不育男性精浆抗流行性腮腺炎病毒抗体测定结果分析

目的观察流行性腮腺炎病毒抗体在男性生殖道分泌液中的分布状况,探讨其对男性生殖功能的影响。方法采用微孔板酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对30例生育男性和110例不育症患者精浆中抗流行性腮腺炎病毒抗体免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)进行了检测。结果不育症患者精浆中腮腺炎病毒IgG阳性者61例(55.5%),抗体平均水平为367 U/ml;IgM阳性者9例(8.2%),抗体平均水平为56U/ml;IgG和IgM同时阳性者4例(3.6%);生育组仅6例(20.0%)IgG呈现阳性,抗体平均水平为148 U/ml,明显低于不育症者。不育症组IgG阳性率以无精子症组最高,IgM阳性率以少精子症组最高。精浆中IgG在精子活动力正常组和不良组、精浆AsAb阳性组和AsAb阴性组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。IgM在WBC精液组和非WBC精液组、精浆AsAb阳性组和AsAb阴性组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。IgG和IgM同时阳性在WBC精液组和非WBC精液组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论精浆中腮腺炎病毒IgG阳性率与精子密度呈正相关。男性感染腮腺炎病毒所致的睾丸炎,可以引起精子数量严重减少或无精子症,并且可以影响精子的活动力,对以后生育功能可能带来不良的影响。     

济南地区献血者中人疱疹病毒8型（HHV 8）IgG抗体的检测及相关危险因素分析

目的：了解人疱疹病毒8型（HHV 8）在济南地区不同献血者中的感染情况，并对其与年龄、性别、HBV、HCV、梅毒螺旋体的相关性进行统计学分析。方法：以HHV 8 ORF K8.1合成多肽为抗原，采用ELISA方法检测献血者血清中相应IgG水平。结果：520份血清中抗HHV 8 ORFK8.1抗体的总体检出率为5.962%（31/520），有随年龄增加而增高的趋势，但与性别、HBV、HCV、梅毒螺旋体的相关性无统计学意义。结论：济南地区献血者中有一定比率的HHV 8感染。采取措施，防止HHV 8经输血传播具有一定的现实意义。     

Assessment of Human DNA Repair （NER） Capacity With DNA Repair Rate （DRR） by Comet Assay

INTRODUCTION DNA repair is a defense system to protect the integrity of genome.Deficiencies in this system can result in the development of cancer.Inter-individual variability in human response to carcinogens have been studied repeatedly.More attention ha…     

THE DURATION OF VIREMIA PATIENTS WITH EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

The duration of viremia in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) was studied using immunofluorescence technique and cell culture assays. The duration of virus in plasma of EHF patients was about 1 week, which was concomitant with the febrile phase of the disease. Comparatively, the separation rate of viruses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was greater (1.8 times) than in plasma, while the detected peak of EHF (in 4-7 days after onset of the disease) was found to be 2 or 3 days less than that of plasma, thus the detectable viremia was prolonged until the 8th to 11th day of the disease. High titre EHF antibody of IgG, TgM was unable to neutralize the virus in human blood. The results revealed that a blood-cell-associated prolonged viremia is one of the characteristics of EHF infection.     

DSRS后肝硬化门脉高压症猪血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度的变化及意义

目的:观测远端脾肾分流术(DSRS)治疗猪肝硬化门脉高压前后门静脉(PV)及脾静脉(SV)、下腔静脉(IVC)血浆中去甲肾上腺素(NA)浓度变化。方法:采用CC l4/乙醇法建立猪肝硬化门脉高压模型,开展远端脾肾分流术(DSRS),术中测量静脉压力,手术前后测定各静脉血浆NA浓度。结果:猪肝硬化门脉高压成模后,PV、SV压力及血浆NA浓度均显著升高,SV血浆NA浓度显著高于PV,IVC血浆NA浓度也显著升高。DSRS术后,SV压力显著下降,PV无明显变化,左肾静脉压力轻度升高(P<0.05)。PV、SV、IVC的血浆NA浓度也无明显变化,但SV血浆NA浓度仍显著高于PV。结论:猪肝硬变门静脉高压症存在着明显的儿茶酚胺类递质——NA的代谢紊乱,在门静脉系统内分布不均,其对全身及内脏血流动力学的影响与门静脉高压症发生发展的关系值得深入研究。     

Failure of routine HIV-1 tests in a case involving transmission with preseroconversion blood components during the infectious window period

CONTEXT: Current screening practices for blood donations have been successful in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through receipt of contaminated blood products. However, HIV-infected blood donations made prior to seroconversion and before high levels of viral replication occur could test negative using both serologic antigen and antibody tests. Testing based on nucleic acid amplification (NAT) is being implemented to screen for HIV-infected blood donated during this period, yet the issue of single vs minipool donation screening remains unresolved. OBJECTIVES: To determine HIV-1 genetic linkage between virus in 2 HIV-1-infected recipients of blood components and virus in the donor, who was HIV antigen and antibody negative at the time of donation; to screen the blood donor's plasma with HIV NAT assays, including those currently proposed for use in US blood donation screening. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case study conducted in October 1997 involving the Communicable Disease Centre, Singapore General Hospital, and the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service, Singapore. SUBJECTS: The blood donor and the 2 recipients of donor platelets and red blood cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genetic analysis of the HIV-1 p17 coding region of gag and the C2V5 region of env to determine the genetic relatedness of virus from the donor and recipients; reactivity in quantitative and qualitative assays, and reactivity in donor screening HIV NAT assays in single donation and minipool screening contexts. RESULTS: Direct DNA sequencing demonstrated identical HIV-1 subtype E viral sequences in the donor and recipients. Based on comparisons of a qualitative and quantitative assay for HIV-1 RNA levels, a low level of viremia (range, 5-39 copies/mL in plasma) was estimated to be in the donor's undiluted blood at the time of donation. Additional testing using donor-screening NAT assays showed consistent detection of HIV RNA in the undiluted donor plasma whereas detection was inconsistent at the 1:16 and 1:24 dilution levels currently used in minipool screening of blood donations in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Transmission of HIV from a blood donor to a platelet recipient and a red blood cell recipient occurred in the preseroconversion infectious window period. The viral load in the implicated donation was estimated to be less than 40 copies/mL of plasma. Current US minipool HIV NAT screening protocols may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect all infectious window-period donations. JAMA. 2000;284:210-214     

人血小板功能抗体及其片段的识别

目的研究特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）特异性IgG抗体及其片段的免疫活性及对血小板聚集功能的影响.方法用改良单克隆抗体特异性俘获血小板抗原技术（MAIPA）检测84例慢性ITP患者血浆中抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅠb/Ⅸ及GPⅥ自身抗体,比浊法血小板聚集试验筛选出自身抗体阳性并能抑制血小板聚集的患者,用蛋白A柱纯化其血浆IgG抗体并用胃蛋白酶制备F（ab＇）2片段.检测纯化的IgG抗体及其酶切片段与血小板GP的结合活性及对正常人血小板聚集功能的影响.结果 （1）84例ITP患者血浆中,48例（57.1%）抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa和/或GPⅠb/Ⅸ和/或GPⅥ自身抗体阳性,其中7例（14.6%）明显抑制了二磷酸腺苷、瑞斯托霉素或胶原诱导的血小板聚集;（2）纯化的IgG及F（ab＇）2片段具有与相应血小板GP的结合活性;（3）4例患者纯化IgG及F（ab＇）2片段具有抑制血小板聚集的功能.结论 F（ab＇）2片段是IgG自身抗体的功能片段,它不但保留了良好的抗原结合活性且可部分抑制血小板聚集功能,为人源化血小板糖蛋白特异性抗体的制备奠定了基础.     

猴副流感病毒5型实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立猴副流感病毒5型（SV5）实时荧光定量PCR方法,并初步应用于猴样本检测。方法根据SV5病毒NP基因保守片段设计特异引物和TaqMan探针,使用分子生物学方法制备质粒标准品,建立SV5实时荧光定量PCR方法;对该方法的线性、敏感性、特异性及稳定性进行测定;并使用该方法对24个猴样品进行检测。结果成功建立SV5实时荧光定量PCR方法;该方法线性范围为（6．8×10^9～6．8×10^5）copy／μL,灵敏度为6．8copy／μL,批内变异系数（CV）为0．63％～8．71％,批间CV为1．52％-12．38％,而且方法特异性好;在24个猴肺样品中未检测出阳性。结论该方法的建立为实验动物和动物源性生物制品中SV5的定量检测奠定了基础。     

改良火箭免疫电泳法测定静脉注射用丙种球蛋白的IgG含量

OBJECTIVE: To establish a specific method for determination of IgG in IVIG. METHODS: The IVIG samples were disposed by acylation and analyzed by Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis. The amount of the IgG in IVIG was calculated by an IgG standard curve. RESULTS: The standard curve by this method has a very good linear relationship: r = 0.9967. The reproducibilities with 3 bathes of IVIG samples (n = 6) are 5.37% +/- 0.21%, 5.28% +/- 0.39% and 5.80% +/- 0.30%. CONCLUSION: This method could be adapted to regular assay in blood products.     

郑州地区183例临床输血不良反应回顾性分析

目的分析本地区不同血液制品的输血不良反应发生率的情况,为血站采用血液制品精细化管理来有效预防输血不良反应提供理论依据。方法统计2017年1～12月河南省红十字血液中心发放至郑州市签订供血合同医院的各类血液制品,收集并查阅同期医院反馈的183例临床输血反应反馈单,记录血液制品种类和输血不良反应类型,比较不同血液制品不良反应的发生率,统计分析不同血液制品引起输血不良反应类型的差异。结果 2017年1～12月共发放血液制品751 490袋,发生输血反应183例,输血不良反应总发生率0. 024%(183/751 490),其中全血、悬浮红细胞、去白悬浮红细胞、普通冰冻血浆和病毒灭活血浆的不良反应发生率分别为1. 869%(2/107)、0. 052%(89/172 366)、0. 024%(15/62 247)、0. 030%(47/155 337)和0. 005%(7/147 460)。输血不良反应以过敏和发热为主,过敏的患者中,由普通冰冻血浆引起的输血反应38例(40. 43%)高于病毒灭活血浆6例(6. 38%),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);发热的患者中,由悬浮红细胞引起的输血反应54例(75. 00%)高于去白悬浮红细胞6例(8. 33%),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论全血的输血不良反应发生率最高,其次为悬浮红细胞和普通冰冻血浆;去白悬浮红细胞和病毒灭活血浆可以显著减少输血不良反应的发生率。     

CSI在成人靶控输注异丙酚麻醉诱导中的监测及评价

目的：评价麻醉深度指数（cerebral state index，CSI）在靶控输注异丙酚麻醉诱导过程中预测患者麻醉深度的精确程度。方法：40例成人全麻手术患者，ASA（American Society of Anesthesiologists）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级，靶控输注异丙酚诱导，最初血浆靶浓度设置在0．5mg／5min增加0．5mg／L，直至改良清醒镇静（modified observer＇s assessment of alertness／sedation，MOAA／S）评分为0后5min停止。试验中监测患者CSI、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure，MAP）、心率（heartrate，HR）、MOAA／S评分、靶控输注系统预测效应部位浓度值。结果：（1）CSI值随MOAA／S评分下降而下降，在MOAA／S评分为0至1，1至2，3至4，4至5时CSI值下降均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。MAP在MOAA／S评分3至2时下降有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。HR在各级MOAA／S评分时差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）CSI，MAP，HR与MOAA／S评分的等级相关系数分别为0．929，0．421，0．085。CSI，MAP，HR在区分不同MOAA／S评分时的预测概率（prediction probability，Pk）分别为0．94，0．67，0．54。（3）CSI与异丙酚靶控输注预测效应部位浓度存在线性回归关系（决定系数R^2=0．833，P〈0．01）。结论：在成人患者靶控输注异丙酚平稳麻醉诱导状态下，CSI能够准确地区分清醒和麻醉后的不同意识水平，可靠地预测麻醉深度。     

靶控输注咪唑安定时脑状态指数和脑电双频谱指数镇静深度监测准确性比较

目的比较脑状态指数(CSI)与脑电双频谱指数(BIS)在咪唑安定镇静深度监测方面的准确性。方法以20例男性志愿者为研究对象,采用血浆靶控输注方式,从30ng/ml开始,达到效应室平衡后,继续增加靶浓度(每次增加10ng/ml),直到挤压斜方肌有反应,即镇静评分(OAA/S)1级。每次达到平衡后评价OAA/S,整个镇静过程中同时监测BIS和CSI。计算BIS、CSI预测不同OAA/S分级的预测概率(Pk),采用概率分析计算受试者出现语言反应消失(LVC)及意识消失(LOR)时的BIS05、BIS50、BIS95和CSI05、CSI50、CSI95。结果在整个镇静过程中,BIS和CSI均与OAA/S有较好的相关性,随镇静程度加深,BIS与CSI都呈进行性下降。用于预测LVC时,BIS和CSI的Pk值分别为84%和74%;用于预测LOR时,BIS和CSI的Pk值分别为79%和68%。出现LVC时,BIS05、BIS50和BIS95分别为85.5、60.6和35.7,CSI05、CSI50和CSI95分别为82.2、65.2和30.3;出现LOR时,BIS05、BIS50和BIS95分别为79.7、47.6和15.6,CSI05、CSI50和CSI95分别为75.9、43.4和11.0。结论在靶控输注咪唑安定镇静时,BIS与CSI都与镇静深度有较好的相关性,且都能预测LVC和LOR,但BIS的预测能力优于CSI。     

Study and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies against Virus of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

This paper summarizes the study and application of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs)against haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus in our department over the past sever-al years. The following six points are discussed: (1) establishment and characterization of thehybridoma cell lines secreting McAbs against HFRS virus and hemagglutinin of the virus: (2) theantigenic analysis of HFRS viruses in China by McAbs: (3) purification and application of theMcAbs: (4) purification and characterization of HFRS virus 50K stnactural protein by McAba-affini-ty chromatography and the McAbs possessing different characteristics: (5) detection of HFRS virusantigen in peripheral blood lymphocytes from HFRS patients by the McAb-IFAT; and (6)development of McAb-ELISA indirect sandwich methods, and detection of HFRS virus antigen andIgM, IgG and/or HI antibodies in human and animals. The results of the studies show that theMcAbs can be used for early diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, preparation of vaccine andimmunotherapy of HFRS.     

Simian virus 40 inhibits differentiation and maturation of rhesus macaque DC-SIGN+-dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are the initiators and modulators of the immune responses. Some species of pathogenic microorganisms have developed immune evasion strategies by controlling antigen presentation function of DC. Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a DNA tumor virus of rhesus monkey origin. It can induce cell transformation and tumorigenesis in many vertebrate species, but often causes no visible effects and persists as a latent infection in rhesus monkeys under natural conditions. To investigate the interaction between SV40 and rhesus monkey DC, rhesus monkey peripheral blood monocyte-derived DC were induced using recombinant human Interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) and infective SV40, the phenotype and function of DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)(+) DC were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Results showed that SV40 can down-regulate the expression of CD83 and CD86 on DC and impair DC-induced activation of T cell proliferation. These findings suggest that SV40 might also cause immune suppression by influencing differentiation and maturation of DC.     

献血员中TT病毒感染的检测及其基因型

目的 了解献血员中ＴＴ病毒感染状况和基因型分布特征,建立ＴＴ病毒感染的检测方法。方法 采用巢式ＰＣＲ,ＥＬＩＳＡ和微孔板杂交－ＥＬＩＳＡ法分别检测ＴＴ病毒ＤＮＡ、抗体ＩｇＧ及基因型。结果 ２６８例血清标本中,ＴＴ病毒ＤＮＡ和抗体ＩｇＧ阳性率分别为１４．９％（４０／２６８）和９．０％（２４／２６８）。职业和无偿献血员ＴＴ病毒ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为３５．２％（３２／９１）和４．５％（８／１７７）,两者比较差异有显著性（χ＾２＝４２．１,Ｐ〈０．００５）;４０例ＴＴ病毒ＤＮＡ阳性血清标本,其病毒核酸基因型均为Ⅰ型。结论 献血员中普遍存在ＴＴ病毒感染,其中职业献血员是感染的高危人群;严格控制职业献血员,大力提倡义务献血非常必要;目前,巢式ＰＣＲ是检测ＴＴ病毒感染的有效方法;研究人群中ＴＴ病毒感染以基因Ⅰ型为主。     

老年病人术中不同容量急性高容量血液稀释的可行性

目的　评估对老年病人输注不同负荷容量的6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)实施急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)的安全性和有效性。方法　选择ASA I~II 级、择期全髋置换术病人24 例,随机分为A组和B组,每组12 例,分别输注6% HES15 ml/kg和20 ml/kg。两组病人均在硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉下实施AHH,全麻诱导后,经中心静脉分别将15 ml/kg和20 ml/kg的6%HES以50 ml/min输注完毕。术中采用无创心功能监护仪连续监测心排血量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏量(SV)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、肺血流量(PCBF), 同时监测CVP 、MAP、HR。分别在AHH前、AHH完毕即刻和术毕记录上述数据。上述各时点和术后1天采集动、静脉血,进行动脉血气分析。记录术中失血量和输液量。结果　两组病人的CI、CVP、CO、PCBF及SV在AHH完毕即刻和术毕较AHH前明显升高(P<0.05);其变化幅度无显著性差异。两组病人的Hb、Hct及Pt在AHH完毕即刻、术毕和术后1天与AHH前相比均降低(P<0.05);两组病人之间的比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。A和B组病人的ACT和血乳酸浓度在AHH前后均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论　在硬膜外复合全麻下,对无严重心肺疾病的老年人采用6%HES按15 ml/kg和20 ml/kg以50 ml/min快速扩容实施AHH是安全有效的。     

乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原基因疫苗对小鼠的体液和细胞免疫原性观察

目的 观察不同品系小鼠（Ｈ－２＾ｂ,Ｈ－２＾ｄ）经乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原（ＨＢｃＡｇ）基因疫苗免疫后特异性辅助性Ｔ细胞反应类型和特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞活性。方法 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ法鉴定该基因疫苗的体外表达产物;基因枪法和肌内注射法接种该基因疫苗;间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测小鼠血清抗－ＨＢｃ ＩｇＧ亚类（ＩｇＧ１,ＩｇＧ２ａ）水平;＾５１铬释放法测定小鼠脾细胞ＨＢｃＡｇ特异性细胞毒性Ｔ细胞活性。结果     

Markers of HIV infection prior to IgG antibody seropositivity

During a 1-year period of study at two plasma collection centers, 7 of 35,000 plasma donors seroconverted to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and had stored plasma samples that predated or antedated the seroconversion period. From each donor, three to eight plasma samples that had been collected at 2- to 7-day intervals were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to HIV with enzyme immunoassays, Western blot testing, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. The presence of an HIV viremic phase was demonstrated by the infectivity of plasma on normal, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by the detection of HIV antigen. In 5 of these donors, HIV antigen was detected prior to or simultaneously with IgG to HIV; these HIV-antigen-positive samples overlapped an IgM immune response. The disappearance of detectable HIV antigen, and to a lesser extent plasma infectivity, was concurrent with the development of an IgG immune response. Although the improved sensitivity of a recombinant DNA-derived anti-HIV screening assay shortened the "window period" between initial HIV infection and antibody detection, HIV antigen and plasma HIV viremia were the only markers of HIV infection for several days in 2 donors. These results demonstrate that HIV plasma viremia and antigenemia occur prior to seroconversion in healthy plasma donors.     

皮下注射登革热病毒-2型建立Balb/c小鼠感染模型

目的：经皮下注射登革热病毒-2型(DEN-2)，建立Balb／c小鼠感染模型，观察DEN-2不同毒株感染情况。方法：用DEN-2NGC株和临床分离株(B株)以不同剂量经皮下多点注射方式感染Balb／c小鼠，通过测量初次、再次感染后小鼠的体温、血小板数量、分离血浆中病毒、间接ELISA检测特异性抗体，观察动物感染模型建立情况。结果：(1)初、再次感染后实验动物可出现弓背、耸毛、震颤、低热、血小板数量降低等登革热(DF)临床表现，从血浆中检测到抗DEN-2 IgM，IgG类抗体，并分离到病毒；(2)两株病毒感染后实验动物的血小板数量及病毒血症期及特异性抗体的变化存在一定的差异。结论：经腹部皮下多点注射DEN，模拟自然感染方式可建立BALB／C小鼠感染模型，其感染情况与感染剂量、感染毒株有关。     

中枢神经系统感染性疾病的病原学研究

目的：探讨中枢神经系统感染性疾病的病原学特点。方法：分别用双抗体夹心ELISA法和传统的细菌及真菌培养等方法检测患者血清IgM，IgG抗体和脑脊髓液中病原体。结果：823例中枢神经系统急症患者中有126例(15．3％)单纯疱疹病毒IgM和／或IgG阳性，其中10岁以下年龄为高峰。10(1．2％)例巨细胞病毒特异性IgM和／或IgG阳性；8(0.97％)例水痘-带状疱疹病毒特异性IgM和／或IgG阳性；7(0．85％)例为结核性脑膜炎；6(0．72％)例为新生隐球菌性脑膜炎；1(0.12％)例为脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎。结论：病毒，特别是单纯疱疹病毒，是中枢神经系统感染性疾病的常见病原：结核杆菌和新生隐球菌感染也占一定比例。