不同力值对小型猪牙根吸收的影响

【目的】建立小型猪正畸牙根吸收动物模型,观察不同力值作用于小型猪下颌乳侧切牙后的牙根吸收情况,研究不同力值对小型猪牙根吸收程度的影响,为正畸临床实践中预防牙根吸收提供参考。【方法】选用北京农业大学提供的6只中国实验用小型猪,5～7月龄,体质量12～16kg（平均体质量13.2kg）,共12颗下颌乳侧切牙,随机分为四组,分别施加力值0、100g、200g、300g,每2周加力1次,术后45天切取标本,连续切片后HE染色,行普通光学显微镜形态观察和图像处理分析,并对牙根吸收指数进行统计学分析,统计方法采用裂区设计的方差分析。【结果】0、100g、200g组均未见明显的牙根吸收,也无可辨认的牙根长度变化;300g组可见明显的牙根尖周吸收,牙根变短。【结论】本研究小型猪动物模型牙根吸收程度随加载力值的增大而加重。     

种植体支抗在口腔正畸临床中的不良反应

目的了解正畸治疗患者应用种植支抗作为强支抗的不良反应（切牙牙根的吸收）。方法收集2008年7月～2009年8月在本医院口腔正畸科就诊的成人双颌前突患者26例病例资料。其中种植支抗组13例采用西安中邦钛生物制品有限公司生产的微螺钉种植体辅助正畸治疗,非种植支抗组13例采用常规方法进行矫治。两组设计均为拔除4颗第一前磨牙,每侧以相同的力值滑动关闭间隙,内收上下前牙。根据正畸治疗前后全口曲面断层片和记存模型,测量计算出治疗前后切牙的全长。结果两组患者正畸治疗后均有牙根吸收（P〈0.05）。种植支抗组的根吸收明显大于非种植支抗组的根吸收（P〈0.01）。测量结果还显示上颌中切牙及下颌中切牙的根吸收更为明显,根吸收量均大于侧切牙。结论双颌前突拔牙病例,应用种植支抗矫治后,切牙牙根吸收明显。     

拔除第二前磨牙与非拔牙正畸矫治后牙根吸收的研究

目的探讨正畸治疗中拔除第二前磨牙矫治与非拔牙矫治对牙根吸收(RR)的影响。方法在12～14岁年龄段中,选择50例正畸患者的596颗牙齿为研究样本,将研究对象分为拔牙组与非拔牙组,每个研究对象治疗前、后拍摄曲面断层X线片,并进行分析。结果拔牙组相对于非拔牙组,上、下颌中切牙,侧切牙,第一磨牙及下颌第一前磨牙有较多的牙根吸收(P<0.05),而上、下颌尖牙的牙根吸收差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论拔除第二前磨牙矫治能导致矫治牙一定程度的牙根吸收,但不会影响牙齿正常的功能和稳定。     

正畸诱导的炎性牙根吸收动物模型的改良

目的:探讨建立重力诱导的牙根吸收大鼠模型的有效方法以利于研究正畸治疗过程中牙根吸收的机制。方法:8周龄雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为传统方法组和改良组,每组16只。传统方法组(不片切下颌切牙)和改良组(片切下颌切牙)均以上颌两颗切牙作为支抗牙,采用100 g力近中移动上颌右侧第一磨牙。观察加力装置的脱落情况。并且在加力后第7天,将带磨牙的上颌骨采用EDTA脱钙,进行组织学观察。结果:加力第7天,传统方法组加力装置全部脱落,上颌右侧第一磨牙远腭根表面光滑,未见明显牙根吸收凹坑;而改良组未出现加力装置脱落的现象,上颌右侧第一磨牙远腭根表面可见明显的牙根吸收凹坑,牙周膜内可见多核破骨细胞。结论:通过片切下颌切牙以及施加持续重力能成功建立正畸诱导的炎性牙根吸收的大鼠模型。     

福建人下颌切牙的形态学研究

目的 分析下颌切牙牙冠、牙根及根管形态特点,为临床诊疗提供依据.方法 拍摄离体下切牙近远中向X线片,测量髓角及釉牙骨质界处唇侧牙体组织厚度;记录根面凹陷情况,测量根长及距根尖处牙根近远中向厚度;将样本制成透明标本,在体视显微镜下观察下切牙根管系统情况.结果 (1)下颌中切牙和侧切牙髓角处唇侧牙体厚度为(1.84±0.23)和(1.93±0.23)mm,釉牙骨质界处厚度为(1.97±0.20)和(2.07 0.23)mm;(2)下颌中切牙和侧切牙根面凹陷的发生率为40.35%和76.79%,距根尖4 mm处牙根近远中向中1/3平均厚度为2.29,2.28 mm,下颌中切牙与侧切牙距根尖3～6 mm处牙根厚度的差别无统计学意义;(3)根管类型中,下颌中切牙和侧切牙双根管发生率为9.6%和19.2%,侧副根管的发生率分别为29.8%和38.5%.结论 由于下颌切牙唇侧牙体组织较薄,牙体预备时注意牙体的预备量;根管治疗时应注意根管类型,避免遗漏并防止侧穿;下颌切牙牙根的近远中径较小,所选根管桩直径不宜过粗.     

程序性低温冷冻对自体移植牙牙周愈合的影响

探讨通过程序性降温法低温冷冻处理移植供牙牙体,行自体异位移植术后评价牙周组织的生长、愈合情况。方法 选取1年龄比格犬1只,体重9kg,拔除左侧下颌第三侧切牙置于10%二甲亚砜保存液-80℃冻存2周,程序性复苏解冻后移植于右下颌同名牙位作为冷冻牙,左侧下颌第二侧切牙即刻移植于右下颌同名牙位作为对照牙,喂养3月,比较两牙的临床表现、X射线检查、micro CT及组织学染色评估牙周愈合情况。结果 术后1月冷冻移植牙和即刻移植牙牙龈缘轻微红肿、BOP（探诊出血）+,松Ⅰ°,X 射线片示冷冻牙根尖周低密度透射影像,无牙根内外吸收影像。术后3月两牙牙龈红肿,BOP+、松ⅠⅡ°,探及轻度牙周袋,X射线片示两牙牙根表面出现不同程度凹陷性吸收,冷冻牙近中根尖处牙骨质可见明显吸收,无牙根内吸收影像。Micro CT影像显示即刻移植牙术后3月牙根表面略微粗糙,局部有微小浅表性吸收,根尖区无透射影;冷冻移植牙术后3月出现较大范围吸收,波及牙本质,并伴有根尖部牙槽骨吸收。组织学HE染色切片示冷冻牙牙根表面吸收,牙颈部结合上皮再附着松弛,而对照牙牙根吸收较轻,结合上皮再附着更致密。结论 选用合适冷冻保护剂和冷冻方法的情况下冷冻移植牙牙周预后是可以预期的,但是仍然需要进行更多的研究以预防牙根吸收。     

不同正畸力值对长期饮用碳酸饮料大鼠正畸牙移动牙根吸收影响

目的:研究不同的正畸力值对长期饮用碳酸饮料大鼠牙根吸收的影响.方法 :选择1月龄雌性SD大鼠20只,每只每天喂养可乐50 mL,3个月后将20只大鼠按施加力值分为4组,分别为0 g(A组)、30 g(B组)、50 g(C组)和80 g(D组),加正畸装置于上颌第一磨牙.并于喂可乐0 d、3个月、加力21 d 3个时间点测大鼠骨密度(BMD),术后21 d处死取大鼠上颌第一磨牙及附近牙槽骨组织块,进行锥形束CT检测和HE染色观察牙根吸收情况,组织切片计算牙根吸收指数,TRAP染色观察破骨细胞数量.结果 :随着喂养可乐时间增加,各组BMD随之降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但同一时间点各组BMD差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);锥形束结果显示牙根吸收指数和破骨细胞计数均为D组>C组>B组(P<0.05~P<0.01),B组与A组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).B组正畸牙移动过程中骨改建较C、D组活跃.结论 :在30 g的力值作用下对长期饮用碳酸饮料大鼠正畸牙移动牙根吸收的影响最小,而随着力值的增加大鼠牙根吸收程度也随之加重.     

262例儿童错畸形的临床分析与处理

【目的】探讨引起儿童错(牙合)畸形的临床因素及处理方法。【方法】搜集本科近几年因错(牙合)畸形就诊的262例儿童患者进行分析,262例患者中,男性180例,占68.7％,女性82例,占31.3％;年龄最小8岁,最大16岁,对其中伴有多生牙的36例进行治疗和随访,随访时间1-3年。【结果】262例患者中上中切牙间及舌腭侧多生牙者为162例,其次100例为下颌乳切牙及乳尖牙滞留。随访36例中,30例(牙合)关系基本正常,占83.3％,3例牙间隙增宽,约0.1mm左右,占8.3％,2例下前牙牙列不齐,占5.6％,另有一例上中切牙侧位外翻,占2.8％。【结论】儿童错(牙合)畸形就诊多因为多生牙和乳牙滞留,其中多生牙位于上中切牙间及舌腭侧者居多,男性多于女性,在及时治疗后出现错(牙合)畸形的机率降低。     

成年人正畸治疗中上前牙牙根吸收的CBCT研究

目的:本研究使用三维影像CBCT进行评价旨在提高正畸治疗中牙根吸收的精确性。方法:选取进行正畸拔牙治疗的患者10例,并在治疗前和治疗12个月分别拍摄CBCT,测量治疗前后上颌6个牙齿的长度(双侧中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙),计算得出牙根吸收的数值。结果:所有测量牙齿治疗前后牙根长度比较均有统计学意义(P0.05)。牙吸收量最大为上颌侧切,左右侧分别为:1.13 mm和1.14 mm;其次为上颌双侧中切牙,左右侧分别为:0.97 mm和0.96 mm;上颌双侧尖牙吸收最少,左右侧分别为0.87 mm和0.95 mm。结论:(1)结果显示正畸拔牙矫正患者治疗中有一个明显的牙根吸收。(2)本研究证实使用CBCT评价牙根吸收是一个有效而且精确的方法。     

安氏Ⅲ类患者正畸矫治前后前牙区牙槽突宽度的研究

目的:对比安氏Ⅲ类患者正畸治疗前后上下颌前部牙槽突宽度。方法:选取骨性安氏Ⅲ类患者30名,均上颌拔除第二前磨牙,下颌拔除第一前磨牙,对其正畸矫治前后头颅侧位片上的上下颌前部牙槽突宽度的结果进行比较分析。结果:安氏Ⅲ类错牙合患者正畸治疗后,上切牙根尖部腭侧及唇侧,牙槽骨宽度变化无显著性差异;下颌切牙根尖部唇侧的牙槽骨宽度较薄,而舌侧相对应处的牙槽骨变化无显著性差异。结论:安氏Ⅲ类患者上颌前部牙槽突吸收与增生基本平衡;而下颌唇侧的增生相对滞后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.