经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿动脉导管未闭结扎术后残余分流

目的　评价经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿动脉导管未闭 (PDA)结扎术后残余分流的应用价值。方法　 10例小儿PDA结扎术后残余分流的病人 ,男 3例 ,女 7例 ,平均年龄6 6± 2 9岁 (2～ 11岁 ) ,平均体重 18 6± 5 9公斤 (10～ 30公斤 ) ,均应用Cook可控弹簧圈经动脉途径进行堵闭。结果　残余分流PDA最小直径平均为 1 75± 0 6 2mm (0 8～ 3 0mm) ,漏斗形 8例 ,管形 2例 ;10例均用单个Cook可控弹簧圈一次堵闭成功 ,术后即刻造影仅 1例极少量残余分流 ;平均手术时间为 47 0± 3 5分钟 (40～ 5 0分钟 ) ,平均X线透视时间为 6 1± 1 8分钟 (4～ 10分钟 ) ;平均 32 2月随访残余分流均完全堵闭 ,无并发症出现。结论　经导管弹簧圈法是关闭小儿PDA结扎术后残余分流适宜 ,有效的方法。     

单静脉入路国产封堵器治疗儿童动脉导管未闭12例

目的探讨单静脉入路国产封堵器(Amplatzer法)治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的有效性和安全性。方法12例动脉导管未闭,病变最窄处直径为3～12(5.35±3.26)mm,经股静脉建立右房→右室→肺动脉→动脉导管→主动脉轨道,主动脉弓降部侧位造影观察PDA的位置、形态、大小,经股静脉建立的轨道进行封堵。术后即刻经胸超声及心脏听诊判断有无分流。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定,术后24h、1个月、3个月、6个月复查超声心动图,观察大动脉水平有无分流及有无PDA再通。结果12例患者全部一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。心导管检查测肺动脉收缩压由术前轻度增高[(34.10±2.67)mmHg]降为正常[(20.30±3.10)mmHg]。所有患者术后即刻心前区双期连续性杂音消失,术后即刻彩超检查无分流,操作透视时间7.50～12.30(8.96±2.30)min。无任何并发症发生,随访1个月、3个月、6个月未发生动脉水平分流及动脉导管再通。结论单静脉入路国产封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭简化了手术程序,减少了血管并发症,缩短了操作透视时间,手术成功率高,疗效可靠,价格低廉,值得临床借鉴。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的:探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效。方法:5例FPA患者,男2例,女3例,年龄6～27(平均18.40±7.23)岁;经临床、X线、超声心动图及造影证实为PDA。测量PDA最窄处内径,选择合适的输送鞘及封堵器,封堵缺损处。术后即刻听诊杂音及24小时后作超声心动图复查以评价疗效。结果:造影测量PDA最窄直径为4～7(5.20±1.16)mm,选择封堵器直径为8～18(12.80±3.25)mm.手术全部获得成功。4例杂音完全消失,复查超声心动图亦未见分流:1例存留不足2-级的收缩期杂音,术后超声心动图见微量残存分流,1月后复查残存分流消失。结论:Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭安全、有效,创伤小,可避免开胸治疗。     

经导管介入性治疗动脉导管未闭68例临床疗效分析

目的 :应用Amplatzer堵闭器经导管介入性治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :于主动脉弓降部造影 ,测量PDA大小 ,在透视下经传送装置将Amplatzer堵闭器置入PDA内 ,使之在PDA最窄处固定 ,即刻或 10min后再次造影。术后 2 4h行超声心动图 (UCG)检查。结果 :全组技术成功率 10 0 %。术后 6 1例 (89 7% )即刻无分流 ;7例 (10 3% )即刻有少量残余分流 ,其中 4例术后2 4hUCG示分流消失 ;肺动脉高压者术后均有所下降。结论 :应用Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭操作方法简便、治疗范围广、成功率高 ,不失为很有前途的代替开胸手术的介入性治疗方法     

可控弹簧圈逆行经导管封堵未闭动脉导管的安全性和疗效观察

目的 :为了确定可控弹簧圈经皮导管封堵小儿未闭动脉导管的安全性和治疗成功率。方法 :70例小儿中、小型动脉导管未闭 (PDA) (最窄内径≤ 4mm)实施逆行经皮导管可控弹簧圈封堵术。男 2 5例 ,女 45例 ,年龄 0 .5～ 11(3.35± 3.0 )岁 ,体重 6 .0～ 2 9(13.4± 6 .8)kg ,心血管造影测定的最小动脉导管内径1.5～ 4.0 (2 .7±0 .9)mm ,1例并发室间隔缺损 ,2例并发主动脉缩窄 ,3例并发肺动脉瓣狭窄 ,外科结扎术后残余分流 3例。结果 :术后即刻采用心脏听诊 ,重复心血管造影 ,术后 10min重复造影 5 2例 ,12例有残余分流 ,再行置入 1～ 2个可控弹簧圈 ,直至残瘘消失 ;未重复造影 18例 ,4例发生机械性溶血 ,第 2天再行可控弹簧圈置入 ,溶血和残瘘终止。术后多普勒超声随访仅 1例至今尚有少数收缩期湍流频谱 ,正侧位胸部摄片可控弹簧圈位置无移动 ,平均可控弹簧圈 /PDA内径比值为 2 .6± 0 .4,平均术后 3d出院。结论 :逆行经导管应用可控弹簧圈封堵小儿中、小型PDA ,手术操作简便 ,安全易行 ,疗效满意 ,完全可以替代外科手术结扎 ,避免了外科创伤 ,并可缩短住院日和降低费用     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

小儿动脉导管堵闭术后九例溶血的诊治体会

溶血为动脉导管未闭 (ＰＤＡ)堵闭术后罕见、严重的并发症。我院 1994年 9月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月使用不同类型堵闭器堵闭ＰＤＡ 4 12例 ,发生溶血 9例 ,现报告如下。1 资料与方法 :男 2例 ,女 7例。年龄 1 1～ 8 5 (4 7±2 3)岁 ,体重 7～ 2 5 (13 9± 5 6 )ｋｇ。 8例为单纯性ＰＤＡ ,1例为纠正型大血管转位合并ＰＤＡ。ＰＤＡ均为漏斗型 ,最窄处为 2 1～ 6 6 (4 3± 1 7)ｍｍ。使用Ｒａｓｈｋｉｎｄ双面伞、ＣＯＯＫ弹簧圈、Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ蘑菇伞堵闭器各 3例。堵闭后 15ｍｉｎ主动脉造影 9例均显示有少量残余分流 ,Ｂ超显示残余分流…     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

动脉导管未闭封堵术15例

我院自 1999～ 2 0 0 1年共施行动脉导管未闭封堵术 15例 ,手术成功率 10 0 %,现报告如下。1　对象与方法本组动脉导管未闭患者 15例 ,男 6例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 1.5～ 4 7(平均 5 .2 )岁 ,体重 9～ 5 5 (平均18.4 )ｋｇ。 90 %的患者有反复呼吸道感染史。96 %患者有胸骨左缘第Ⅱ肋间连续性杂音 ,4 %为收缩期杂音。动脉导管形态 :管型 8例 ,漏斗型 7例。1.2　方法本组均于局麻下穿刺右侧股动脉、股静脉 ,从股动脉鞘送入Ｆ6～Ｆ7猪尾导管 ,经腹主动脉至胸段降主动脉内 ,快速注入优雅显 2ｍｌ/ｋｇ ,速度 14ｍｌ/ｓ ,以显示胸段降主动脉及动脉导管…     

三种介入方法治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :评价 Porstmann法、弹簧栓子法和 Amplatzer封堵器对动脉导管培养闭的治疗效果。方法 :3种方法共治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA） 5 0例 ,其中 Porstm ann法 6例 ,弹簧栓子法 10例 ,Amplatzer封堵器 34例。所有患者在 PDA封堵后 10 m in重复主动脉造影观察有无残余分流 ;术后 2 4h、1月、6月和 12月行超声心电图检查 ,观察 PDA有无再通及残余分流。结果 :全组 5 0例 ,成功 49例。Porstm ann法有 1例由于鞘管不通过股动脉而失败。术后 10 min主动脉造影术 ,Amplatzer封堵器 4例有微 -少量残余分流。术术 2 4h超声心电图均无残余分流。随访 1～ 12个月 ,均未发现有残余分流和 PDA再通。结论 :经导管治疗 PDA是有效的非手术方法。Porstmann法已较少采用 ;直径 <3 m m的PDA首选弹簧栓子法 ;3～ 10 m m的 PDA采用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 ;直径 >10 m m者则应考虑手术治疗。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.