经导管封堵动脉导管未闭介入治疗后残余分流

目的探讨经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗后残余分流的可行性和临床疗效。方法自1997年3月至2001年8月16例PDA介入治疗后残余分流的患者,其中男4例,女12例,平均年龄5.9±2.4岁(2～9岁),平均体重17.7±5.4kg(9～28kg),应用不同介入方法经动脉或静脉途径封堵残余分流,首次介入治疗与再次介入治疗的时间间隔平均为1.5±1.1年(1天～3.5年)。结果残余分流直径平均为2.7±0.9mm(1.2～5.0mm)。15例成功完成残余分流封堵术,1例失败,技术成功率为94%(15/16)。单纯应用Cook可控弹簧圈9例(其中双弹簧圈2例),Rashkind双面伞2例,Sidris纽扣式补片1例,Amplatzer蘑菇伞2例,同时应用Cook可控弹簧圈和Sidris纽扣式补片1例。封堵术后即刻造影,3例仍有少量残余分流,完全闭合率为80%(12/15)。平均手术时间为75.0±22.8min(45～120min),平均X线透视时间为10.4±3.9min(5～20min)。股动脉并发症1例,其余无并发症出现。封堵术后24h复查超声心动图,所有残余分流均完全闭合(100%),在平均2年随访中未出现残余分流再通、封堵器移位和左右肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管封堵PDA介入治疗后残余分流安全、疗效确切、创伤小,可作为外科手术治疗PDA介入治疗后残余分流的一种替代方法。     

经导管介入性治疗动脉导管未闭68例临床疗效分析

目的 :应用Amplatzer堵闭器经导管介入性治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :于主动脉弓降部造影 ,测量PDA大小 ,在透视下经传送装置将Amplatzer堵闭器置入PDA内 ,使之在PDA最窄处固定 ,即刻或 10min后再次造影。术后 2 4h行超声心动图 (UCG)检查。结果 :全组技术成功率 10 0 %。术后 6 1例 (89 7% )即刻无分流 ;7例 (10 3% )即刻有少量残余分流 ,其中 4例术后2 4hUCG示分流消失 ;肺动脉高压者术后均有所下降。结论 :应用Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭操作方法简便、治疗范围广、成功率高 ,不失为很有前途的代替开胸手术的介入性治疗方法     

采用pfm弹簧圈封堵动脉导管未闭的临床应用

目的 :评价使用 pfm弹簧圈封堵未闭动脉导管的临床应用。方法 :从 1998- 0 3～ 2 0 0 1- 0 2 ,2 3例患者进行了PDA封堵术 ,年龄 8个月～ 32岁 （平均 10 .7岁 ） ,体重 9.5～ 5 5 （2 9.0± 16.6） kg,肺动脉平均压 2 0 .6 （10～ 38） mmHg,PDA最窄内径 1.6～ 4.1（2 .7± 0 .8） mm,3例为开胸结扎术后再通。结果 :全部患者均获成功 ,封堵术后主动脉造影显示 19例完全封堵 ,4例有残余分流 ,术后 2 4h彩色多普勒显示 2 2例无血流通过 ,平均 X光暴露时间是15 .5 min（7～ 34 min） ,无任何并发症出现。结论 :采用 Duct- Occlud（pfm）弹簧圈封堵 PDA是安全有效的 ,PDA最窄内径应在 3mm以内 ,输送系统较细可用于婴幼儿 ,封堵术后效果满意。     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科及介入治疗术后残余分流

目的 评价经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)外科结扎及介入治疗术后残余分流的效果.方法 1995年6月至2008年9月,42例外科结扎、1例外科结扎术后又行弹簧栓子法、3例Rashkind法及1例Sidires法介入治疗术后残余分流的PDA患者施行了经导管封堵术,其中男9例,女38例,年龄2～53岁,平均25.0±15.5岁.外科手术至介入治疗的时间为1个月～30年,其中1例曾行两次外科结扎术.第一次介入治疗至本次封堵术的时间为4年～14年.43例经股静脉途径植入封堵器,其中2例采用动静脉轨道法;2例经股动脉途径植入可控弹簧栓子.介入术后24 h～7.8年行X线胸片、心电图及超声心动图随访.结果 残余分流的PDA最窄处直径为1～10 mm,平均4.1±2.0 mm.技术成功率为95.7%(45/47).45例封堵术后10 min.主动脉弓降部造影示无残余分流40例(88.9%),微量残余分流4例(8.9%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%).术后24 h经胸超声心动图示无残余分流44例(97.8%),少量残余分流1例(2.2%),该例术后9 h发生溶血,经保守治疗1周后消失.失败2例,植入封堵器后仍有明显残余分流,收回封堵器,终止介入治疗.本组45例随访1个月～7.8年,除1例于术后4个月发生心房颤动外,余未发现封堵器移位、残余分流及细菌性心内膜炎.结论 经导管封堵动脉导管未闭外科结扎及介入治疗术后的残余分流是一种创伤小、成功率高、并发症少、住院时间短、安全有效的方法,基本可以替代外科手术.     

国产蘑菇伞型封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭的可行性研究

目的探讨采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的可行性。方法全组15例,其中男3例,女12例,年龄21±8(16～46)岁。PDA最窄处直径为16±3mm(13～22mm),均采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经股静脉途径对PDA进行封堵。封堵前后行主动脉弓降部造影并测定肺动脉压力。封堵成功者分别于术后1周、1个月和6个月复查超声心动图。结果15例巨大PDA选用的封堵器直径为23±4mm(18～32mm),封堵后30min主动脉弓降部造影均显示主-肺动脉水平仅有经封堵器孔眼的微量到少量残余分流。封堵后13例患者肺动脉收缩压峰值较封堵前有不同程度下降(70±29mmHgvs113±21mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133kPa),2例因试封堵后肺动脉压力升高而放弃封堵。无一例发生严重并发症。封堵成功者术后复查超声心动图,其中11例于术后1周、1例于术后1个月残余分流消失,另1例于术后6个月时残存少量分流。结论采用国产蘑菇伞型封堵器经导管封堵巨大PDA是一种安全有效的介入治疗方法。     

动脉导管未闭导管封堵与外科缝扎术对心率血压的影响

目的：观察动脉导管未闭（PDA）导管封堵与外科缝扎术对心率、血压的影响。方法：119例PDA患者中62例做外科缝扎手术，57例做Amplatzer封堵器封堵。观察术前、术后其心率、血压的变化情况。结果：（1）对心率的影响：手术组：术前、后有明显差异（P〈0．05）；介入组：术前、后没有明显差异（P〉0．05）。两组术前没有明显差异（P〉0．05），术后介入组心率明显低于手术组（P〈0．05）；（2）对血压影响：两组术前、后收缩压与舒张压均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。两组间术前收缩压及舒张压无显著性差异（P〉0．05），但术后均出现显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：手术组术后心率增快比介入组明显。介入组术后收缩压和舒张压明显比手术组高。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的　采用Amplatzer封堵器经皮穿刺静脉治疗动脉导管未闭 ,并对其疗效、安全性及并发症进行评价。方法　 31例患者 ,年龄 0 8～ 38 0 (8 1± 6 0 )岁 ,体重 7 0～ 6 9 5 (2 7 7± 2 0 2 )kg。经静脉使用 6F传送器置入Amplatzer堵闭器 ,听诊无杂音后 10min行胸主动脉造影。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定 ,术后 2 4h、3个月、6个月行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果　全组技术成功率10 0 %。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失 ,10min后胸主动脉造影示 2 9例完全堵闭(93 5 % ) ,仅 2例存在极少量残余分流 ,且 48h后超声心动图示该分流消失。动脉导管最窄径 1 5～8 2 (4 4± 1 7)mm ,透视时间 3 0～ 14 5 (6 7± 2 3)min。除 1例患者术后短暂胸部不适外均无任何并发症。随访 3～ 17(9 3± 3 7)个月未发生装置移位、再通或肺动脉狭窄。结论　应用Amplatzer方法经导管治疗动脉导管未闭安全简便 ,创伤小 ,适应证广 ,成功率高 ,疗效可靠 ,可用于新生儿 ,是目前治疗动脉导管未闭最理想的方法。     

0.052吋Gianturco coil弹簧栓子经导管封堵动脉导管未闭

目的 :评价 0 0 5 2Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子经导管封堵动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效及安全性。方法 :10例PDA患者在基础和骶管麻醉下 ,用心内膜心肌活检钳控制和传递 0 0 5 2Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子 ,顺行经导管封堵PDA。结果 :8例 1枚Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子、1例 3枚Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子完全封堵成功 ,1例因Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子未能回收至传递鞘内改行手术结扎。结论 :用 0 0 5 2Gianturcocoil弹簧栓子经导管封堵 3 0～ 4 0mm直径的PDA ,是安全、可靠的非手术方法     

经导管法治疗动脉导管未闭941例临床分析

目的探讨介入治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床应用体会。方法1998年3月至2007年8月在我科介入治疗PDA 941例,其中男259例,女682例;年龄3个月~74岁(平均13.7岁);体重3.5~101 kg(平均31.2 kg)。结果主动脉造影按Krichenko分类,A型641例(68.1%),B型11例(1.1%),C型202例(21.5%),D型8例(0.9%),E型79例(8.4%)。PDA最窄内径1.2~15(4.6±2.9)mm,主动脉端内径2.0~32.7(11.1±5.7)mm,长度2~42.6(6.7±3.3)mm;平均肺动脉压9.7~106(34.7±19.4)mm Hg。采用进口AGA蘑菇伞146例,AGA房间隔缺损封堵伞2例,国产PDA蘑菇伞720例,国产膜部室间隔缺损封堵伞18例,国产肌部室间隔封堵伞6例,国产偏心PDA封堵伞18例和德国pfm弹簧圈31例。7例未能完全封堵,治愈率达99.3%。结论绝大多数患者可用介入方法达到治愈,正确掌握PDA介入治疗的适应证范围,准确娴熟的操作技术能减少并发症的发生,慎重处理婴幼儿合并重度肺动脉高压的PDA患者,正确评价肺动脉高压的性质是介入治疗指征的关键。伴有重度肺动脉高压的PDA患者远期疗效尚需积累经验。     

动脉导管未闭封堵术后血小板减少10例临床分析

目的 总结分析PDA介入封堵术后血小板减少的规律及可能的发生原因,为临床PDA的治疗提供指导.方法 选取延安医院2007年1月至2012年4月PDA封堵术后发生血小板减少的10例病例,分析血小板减少发生时间、下降规律、残余分流及相应的治疗措施等.结果 血小板减少发生率约为1.55％ (10/647),10例均为巨大PDA患者,10例病例术后均有不同程度残余分流,血小板减少发生于封堵术后3d内,血小板最低发生于术后4～6d,有6例输注血小板,所有病例无严重内脏出血发生.结论 PDA封堵术后血小板减少属于少见并发症,其发生原因可能与残余分流所致机械性破坏有关.     

经导管堵塞婴幼儿动脉导管未闭89例体会

目的探讨经导管堵塞婴儿动脉导管未闭的疗效。方法对８９例动脉导管未闭患儿采用了４种不同堵塞装置治疗。结果总成功率９８．８８％（８８／８９）,失败１例,严重并发症２例,术后２４小时内残余分流１９例（２１．３％）,经１个月～３．５年随访,微量残余分流７流（７．０８％）。结论经心导管堵婴幼儿动脉导未闭安全、有效、操作简单、适应证广,可作为治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的首选方法。     

经导管动脉导管未闭封堵术前后左心室形态及功能的对比研究

为评价经导管动脉导管未闭（PDA）封堵术前后左心室形态及功能的变化，对52例PDA患者封堵术前及术后24小时，1个月，3个月进行超声心动图（UCG）随诊，测量左室舒张末内径（LVDd，左室收缩末内径（LVDs，左房内径（LA），主肺动脉直径（MPA），计算左室短轴缩短率(LVFS),差室射血分数（LVEF）；测定二尖瓣血流E峰值（VE），E峰减速时间（Tdec),A峰值（VA），计算VE与VA比值（E／A）。结果显示，经导管PDA封堵术后LVDd，LVDs,LA,MPA明显减小，LVFS，LVEF无明显变化，Tdec增加。表明经导管PDA封堵术后左室明显减小，左室舒张功能改善，UCG是术后左室形态及功能随诊的可靠手段。     

应用国产封堵器介入治疗小儿动脉导管未闭的远期疗效

目的分析经导管国产封堵器治疗小儿动脉导管未闭（patent duetus arteriosus，PDA）远期随访资料，评价其远期疗效、安全性及影响疗效的因素。方法PDA患儿接受国产封堵器治疗302例，病例均随访至2006年12月，进行回顾性队列研究。结果PDA最窄处直径在2．0～16（4．1±1．3）mm，其中直径超过12mm10例（3．3％）。成功植入4／6～22／24mm大小的封堵器298例（98．6％）。完成了随访244例，随访率为81％，随访时间24～82个月。需要再次接受治疗4例（1．3％），其中接受介入治疗3例（0．9％），包括因残余分流而溶血2例；因封堵器移位接受外科治疗1例（0．3％）。1年和5年无事件发生率为98．0％。残余分流率在1d，1个月，6个月，12个月，24个月和36个月分别为10．4％，3．7％，2．1％，0．8％，0．5％和0。10例巨大PDA应用大型封堵器封堵成功。结论应用国产封堵器治疗小儿PDA远期疗效确切．安全性好。     

Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭疗效分析

目的 评价Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的临床疗效。方法 对10例管型PDA患儿用Amplatzer PDA封堵器进行堵闭，2例窗型PDA用Amplatzer房间隔双伞封堵器堵闭。在透视下经6F输送器置入封堵器，术后10分钟，行右心导管检查及主动脉弓降部造影，术后24小时、1、3个月分别行彩色多普勒超声心动图、血常规及肝肾功能检查，评价治疗效果。结果 本组技术成功率为100％，患儿心脏双期连续性杂音均消失，术后10分钟主动脉弓降部造影显示少量残余分流2例，均为窗型PDA。术后24小时超声心动图示上述2例仍有微量分流。术后24小时、1、3个月行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查，均未发现残余分流、PDA再通及封堵器移位，血常规及肝肾功能检查均正常。2例有分流的患儿术后均出现急性溶血，经积极内科治疗后好转。其余10例无并发症发生。结论 应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗PDA安全有效，近中期疗效满意，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。对窗型PDA可试用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器堵闭。对术后发生急性溶血者可采用内科治疗。     

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus using special screwing detachable coils

Jackson screwing detachable coils, developed for arterial and venous embolization, have been successfully employed recently for the percutaneous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Special screwing detachable coils were designed for closure of the PDA, and the experience gained by their use is described in this report. Occlusion was attempted in 29 patients with a minimal ductal diameter of 0.9–4.2 mm. Coils were successfully placed in all 29 patients. One coil, which embolized 10 min after detachment, was retrieved. In 26 patients (89%), complete closure was achieved. Only 35 coils were placed in 29 patients. Residual shunts in three patients are minimal, detectable only on color-flow mapping. Screwing detachable coils for closure of PDA are safe and effective for occlusion of PDA with a minimal diameter <4.2 mm. Embolization of the coil is very rare. A high closure rate is achieved with a low number of placed coils. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:386–391, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Different transcatheter strategies for aortic coarctation associated with patent ductus arteriosus

BackgroundOlder patients with combination of aortic coarctation and large patent ductus arteriosus can be managed with transcatheter interventions. The strategies depend on anatomy of coarctation and size of ductus arteriosus.MethodsWe present three different patients with this combination. The anatomic factors like isthmic hypoplasia, dilatation of post coarctation descending aorta and size of ductus arteriosus were noted.ResultsPatients with isthmic hypoplasia needed stent angioplasty of the coarctation. If there is no dilatation of post coarctation aorta, a single covered stent excluded the ductus arteriosus and relieved the coarctation gradients. Dilated post coarctation aorta precluded a covered stent and warranted closure of duct with occluder device and stent angioplasty of coarctation. When there is a good sized aortic isthmus in a discrete membranous coarctation, device closure of the duct and balloon aortoplasty was successful.ConclusionsIn coarctation with patent ductus arteriosus associated with good sized aortic isthmus, closure of duct with duct occluder device and balloon aortoplasty would correct the lesions. If there is isthmic hypoplasia, device closure of the duct and stenting of the coarctation is needed. Covered stent is a reasonable alternative only in presence of non dilated descending aorta.     

Hemolysis following coil embolization of a patent ductus arteriosus

We describe the development of hemolysis from moderate residual shunting across a patent ductus arteriosus following coil embolization. The fall in hemoglobin levels from 11.6 to 6.0 gm/dl necessitated a second coil procedure which resulted in complete closure of the residual shunting and resolution of hemolysis. Therefore, appearance of anemia following coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus should be monitored closely; however, repeat coil embolization with elimination of residual shunt will lead to prompt recovery of normal hemoglobin levels. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Combined use of detachable coil against persistent mechanical hemolysis after transcatheter occlusion using Rashkind umbrella device in adult patient with patent ductus arteriosus

Summary Mechanical hemolysis after transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus using the Rashkind umbrella device has been postulated as a rare, but serious complication, even necessitating surgical repair. A rare, case of an adult patient with massive hemolytic anemia, successfully controlled by the combined use of several detachable coil devices is reported. The use of coil devices might be considered as a therapeutic option in such cases.     

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula using Guglielmi detachable coil

Background Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly. Transcatheter CAF closure has been introduced using various materials, but only few data are available on the Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC). The advantage of using GDC for transcatheter CAF closure is more controllable, therefore much safer when compared to other coils. This report is about our experience in transcatheter closure of CAF using fibered GDC in our hospital. Methods & Results From 2002 to 2007, there were 10 patients with CAFs (age range: 28 to 56 year-old, 7 males) who underwent transcatheter CAF closure. There were a total of 19 CAFs which originated from right coronary (n = 5), left circumflex (n = 3), left anterior descending artery (n = 10) and left main trunk (n = 1). Median number of coil deployment for each fistula was 3 (range: 1 to 6). The pulmonary artery was the most common site of the distal communication of CAFs (n = 14), followed by right atrium (n = 3), left atrium (n = 1) and left ventricle (n = 1). Immediate coronary angiography after GDC deployment revealed no residual shunt in 12 (63.2%) CAFs, significant reduction of the flow in 5 (26.3%), while 2 (10.5%) could not be closed due to small size. Nine (90%) patients underwent a repeated angiography within 3 to 8 months. Among 12 CAFs that were occluded immediately post-deployment, there were 2 CAFs with insignificant residual flow. Among 6 CAFs with significantly decreased flow immediately post-deployment, 2 were occluded totally in the follow-up angiography. In total, 12 (70.5%) CAFs were occluded completely and 5 (29.5%) CAFs still had insignificant residual flow, which did not need any additional coil deployment. During a mean follow up of 4.3 ± 0.7 year, all patients remained symptom and complication free. Conclusions The fibered GDC is a safe and effective method for percutaneous closure of the CAFs.