共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 390 毫秒
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2008年脂肪性肝病研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着乙型肝炎疫苗的广泛接种和传染病防治法的有效实施,近十年来全球病毒性肝炎新发病例持续减少,我国HBsAg阳性率较前亦显著降低. 相似文献
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目的分析2012年甘肃省崇信县传染病的发病现状,了解崇信县传染病发病、流行情况及变化特点,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采取描述性流行病学方法,对2012年疾病监测信息报告管理系统提供的崇信县传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2012年甘肃省崇信县无甲类传染病报告,共报告乙类、丙类传染病14种398例,年发病率398.46/10万,死亡1例(肺结核),年死亡率1.01/10万,年病死率0.25%;全县6个乡(镇)均有发病,职业分布从高到低依次为:农民、学生、散居儿童,男女性别比1∶1.43,疾病种类以呼吸道传染病和肠道传染病为主。结论甘肃省崇信县传染病以呼吸道传染病和肠道传染病为主,发病病种主要是流行性腮腺炎、肺结核、其他感染性腹泻病、细菌性痢疾;发病人群主要是农民、散居儿童和学生,今后重点要加强对呼吸道和肠道传染病的防控工作。 相似文献
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传染病医院消化内镜操作对象与综合性医院不同,对专业人员的培训有着自身的特点。我们根据在传染病医院进行消化内镜检查和治疗患者的特点,并从传染病防治的角度制定了一套符合传染病医院要求的消化内镜从业人员的培训方法和制度。 相似文献
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应重视和加强对新发传染病的预防与控制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
新发传染病或新传染病(Emerging infectiousDiseases)是指近30年来由新发现的新种或新型病原微生物引起的传染病。新发传染病的种类之多,让世人瞩目。20世纪70年代以来,新发现的传染病至今已达40余种之多。除少数年份外,几乎每年都有一种及一种以上 相似文献
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调节性T细胞是T淋巴细胞中一群具有主动免疫抑制作用的特殊亚群,可抑制免疫效应过度活化、维持机体免疫稳态.调节性T细胞数量的变化与自身免疫疾病、感染性疾病、肿瘤疾病和移植排斥反应的发生密切相关.本文对近年国内外关于调节性T细胞在病毒性肝炎(乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、戊型肝炎)中作用的相关研究进行综述. 相似文献
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传染病防治事关国家安全、人民健康,虽然我国在传染病防控领域的研究水平不断增强,但传染病防控形势仍然严峻。为全面了解当前我国传染病的防控情况,本文介绍了我国重要传染病的流行现状,系统梳理了我国传染病领域的研究与防治进展,总结我国传染病防控成果。同时分析了我国传染病防控存在的问题,并对未来我国传染病防控提出了建议。 相似文献
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目前新型冠状病毒已经在短时间内蔓延至全国大部分省市且感染人数进行性增多,已正式明确有人传人的传染特点,现已被国家卫生健康委员会纳入到《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施。由于病毒的未知型,传染性强,暂无特效药物及长期的居家隔离等原因导致相当一部分人出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁甚至暴躁的心理状态,这些可以引起反酸、烧心、腹胀甚至恶心、呕吐等消化道症状,并可能加重胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的症状,进一步困扰其日常生活。为有效让GERD患者顺利度过新型冠状病毒流行期,本文做一阐述,供广大临床同道借鉴。 相似文献
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Immunoglobulin therapy has a rich history of use in preventing and treating infectious diseases; however, clinical data on the efficacy of immunoglobulin is lacking for many infectious diseases. Immunoglobulin therapy is routinely used in postexposure prophylaxis for bacterial infections, including tetanus, botulism, and diphtheria, and viral infections, including hepatitis A and B and varicella. Immunoglobulin therapy has also been used in many severe and life-threatening infections where treatments are limited, including toxic shock syndrome, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and cytomegalovirus infection. The authors review the evidence for the use of immunoglobulin therapy in common adult infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) are commonly misused to increase muscle size and strength, as well as improve physical appearance. Many AAS and certain PEDs are administered via injection and therefore pose a risk for transmission of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Further, AAS users may be more likely to take part in high-risk sexual behaviors than non-AAS users. This review explores the prevalence of infectious diseases as well as risky injection practices and sexual behaviors of AAS users in the current literature. A comprehensive MEDLINE search (1984–17 April 2015) for English language reports was performed on AAS users. Ten studies analyzed the prevalence of HIV infection, 6 studies analyzed HBV infection, and 6 studies analyzed HCV infection; 20 studies analyzed injection practices and 7 studies analyzed high-risk sexual behaviors of AAS users. HIV, HBV, HCV, and SSTIs have been associated with AAS users. In particular, HIV infection seems much higher among homosexual male AAS users. AAS users also take part in high-risk injection practices but to a much lower extent than intravenous drug users. AAS users are also more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors than the general population. Clinicians and health-policy leaders may utilize these findings to implement strategies to decrease the spread of infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Mei‐Hwei Chang 《Liver international》2003,23(5):309-314
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the 10 most common malignant tumors worldwide. Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus is closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis. The outcome of current therapies for HCC is not satisfactory. Prevention is the best way to control HCC. Among the various strategies of HCC prevention, immunization against hepatitis B virus infection is the most effective. Universal hepatitis B immunization has proved to be effective in reducing the incidence of HCC to 1/4–1/3 of that in children born before the hepatitis B vaccination era in Taiwan. The problems we face in achieving global control of hepatitis‐related HCC include: (1) no effective vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis C and its related HCC; (2) no immunization program for hepatitis B in areas with inadequate resources; (3) poor compliance to the immunization program as a result of ignorance, anxiety, or poverty; and (4) vaccine failure. Integration of the hepatitis B vaccination program into the expanded program of immunization for all infants throughout the world will be most urgent and important for HCC control. The reduction of the incidence of HCC will be seen in adults 30–40 years of age after the launch of the universal hepatitis B vaccination program. This concept of cancer vaccine can be applied to other infectious agents and their related cancers. 相似文献