寰枢椎脱位的诊断与治疗

寰枢椎脱位是寰枢椎间的稳定性丧失导致寰枢关节对应关系发生错位的一种病理解剖状态, 是脊柱外科严重的致残性疾病, 甚至可能危及患者生命。寰枢椎脱位的病因包括创伤性、先天性、炎症性、退变性与肿瘤等因素, 临床上由于症状和体征不具有特异性, 因此影像学检查尤为重要。寰枢椎脱位主要根据病因学、寰枢椎相对位置关系、复位难易程度进行分类, 准确的分类对治疗方案的选择有重要意义。寰枢椎脱位的手术指征尚未形成普及度较高的指南或共识, 患者表现相关症状或脊髓神经功能损害是临床上公认度较高的手术指征。手术方式仍以后路术式为主, 随着寰枢椎置钉、复位及融合技术的不断改进和优化, 以及脊柱外科新兴设备的辅助, 手术相关风险及并发症发生率大幅降低, 寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗可获得良好的复位和融合效果。因此对寰枢椎脱位的病因、诊断、分类、治疗、并发症和预后进行归纳, 以期为寰枢椎脱位的临床诊治提供参考意见。     

“直视法”椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折

目的评价应用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法2011年1月—2014年12月,本院采用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术并髂骨块植骨融合治疗22例寰枢椎不稳定性骨折患者,观察置钉的安全性、术后临床疗效、寰枢椎稳定性、手术并发症及植骨融合情况。结果所有患者寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉均一次置钉成功,寰枢间稳定性得到即刻恢复,无脊髓及椎动脉损伤等并发症发生,平均随访26.4月,影像学资料示螺钉位置良好,固定牢固,植骨融合时间平均3.4个月。结论采用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳定性骨折,具有安全系数高、力学稳定性好、植骨融合率高及手术并发症少等优点,是治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折较为理想的技术。     

寰枢椎畸形并不稳的治疗（附73例分析）

目的：探讨寰枢椎畸形并不稳的临床及其治疗方法。方法;对73例因寰枢椎先天性畸形导数上颈椎不稳患者分别施行保守及手术治疗,其中保守治疗21例,手术治疗52例。结果：保守治疗患者随访3个月至2年,其中14例患者症状缓解或无加重,另7例因症状加重行手术治疗。手术治疗患者随访3个月至10年,效果均满意。结论：对于有症状的寰枢椎畸形并不稳患者可采取积极手术治疗,复位、减压及重建稳定性是治疗之原则。     

SSE寰枢椎挂钩内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的探讨SSE寰枢椎挂钩在治疗寰枢椎不稳中的应用。方法总结分析自2003年6月～2005年5月收治的10例寰枢椎不稳患者的临床资料。所有患者均行颈后路复位减压植骨融合SSE寰枢椎挂钩内固定术,术后复查颈椎动力位X线片、CT及CT三维重建,并结合患者恢复情况,综合评价SSE寰枢椎挂钩在治疗寰枢椎不稳中的应用。结果10例患者均获随访,随访2～18个月,平均11.5个月。术前症状消失或明显改善,无脱钩、内固定断裂等内固定物失败的现象。影像学资料显示:SSE寰枢椎挂钩位置良好,无挂钩松动、移位,无寰枢椎不稳复发等情况。结论SSE寰枢椎挂钩为治疗寰枢椎不稳的一种新型内植物,其固定强度更大、固定效果更可靠,手术操作简单,为寰枢椎不稳的治疗提供了一种新的选择。     

寰枢椎椎弓根系统在上颈椎损伤中的临床应用(附14例报告)

目的 探讨椎弓根系统内固定术治疗寰枢椎损伤的手术效果.方法 对14例寰枢椎损伤行椎弓根系统内固定术治疗.结果 14例经平均18个月随访,CT、MR复查提示寰枢椎复位良好,无出现关节不稳、骨折线不愈合,并且存在神经症状的患者有不同程度的改善.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根系统内固定术应用于寰枢椎损伤有显著的治疗效果.     

第一届经口咽寰枢椎前路复位钢板系统（TARP）内固定技术学习班通知

寰枢椎位置深在,解剖结构复杂,该部位的手术治疗一直是脊柱外科的研究热点和手术难点之一。经口咽前路寰枢椎减压TARP内固定术对于难复性寰枢椎脱位、颅底凹陷等疾患具有一次完成减压、复位、固定、融合等操作的优点,临床效果确实。广州军区广州总医院骨科医院在寰枢椎经口前路手术方面积累了丰富的临床经验,并独创设计了经口寰枢椎前路复位钢板内固定系统。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗Ⅱ型齿突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位

目的探讨经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗Ⅱ型齿突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法对2010年10月-2012年9月收治的20例Ⅱ型（Anderson分型）齿突骨折合并寰枢椎脱位的患者行后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者伴有寰枢椎的脱位或半脱位,所有患者无明显脊髓损伤症状,枕颈部疼痛明显,术前常规采用颅骨牵引,平均3.5 d。结果 20例患者术后平均随访16个月,所有患者颈部疼痛缓解明显,骨折固定可靠。结论寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉系统三维固定技术是治疗Ⅱ型齿突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患者一种有效的手术方法。     

一期前路病灶清除联合后路枕颈融合术治疗伴寰枕关节失稳的寰枢椎结核

【】 目的 探讨Ⅰ期前路病灶清除联合后路枕颈融合术治疗伴有寰枕关节失稳的寰枢椎结核的临床疗效。方法 2011年2月至2015年10月采用Ⅰ期前路病灶清除联合后路枕颈融合术治疗8例伴有寰枕关节失稳的寰枢椎结核患者。男3例,女5例,年龄29～56岁,平均39.5岁。所有患者CT上显示均伴有寰枕关节的骨质破坏,3例伴有寰枢椎脱位。其中4例患者有神经功能障碍,FrankelC级2例,D级2例。C1椎体结核4例,C1、2椎体结核4例,椎前脓肿6例。8例患者术中均使用自体髂骨植骨。8例患者术前影像学诊断为寰枢椎结核,术中病理检查确诊为结核。观察手术时间、出血量、并发症、随访治疗效果。结果 8例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间180～290min,平均230min；术中出血量500～1700ml,平均800ml。6例患者均获随访,随访时间16～68个月,平均24个月。1例术后出现吞咽困难及喝水呛咳,予以留置胃管1周后症状减轻,2周后症状消失。8例患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成。患者均植骨融合。有神经功能障碍者Frankel分级均恢复至E级。随访期间无复发及内固定失败病例。结论 Ⅰ期前路病灶清除联合后路枕颈融合术治疗伴有寰枕关节失稳的寰枢椎结核能彻底的清除病灶,重建寰枕关节的稳定性,促进植骨融合,防止结核的复发。     

C1,2椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）疗效分析

目的探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定融合技术治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）的临床疗效和应用价值。方法对2005年5月-2008年1月收治的17例寰椎骨折病例进行回顾性分析,患者均予后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合。结果术中未发生与置钉相关的并发症。所有病例术后均获随访,随访时间为12-24个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。复查X线片、CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎均获骨性融合。术后随访效果满意。结论寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）,能使上颈椎获得即刻稳定,效果良好,是寰枢椎后路固定术中较好的手术方式之一。     

C1，2椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定融合技术治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）的临床疗效和应用价值。 方法 对2005年5月~2008年1月收治的17例寰椎骨折病例进行回顾性分析,患者均予后路寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定术并行自体髂骨植骨融合。 结果 术中未发生与置钉相关的并发症。所有病例术后均获随访,随访时间为12~24个月。患者的临床症状均得到不同程度的改善。复查X线片、CT,未发现患者上颈椎失稳或复位丢失,螺钉位置良好,无松动、断钉,寰枢椎均获骨性融合。术后随访效果满意。 结论 寰枢椎椎弓根钉棒固定治疗寰椎骨折（Jefferson骨折）,能使上颈椎获得即刻稳定,效果良好,是寰枢椎后路固定术中较好的手术方式之一。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.