重度子

目的 探讨重度子(癎)前期各种严重并发症的发生与临床指标的关系,寻求针对重度子(癎)前期严重并发症更好的监测手段,以期提供对重度子(癎)前期严重并发症及早干预措施和有效的临床监控方法.方法 对北京大学第三医院1999-01-2005-01 收治的191例重度子(癎)前期孕妇的前瞻性观察资料进行分析总结.将重度子(癎)前期起病时间以34孕周为界分为早发型(100例)和晚发型(91例)重度子(癎)前期两组.将一般临床资料、并发症发生情况、临床监测指标及围生结局进行统计学分析比较.结果 早发组与晚发组间并发症发生率差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),有无产前检查和血压波动变异情况、眼底血管改变是发生子(癎)、胎盘早剥、HELLP综合征及高血压脑病、心衰肺水肿的危险因素;终止妊娠时孕周越高,围生儿预后越好.结论 保守治疗可以改善重度子(癎)前期患者围生结局预后,注重各种并发症的临床监控是早发型重度子(癎)前期保守治疗的关键,终止妊娠时的孕龄是影响围生结局的主要因素.     

重度子痫前期临床发病类型及特点与围产结局的关系

目的探讨重度子痫前期临床发病类型和特点与围产结局的关系;进一步研究早发型重度子痫前期的临床界定及保守治疗的临床意义.方法173例重度子痫前期患者以孕34周发病时间为界,分为早发和晚发两种类型;再根据病程进展缓急（起病至发展为重度子痫前期＞48 h）进一步将其分为突发和渐进两种类型.共分4组：即早发突发型组10例、早发渐进型组87例、晚发突发型组18例、晚发渐进型组58例.对4组患者的一般临床资料、并发症发生情况、临床监测指标及围产结局进行分析比较.结果（1）早发突发型组及晚发突发型组共28例（16.2%）患者突发起病,病情于48 h内发展成重度子痫前期;早发渐进型组及晚发渐进型组共145例患者（83.4%）缓慢发病,病情于48 h后逐渐发展成重度子痫前期.早发突发型组的发生率与晚发突发型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;早发渐进型组的发生率与晚发渐进型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.（2）早发突发型组严重并发症发生率为100.0%（10/10）,早发渐进型组为34.5%（30/87）,晚发突发型组为100.0%（18/18）,晚发渐进型组为29.3%（17/58）.早发突发型组严重并发症发生率与早发渐进型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;晚发突发型组严重并发症发生率与晚发渐进型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）.（3）早发突发型组胎（婴）儿死亡率为72.7%（8/11）,早发渐进型组为24.3%（25/103）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.晚发突发型组胎（婴）儿死亡率为22.2%（4/18）,晚发渐进型组为4.9%（3/61）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.（4）多因素回归分析显示,终止妊娠孕周是影响围产结局的主要因素;发病孕周以34孕周来界定早发和晚发类型时,发病孕周与围产结局无相关性（OR=0.426,95%CI：0.138～1.331）;以32孕周来界定早发和晚发类型时,则与围产结局相关（OR=0.177,95%CI：0.085～0.369）.结论重度子痫前期患者的临床发病类型较为复杂,早发突发型患者有临床上的不可预测性,其围产结局不良;晚发渐进型患者的围产结局较好.终止孕周是影响围产结局的主要因素,临床上以32孕周界定早发类型重度子痫前期更能准确反映发病孕周与围产结局的关系.     

早发型重度子痫前期妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期的临床特点及围生结局。方法:回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年6月四川大学华西第二医院收治的重度子痫前期患者413例,以发病孕周34周为界限,分为早发型重度子痫前期组156例(早发型组)及晚发型重度子痫前期组257例(晚发型组)。比较两组一般情况、并发症、分娩方式及围生儿结局等指标。结果:早发型组患者在终止妊娠孕周、延长孕周时间、住院时间、入院时血压、24小时尿蛋白、并发症发生率及围生儿结局等方面与晚发型组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期患者病情严重,围生儿预后不佳,应根据母胎情况,适时剖宫产终止妊娠。     

早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局分析

目的探讨早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期分娩方式及母婴结局。方法收集1977-2010年在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院产科住院的重度子痫前期患者4457例,其中早发型860例,晚发型3597例。回顾性分析其分娩方式及母婴结局。结果早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期剖宫产率分别为57.7%和36.9%,早发型明显高于晚发型(P=0.02);胎盘早剥是最常见并发症,在早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期发生率分别为6.7%和4.6%(P<0.05)。早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期围生儿死亡率分别为3.6%和2.2%(P<0.01)。特别是早发型妊娠34周前终止妊娠者,围生儿死亡率高达4.9%。结论子痫前期终止妊娠的主要方式为剖宫产术;发病孕周越早,母婴不良结局发生率越高。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗妊娠结局的多因素分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中母儿不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素。方法对57例经期待治疗的早发型重度子痫前期孕妇的临床资料进行总结分析,按照有无孕妇及新生儿严重并发症（包括新生儿死亡）的发生分别分为孕妇不良妊娠结局组与对照组和新生儿不良结局组与对照组,分别比较两组患者的一般临床情况及各项检验指标。采用多因素Logistic回归分析母儿不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结果57例早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中,16例孕妇出现严重并发症,发生率为16/57（28.1%）,无孕产妇死亡。胎死宫内3例,12例新生儿出现明显并发症,其中6例新生儿死亡,围产儿死亡率为9/57（15.8‰）。经多因素回归分析,发病孕周（以30周为界）及血小板减少是孕妇严重并发症发生的独立危险因素,比数比分别为5.2（95%CI 1.1-24.0,P=0.04）和4.6（95%CI 1.2-17.6,P=0.03）。分娩孕周（以32周为界）是新生儿病率及死亡率的独立危险因素,比数比为6.0（95%CI 1.5-24.9,P=0.01）。结论早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗中需严密监护。发病孕周不足30周及血小板降低者孕妇严重并发症的发生显著增加,而分娩孕周超过32周,新生儿结局将显著改善,因此需权衡利弊,选择恰当时机终止妊娠。     

子痫前期孕妇的血清尿酸水平对母胎妊娠结局的预测作用

【摘 要】 目的：探讨子痫前期孕妇分娩前1个月内的血清尿酸水平对预测母胎妊娠结局的价值。方法：选取2014年4月-2015年12月在上海市第六人民医院分娩的152例子痫前期孕妇进行回顾性分析。所有入选者根据子痫前期严重程度、发病孕周分别分为重度组（106例）、非重度组（46例）及早发型组（75例）、晚发型组（77例）。收集孕妇分娩前1个月内的血清尿酸,选取病情最严重时对应的数值;妊娠并发症如胸腹腔积液、肝肾功能不全;围生儿健康指标如新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分。结果：早发型或重度子痫前期孕妇的血清尿酸水平分别比晚发型或轻度子痫前期孕妇的明显升高（P＜0.01）。通过二分类Logistics回归分析发现：血清尿酸水平升高是子痫前期不良母胎结局的危险因素之一。受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线进一步表明：血清尿酸水平升高达到388～440 μmol/L,对预测子痫前期不良母胎结局的发生差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：血清尿酸水平对评估子痫前期孕妇的不良母胎结局、选择评估终止妊娠时机具有重要的预测价值,需要临床医师予以高度重视。     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗及妊娠结局

目的：探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗和终止妊娠时机选择对母儿结局的影响。方法：对72例早发型重度子痫前期病例进行回顾性分析,按终止妊娠的孕周分3组,比较母儿结局。结果：随期待治疗时间的延长,新生儿窒息率和死亡率明显下降（P〈0．01）,而孕妇并发症无明显增加。结论：对早发型重度子痫前期,期待治疗和适时终止妊娠是最大限度降低孕产妇和围产儿死亡率的重要方法。     

不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期发病的母婴结局分析

目的：分析不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期发病的母婴结局。方法：回顾性分析120例到我院诊治的不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期发病的患者,根据不同孕周分为3组,孕周＜28周为A组,28≤孕周〈32周为B组,32周≤孕周〈34周为C组,比较3组患者终止妊娠时间、保守治疗时间、分娩方式、母婴死亡情况、并发症情况以及围生儿存活情况等。结果：3组患者终止妊娠时间、保守治疗时间、围生儿存活情况比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,孕妇死亡情况比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期孕妇的围生儿死亡率和并发症发生率比较高,并且发生率孕周小的高于孕周多的。孕妇安全的情况下,可以保守治疗延长胎龄,促进胎儿成熟,使新生儿存活率升高,围生儿死亡率降低。     

重度子痼前期终止妊娠的时机方式与结局

目前治疗子痢前期（PE）唯一有效的方法是终止妊娠。对晚发型重度子痢前期，胎儿已经基本成熟或接近成熟，常毫不犹豫的终止妊娠。但对于早发型重度子痫前期，如何处理却是临床产科医师面临的难题。过多延长孕周将导致母亲严重并发症，而过早终止妊娠却又因胎儿不成熟而使新生儿并发症和死亡率大大增加。而且这些妇女再次怀孕发生早发型重度子痫前期的机率更高，其围生儿结局依然很差。因此。应选择适宜的分娩孕周，在保证母亲安全的同时获得健康存活的婴儿。     

重度子痫前期合并大量胸腔积液12例临床分析

目的探讨重度子痫前期合并大量胸腔积液患者的临床特点及母儿预后。方法回顾性分析比较重度子痫前期合并大量胸腔积液患者12例（胸腔积液组）及未合并胸腔积液患者69例（非胸腔积液组）的临床特点、发病情况、诊治情况、孕妇严重并发症及围生儿结局。结果两组年龄、孕次、分娩孕周、住院天数、入院后最高收缩压和舒张压比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,胸腔积液组血浆白蛋白明显低于非胸腔积液组,24h尿蛋白定量以及子痫、心力衰竭发生率、围产儿死亡率明显高于对照组。结论合并大量胸腔积液是重度子痫前期的少见、严重并发症,易出现子痫、心力衰竭,增加围产儿死亡。出现大量胸腔积液应及时终止妊娠。终止妊娠后胸腔积液在2周内自然消失,不必特殊治疗。     

Maternal and fetal outcome in valvular heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the pregnancy outcomes of women having valvular heart disease with the pregnancy outcomes of healthy women. METHODS: A retrospective comparison of the maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes of 312 women with valvular heart disease and 321 healthy women cared for at a tertiary care hospital during the same period. Statistical analysis was done using the chi(2)-test, with significance fixed at 0.05. RESULTS: Women with valvular heart disease had a significantly higher incidence of surgical interventions during pregnancy than women in the control group [13.4% (balloon mitral valvotomy) vs. 0.6% (ovarian cystectomy)], congestive heart failure (5.1% vs. 0%, P<0.001), and mortality [0.64% (two women) vs. 0%]. Perinatal outcome was also more adverse in the valvular heart disease group than in the control group, with increased preterm delivery rate (48.3% vs. 20.5%), reduced birth weight (2434+/-599 g vs. 2653+/-542 g; P<0.001), and a higher incidence of APGAR scores less than 8 (8.3% vs. 4%; P<0.01). There was also a higher rate of instrumental delivery (9.9% vs. 3.4%). However, the rate of cesarean deliveries was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy in women with valvular heart disease is associated with significantly higher maternal morbidity and adverse fetal outcomes and requires a team approach for optimal management.     

Male disadvantage for neonatal complications of term infants,especially in small-for-gestational age neonates

Abstract

Objective: Sex differences in long and short-term outcomes for infants are observed. This has also been shown for several neonatal complications in preterm neonates. We aimed to evaluate whether sex impacts neonatal outcome among term neonates. Furthermore, we were interested in whether small-for-gestational age male and female neonates at term presented with different patterns of neonatal complications.

Methods: Data on all term singleton deliveries and respective neonatal outcomes between 2004 and 2008 at a single tertiary medical center were utilized for this retrospective cohort study. Immediate neurological complications were defined as one or more of the following: intraventricular hemorrhage, convulsions, asphyxia and acidosis. Neonatal complications were compared between male and female term infants, as well as male and female term small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates.

Results: 37?342 singleton neonates were born ≥37 weeks’ gestation. 19?112 neonates were males. Birth weight, cesarean sections and operative deliveries were significantly higher for males. Neonatal hypoglycemia and immediate neurological complications were significantly more frequent in males. For term SGA’s, low 5-min apgar scores (<7) at 39–40 weeks were 2.65 times higher for males compared with females, as was hypoglycemia.

Conclusions: Male infants at term, especially male SGA infants, are more likely to encounter complications during labor and require special neonatal care due to metabolic and/or neurological complications.     

The impact of maternal epilepsy on perinatal outcome in singleton gestations

Objective: We sought to evaluate perinatal outcomes in women with epilepsy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study between 2007 and 2014, at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. All women with singleton gestation who delivered during the study period were included, except for pregnancies in which fetuses with chromosomal or structural anomalies were diagnosed. Perinatal outcome was compared between two groups: women diagnosed with epilepsy and women without epilepsy.

Results: Out of 62,102 deliveries during the study period, 61,455 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 206 (0.3%) had epilepsy. The only difference found in maternal demographics was higher rate of nulliparity in the epilepsy group (p?=?.02). As for maternal adverse outcome, higher rates of placental abruption and longer postpartum admission were found in women with epilepsy (p?=?.02 and p?p?p?=?.02), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (OR 1.84, 95%CI 1.25–2.70, p?=?.002), seizures (OR 4.33, 95%CI 1.60–11.77, p?=?.004), transient tachypnea of the newborn (OR 2.47, 95%CI 1.005–6.05, p?=?.049) and respiratory distress syndrome (OR 7.16, 95%CI 2.47–20.76, p?Conclusions: Epilepsy in pregnant women is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including neonatal seizures, placental abruption and respiratory problems.     

Small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler have suboptimal perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome

Objective

To evaluate the perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome of small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler managed expectantly during pregnancy and delivery.

Study design

Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed from a cohort of singleton small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler and normally grown controls matched by gestational age at delivery, parity and parental socio-economic level. Neurodevelopmental outcome was prospectively evaluated by means of the 24-month Age&Stage Questionnaire (ASQ).

Results

A total of 129 small-for-gestational-age fetuses and 259 controls were included. Small-for-gestational-age fetuses had a higher risk for neonatal intensive care unit admission (15.5% versus 3.9%; p < 0.001) and significant neonatal morbidity (2.3% versus 0%; p = 0.04) than controls. At 24-months, these fetuses showed significantly lower neurodevelopmental centile in the problem solving (42.8 versus 52.1; p = 0.001) and personal-social (44.4 versus 54.6; p < 0.001) areas than controls.

Conclusion

Perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome in small-for-gestational-age fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler is suboptimal, which may challenge the role of umbilical artery Doppler to discriminate between normal-SGA and growth-restricted fetuses.     

Predictors of poor obstetric outcome in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year experience of a university hospital

Objective: To compare the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a retrospective analysis from 2005 to 2010, and a prospective follow-up of pregnant SLE patients from 2010 to 2015 to find out predictors of poor obstetric outcome.

Methods: The study included 236 SLE pregnant females (retrospective group) whose data were viewed retrospectively from their medical records, and 214 SLE pregnant females (prospective group) who were followed prospectively to record their maternal and fetal outcome.

Results: There was a highly significant difference between the two groups regarding abortion, venous thromboembolism, prematurity, and intrauterine fetal death (p?p?p?Conclusion: Improved maternal and fetal outcome in women with SLE has occurred following integrated multidisciplinary approach. This emphasizes the importance of postponing pregnancy when predictors of poor outcome are encountered.     

Intrapartum fever and the risk for perinatal complications – the effect of fever duration and positive cultures

Objective: To estimate the association between intrapartum fever and adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of women attempting vaginal delivery at term in a tertiary hospital (2012–2015). Perinatal outcome of deliveries complicated by intrapartum fever (≥38.0?°C) were compared to women with no intrapartum fever matched by parity and gestational age at delivery in a 1:2 ratio. Maternal outcome included cesarean section (CS), operative vaginal delivery (OVD), retained placenta or post-partum hemorrhage. Neonatal outcome included 5-minute Apgar score <7, umbilical artery pH <7.1, meconium aspiration syndrome, need for mechanical ventilation or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Results: Overall, 309 women had intrapartum fever and 618 served as controls. Women with intrapartum fever had higher rates of OVD (34.3 versus 19.6%, p?p?p?p?p?=?.01).

Conclusions: Intrapartum fever was associated with adverse perinatal complications. The duration of intrapartum fever, maternal bacteremia, and positive cultures further increase this risk.     

HELLP Syndrome: 8 Years of Experience from a Tertiary Referral Center in Western Turkey

Objective. This study was performed to determine the incidence, symptomatology, complications, mode of delivery, treatment modalities, and risk factors for maternal outcome and perinatal outcome in women with HELLP syndrome. Methods. A total of 303 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome diagnosed antenatally were reviewed between 2002 and 2009. Demographic data, including age, parity, gestational age, and clinical and laboratory findings, were recorded from the medical files. In addition, delivery route, indication of cesarean section, and fetal and maternal complications were determined. Results. Acute renal failure (20.5%) was the most common complication. Eclampsia was present in 303 women with HELLP syndrome (52%). There were four maternal deaths (1.4%). The perinatal mortality rate was 20.3%. The percentages of intracerebral hemorrhage and maternal death were higher in women with eclampsia than in those without (6.3% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.01 and 4.8% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.02, respectively). A nadir platelet count of ≤50,000 cells/mm³, a peak serum AST of >150 IU/L, and a peak serum LDH of ≥1400 IU/L were not independent risk factors of an adverse outcome. Conclusion. We concluded that the incidence rates of serious maternal and fetal morbidities and mortalities are increased in HELLP syndrome. Laboratory parameters of HELLP syndrome are not independent risk factors for adverse neonatal–maternal outcome. Adequate and prompt diagnosis and management are crucial in patients with HELLP syndrome.     

Prevalence of Overt and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction Among Pregnant Women and Its Effect on Maternal and Fetal Outcome

Aim

To determine the current prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in normal pregnant women and to study the impact of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcome.

Methods

400 pregnant women between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were registered for the study. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Free T4 and anti-TPO antibody tests were done in patients with deranged TSH. Patients were followed up till delivery. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.

Results

The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 12 and 1.25 %, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (16.6 vs. 7.8 %) and placental abruption (16.6 vs. 0.8 %). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (22.3 vs. 7.8 %) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcomes in overt hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (16.6 vs. 2.39 %), preterm birth (33.3 vs. 5.8 %), low birth weight (50 vs. 12.11 %), intrauterine growth retardation (25 vs. 4.9 %), and fetal death (16.6 vs. 1.7 %) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (5.5 vs. 2.39 %), preterm delivery (11.2 vs. 5.8 %), low birth weight (25 vs. 12.11 %), and intrauterine growth retardation (8.4 vs. 4.9 %) as compared to the euthyroid women.

Conclusions

The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.