示更严重的白蛋白尿及肾功损害,galectin-3单用或联合Csy-C具有良好的对肾功能损害的诊断价值。     

同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系。方法 选取2型糖尿病患者182例,根据颈动脉超声结果分为无斑块组、稳定斑块组、不稳定斑块组及血管狭窄组。观察4组患者的同型半胱氨酸、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白及CRP等指标。结果 动脉狭窄组同型半胱氨酸水平明显高于另外3组(P<0.01),无斑块组同型半胱氨酸水平与不稳定斑块组及动脉狭窄组比较明显降低(P<0.01)。高同型半胱氨酸组脑卒中发生率明显高于低同型半胱氨酸组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,糖尿病患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与年龄呈正相关(r=0.15,P=0.040),与叶酸呈负相关(r=-0.32,P=0.001)。结论 2型糖尿病患者血同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性及脑卒中发生密切相关。     

维生素D类似物对心肌肥厚的抑制作用

目的 探讨维生素D类似物对自发性高血压大鼠(SHRs)心肌肥厚的治疗作用。方法 选取20只1个月大雄性SHR,随机分成高血压对照组(C组,n=5)、洛沙坦组(L组,n=5)、帕立骨化醇组(P组,n=5)、洛沙坦与帕立骨化醇联合用药组(LP组,n=5),进行2个月不同干预。HE染色观察SHR左心室横断面变化,异硫氰酸荧光素标记的麦胚凝集素对左心室细胞膜染色观察心肌细胞变化,Image J软件测量心肌细胞直径大小。Northern blot法观察心肌细胞中心钠素(ANP)和脑钠素(BNP)mRNA的表达。Western blot法观察肾脏中肾素蛋白水平表达,实时定量PCR观察肾脏中mRNA水平表达,RT-PCR法观察心脏中肾素mRNA水平改变。结果 与C组相比,P组出现左心室壁变薄,但LP组左心室壁变薄更明显,C组心肌细胞大且间质增生而LP组的细胞最小(P<0.01)、间质最少。心肌细胞中ANP和BNP的mRNA表达量在LP组最低(P均<0.05)。肾脏中肾素蛋白在L组表达水平最高、在LP组表达明显降低,肾脏中肾素mRNA在L组表达最高、在P组表达最低(P均<0.05),心脏中的肾素mRNA在L组表达水平最强、在LP组表达水平明显降低。结论 维生素D类似物与洛沙坦在抑制左心室心肌肥厚中起协同作用。     

抗核抗体荧光核型与狼疮肾炎病理类型的相关性分析

目的 探讨抗核抗体(ANA)荧光核型与狼疮肾炎病理类型的相关性。方法 采用间接免疫荧光法测定75例行肾活检LN患者的ANA荧光核型, 并与56例无狼疮肾炎的系统性红斑狼疮患者对照, 分析ANA荧光核型与狼疮肾炎病理改变的关系。结果 75例狼疮肾炎患者病理类型分属Ⅰ~Ⅵ型者有12例(16.0%)、38例(50.7%)、3例(4.0%)、9例(12.0%)、12例(16.0%)和1例(1.3%)。75例狼疮肾炎患者ANA均为阳性, 56例无狼疮肾炎患者中54例(96%)ANA阳性。在38例Ⅱ型狼疮肾炎患者中均质型ANA占16(42.1%), 明显高于无狼疮肾炎患者的23.2%(P<0.05)。而在12例Ⅴ型狼疮肾炎中, 11例(91.7%)ANA荧光核型为颗粒型或颗粒型/均质型, 明显高于无狼疮肾炎患者的51.8% (P<0.05) 。结论 均质型ANA与Ⅱ型LN发病有关, 而颗粒型或颗粒型+均质型ANA则可能在Ⅴ型LN病变中发挥作用。     

精神分裂症患者梦威胁模拟水平与敌意归因偏向及精神症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者梦威胁模拟水平与敌意归因偏向及精神症状的关系。方法 选取2017年6月至2019年5月在安徽医科大学附属心理医院精神科住院治疗的精神分裂症患者68例为患者组,另选取本院及周边社区的70例健康志愿者作为对照组。采用梦威胁事件问卷(DTQ)评估患者组和对照组的梦威胁模拟水平,采用中文版模棱两可、目的和敌意问卷(AIHQ-C)评估患者组和对照组的敌意归因偏向,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神分裂症患者的精神症状。结果 患者组DTQ分、AIHQ-C的各项评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,精神分裂症患者DTQ得分与敌意偏向总分(r=0.529,P＜0.05)、责备偏向总分(r=0.398,P＜0.001)、攻击偏向总分(r=0.442,P＜0.05)及阳性症状分(r=0.395,P＜0.05)呈正相关。敌意偏向总分(r=0.507,P＜0.05)、责备偏向总分(r=0.426,P＜0.05)及攻击偏向总分(r=0.481,P＜0.05)与阳性症状分均呈正相关。精神分裂症患者DTQ总分(r=-0.272,P＜0.05)、敌意偏向总分(r=-0.299,P＜0.05)及责备偏向总分(r=-0.397,P＜0.05)与阴性症状分均呈负相关。回归分析显示,精神分裂症患者的敌意偏向与阳性症状均可以预测梦的威胁模拟水平。结论 精神分裂症患者梦的威胁模拟水平过度激活,敌意归因偏向明显,阳性症状及敌意归因偏向均对梦威胁模拟水平有一定影响。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.