公立医院筹资补偿机制的探讨

"为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务"是<公立医院改革试点指导意见>提出的公立医院医疗卫生服务的总体目标,这一目标的实现仅靠改革公立医院内部运行机制是很难奏效的.公立医院的投入机制、区域医疗卫生服务体系的布局、医院所在地的经济与产业状况、医疗保障(险)的支付额度与支付审批程序等众多因素直接影响医院的投入与产出.本文从我国医院的投入补偿机制入手,分析了医院投入与产出的特征,提出建立基于公益性绩效的公立医院投入补偿的观点,为进一步完善公立医院的管理体制、形成以公益性为导向的公立医院运行机制提供参考依据.

Abstract：

Access of safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services to the people is set as the goal of public hospitals health services as stated in the "Guidelines for Public Hospitals Pilot Reform". Such a goal, however, can hardly be achieved by mechanism changes within the public hospitals. The input and output of public hospitals rely critically on such factors as the input mechanism, regional pattern of healthcare system, the economic and industrial conditions of the region,payment quota and payment approval procedures of medical insurance. This paper set off from the input compensation mechanism of public hospitals in China and analyzed the input and output characteristics of the hospitals. Furthermore, the paper proposed to establish an input compensation mechanism based on public welfare performance for such hospitals. This provided further reference for improving the management of public hospitals and building a public welfare-oriented operation mechanism of public hospitals.     

湖北省6家公立医院的经济运行现状分析

目的 了解湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状,分析其对公立医院公益性的影响.方法 采用现场调查的方法收集数据,结合相关统计资料对湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状进行分析.结果 湖北省公立医院的财务收支不断增加并趋于平衡;政府财政补助有限,90%以上的公立医院收入来源于医疗收入和药品收入;公立医院人均业务收入呈逐年增长的趋势;湖北省公立医院的资产负债率相对较高.结论 宏观经济体制和卫生政策的变革、经济利益的诱导阻碍了公立医院公益性的实现.完善公立医院的财政补偿机制,规范公立医院的财务管理机制.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals.     

公立医院组织文化测评量表研究

目的借鉴Denison组织文化模型,结合我国公立综合性医院特点,科学测评医院文化.方法 运用我国东、中、西3省/直辖市的87所医院的调查数据,研究设计了医院文化测评量表.结果 医院文化测评量表包括方向性、一致性、参与性、适应性4大文化特性以及社会责任、竞争意识在内的13个文化维度,经检验,量表具有良好的内部信度和效度.结论 医院文化测评量表为医院管理者进行医院文化测评、诊断和改善提供了测评工具.

Abstract：

Objective A scientific evaluation of hospital culture with the Dimension organizational culture model, in view of features of China's general public hospitals.Methods Based on Denison model, according to the characteristics of the public general hospitals in China, the authors developed a tool for organizational culture assessment (TOCA) by using the survey data from 87 hospitals in three provinces from the East, Central, and West areas in China.Results This tool, an evaluation scale, comprises the four cultural characteristics of direction, consistency, participation, and adaptability, as well as 13 cultural dimensions of social responsibility and competitive consciousness. The tool is tested as having good internal reliability and validity.Conclusion The TOCA provides hospital administrators with a tool for hospital culture evaluation, diagnosis and improvement.     

基于社会治理视角的公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建

社会治理是基于对社会管理过程中权力格局分析与判断,在政府、市场、社会与公民基本关系明确定位的前提下倡导的新型公共管理模式.社会评价是基于社会治理理论的一种有效实现载体和手段,由于其对公众利益和责任表达、解决突出社会矛盾问题具针对性和优越性,已得到普遍促进和应用.在基于社会治理理论开展公立医院管理改革情景分析的基础上,阐述了国内外社会治理及社会评价理论、内涵与进展,以及对相关社会领域社会评价治理路径及实践探索进行梳理分析,提出了在医疗服务管理领域探讨和开发其公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建,为探索建立公立医院社会管理制度以及政策制定提供依据.

Abstract：

Social governance is a novel form of public administration made based on the analysis and judgment for the power pattern in the course of social administration, a model advocated in the premise of a clearly positioned relationship among the government, marketplace, society and citizens.Social evaluation is an effective carrier and means leveraging the social governance theory, which has found extensive and outstanding use in such issues as expression of public interests and responsibilities,and in tackling sharp social problems. The authors called into play the scenario analysis based on public hospital management reforms with the social governance theory. In addition, they explored social governance at home and abroad as well as the theories, meaning and progress of social evaluation, and analyzed the pathways and probes in social evaluation and governance in the fields in question. On such basis, the paper proposed to explore and develop the social evaluation strategies and study framework for public hospitals in terms of healthcare management, aiming at building the social governance system and policies for public hospitals.     

深圳市公立医院法人治理改革探索

分析了目前公立医院体制机制方面存在的问题,按照"政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性与非营利性分开"的改革原则,制定了公立医院法人治理改革实施路径.一是建立公立医院管理委员会,统筹政府办医保障职能;建立公立医院管理机构,提高举办医院的行政管理水平;转变卫生行政部门职能,形成多元化办医格局.二是建立分级决策机制、自主经营制度及多元监管制度,解决政事分开问题.三是研究制定公立医院章程,促进公立医院向法定机构转变,通过法制化巩固法人治理改革成果.

Abstract：

Analysis of setbacks found in the existing system and mechanism of public hospitals. Based on the health reform principles of "Separation of administration and management, Separation of administration and operation, Separation of prescribing and dispensing, and Separation of for-profit hospitals and nonprofit hospitals", the authors named the following roadmap for public hospital governance reform. First, set up a management committee for each public hospital to coordinate the government function for medical service; set up a public hospital authority to upgrade the management level of these hospitals; transform functionality of health authorities to encourage diversity in medical service providers. Second, establish the tiered decision making mechanism, autonomous operation system and diversified supervision system, to separate administration and management. Third, formulate articles of association for hospitals to encourage their evolution to legal entities, consolidating the government reforms by legal means.     

Hsien Wu,the founder of Chinese biochemistry and nutriology

Hsien Wu (1893-1959) was a world-renowned biochemist and nutrition scientist with excellent achievements in protein chemistry,clinical chemistry,immunochemistry,nutriology and so on.He was also the founder of Chinese biochemistry and nutriology,and was regarded as "a giant of Chinese chemistry," and "without doubt the greatest chemist and perhaps the greatest scientist in China during the first half of the 20th century."     

基于院长负责制的公立医院治理结构研究

通过对温州市公立医院治理结构实施现状的研究,指出现行公立医院治理结构缺陷成因包括三权制衡难以有效实施、院长权力的绝对性与局限性、院长负责制的家长制倾向;并对理事会领导下的院长负责制进行充分论证,认为公立医院治理结构的改革是个持续完善的过程,有效的激励、监督和竞争机制对提高医院运营效率有着重要的意义.

Abstract：

This paper studied the present governance practice in public hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province. Points made in the paper cover the following: failure of the check-and-balance of the three powers due to defects of the existing governance mechanism of public hospitals, absolute power and limitation of the hospital director as well as the patriarchal tendency of the director responsibility system.The author also demonstrated the director responsibility system under the board of directors, holding that the reform of the public hospital governance is a process of ongoing improvements, for which the mechanism of effective incentives, supervision and competition mechanism plays a key role for efficient hospital operations.     

医疗保险总额预付制对医院的影响及对策

分析了上海市医疗保险局自2009年在三级医院开始"医疗保险总额预付制"试点工作以来,总额预付制对医院的影响,提出了医院应及时转变观念,从提高医疗质量、加强成本核算、实现医疗保险管理信息化及精细化等方面着手,科学合理地控制费用,主动适应和推进医疗改革的进程.

Abstract：

The paper analyzed the impact of the trial for "lump-sum prepayment practice of medical insurance" on tertiary hospitals in Shanghai initiated by Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau since 2009. Based on the analysis, the authors recommended that the hospitals should adapt to the changes by raising quality of care, improving cost accounting, informationizing and refining medical insurance information management, as well as controlling expenses on a rational basis. These approaches will help them adapt to and promote the ongoing health reform in China.     

Iterative Factors Favoring Collaboration for Interorganizational Resilience: The Case of the Greater Montréal Transportation Infrastructure

Between members of a network, interorganizational resilience is favored by effective collaboration and coordination during a crisis. The quality of that collaboration depends on various iterative factors present between these organizations before the occurrence of a crisis.We find that these factors are iterative since collaboration factors follow a mutually reinforcing cycle: collaboration within a crisis management network is conditioned by a general agreement, which is in turn conditioned by the extent to which the institutions coordinate themselves prior to crisis. We evaluated the factors that promote collaboration between public and private organizations that manage the Greater Montréal transportation infrastructure.These factors are based on adaptive management processes such as mutual agreements, common organizational culture, knowledge and financial resources, levers of power,regulations, and pressure. Crisis management coordination represents the ability to build and assess the effectiveness of common response plans to risks to which they are exposed. We show how these processes vary depending on the links between private and public organizations.