颈髓急性损伤后的磁共振波谱评价

目的:探讨颈髓急性损伤后磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)的诊断价值。方法:对19例急性颈髓损伤患者根据神经功能分为完全性损伤及不全性损伤两组,选取创区与创区头侧远端颈髓行1H-MRS,半定量分析氮-乙酰门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)含量的比值。结果:颈髓完全性损伤组中NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr显著减低,Lac/Cho显著增高,其创区头侧远端Lac/Cho含量也增高(P<0.05);不完全损伤组中仅Lac/Cho含量增加,头侧远端乳酸含量亦增高(P<0.05)。颈髓损伤不同程度组间NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:1H-MRS所测NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr从代谢水平反映颈髓损伤的不同程度,创区头侧远端Lac/Cho比值增高提示颈髓隐匿损伤的存在。     

颈脊髓慢性压迫症的代谢组学研究

目的探讨应用磁共振波谱技术（magneticresonance spectroscopy,MRS）测量颈脊髓慢性压迫症患者脊髓代谢组改变的可行性,探讨脊髓代谢组学与脊髓功能的相关性。方法 2009年1月至2010年6月行减压手术的脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）患者13例作为实验组,男8例,女5例;年龄37～84岁,平均58.2岁。术前进行神经系统检查、神经功能评价（JOA评分）和MRS检查,将感兴趣区放置在脊髓受压最严重部位的相邻节段。通过MRS测得以下代谢物的浓度：氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱（Cho）、肌酸（Cr）、乳酸（Lac）、肌醇（Ins）、谷氨酰氨（Glx）。15名健康志愿者为正常对照组,年龄和性别与实验组无明显差异,同样用MRS测得脊髓代谢浓度。计算以下代谢浓度的比值：NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Lac/Cr、Ins/Cr、Glx/Cr。结果实验组的NAA/Cr和Glx/Cr比正常对照组明显降低（1.18 vs 2.58,P=0.023;0.56 vs 1.25,P=0.008）。实验组的NAA/Cr与脊髓JOA评分呈正相关。但是两组其他代谢物浓度比值如Cho/Cr,mI/Cr,Lac/Cr的差异均无统计学意义。实验组患者中有4例出现乳酸峰,而对照组中无一例出现乳酸峰。结论 MRS可以定量测量颈脊髓的代谢组学改变。慢性颈脊髓压迫症患者的NAA/Cr和Glx/Cr较健康志愿者明显降低,说明神经元和轴突的减少和损伤。NAA/Cr与脊髓功能的相关性,提示有评价脊髓功能的临床价值,但尚需大样本的研究来证实。     

磁共振波谱成像观察多发性硬化与视神经脊髓炎患者丘脑代谢产物

目的利用1H-MRS探讨多发性硬化（MS）及视神经脊髓炎（NMO）患者丘脑代谢产物的变化。方法对32例MS患者（MS组）、28例NMO患者（NMO组）和35名健康志愿者（正常对照组）行丘脑1H-MRS扫描,计算并比较各组丘脑代谢产物比值[N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA/Cr）、胆碱/肌酸（Cho/Cr）、肌醇/肌酸（mI/Cr）]。结果三组间NAA/Cr差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与正常对照组比较,MS组丘脑NAA/Cr明显减低（t=-3.45,P〈0.05）,而Cho/Cr及mI/Cr差异无统计学意义（t=0.086、0.661,P均〉0.05）。与正常对照组比较,NMO组丘脑NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr及mI/Cr差异均无统计学意义（t=-0.792、1.408、1.735,P均〉0.05）。结论 1H-MRS显示MS患者丘脑NAA/Cr减低,提示此区域存在轴索损伤,而NMO患者丘脑受损不明显,反映出MS与NMO存在不同的病理变化,有助于二者的鉴别诊断。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤常规及功能磁共振成像特点

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)常规MRI及fMRI特点。方法回顾性分析21例经病理证实的PCNSL的常规MRI及DWI、1 H-MRS、PWI表现。结果 21例患者共39个PCNSL病灶的ADC值为(0.78±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,对侧半球正常脑白质ADC值为(0.89±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s,二者差异有统计学意义(t=1.24,P0.05)。相对于正常脑白质,PCNSL病灶1 H-MRS波谱表现为Cho/Cr值增高(4.62±2.05vs 0.83±0.25)、Cho/NAA值增高(6.86±2.36vs 0.63±0.34)、NAA/Cr值减低(0.67±1.73vs 0.63±.034),差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。PCNSL病灶PWI表现为相对低灌注,脑血容量低于周围正常脑实质。结论采用MR DWI、1 H-MRS、PWI可从不同方面反映PCNSL的特征,结合常规MRI征象可进一步提高诊断准确率。     

1H-MRS检测正常中老年人纹状体和黑质代谢功能

目的探讨中老年人纹状体和黑质1 H-MRS各参数值正常参考范围。方法纳入健康中老年志愿者32名,采用单体素PRESS序列对纹状体、多体素PRESS序列对黑质进行1 H-MRS扫描,分析N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)含量及各参数比值。结果左右侧纹状体和黑质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。综合两侧结果,纹状体NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均值及95%CI分别为1.39(1.33~1.45)、0.90(0.86~0.94)、1.58(1.50~1.66)、0.73(0.70~0.76);黑质上述比值均值及95%CI分别为2.36(1.85~2.87)、1.38(1.12~1.65)、1.70(1.59~1.81)、0.93(0.86~1.00);纹状体及黑质中NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值均最稳定。结论正常中老年人黑质和纹状体1 H-MRS各参数中,NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值最稳定,可为研究累及黑质和纹状体区域的疾病提供正常参照。     

磁共振氢质子波谱扫描代谢物相对浓度鉴别软组织肿瘤良恶性

【摘要】目的：探讨磁共振氢质子波谱成像在软组织肿瘤定性诊断中的应用价值。方法：研究均经手术及病理证实的12例良性和10例恶性软组织肿瘤,对照分析良、恶性软组织肿瘤1H-MRS代谢物浓度及比值。结果：①恶性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho/Cr比值为(3.72?.76),良性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho/Cr比值为(0.88?.53),两者Cho/Cr之间的比值差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。②良性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与Cr值及Cr与NAA值之间的差异有显著性（r=0.884,P<0.01; r=0.822,P<0.001）;良性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与NAA值、Cho与LL值、Cr与LL值及NAA值与LL值之间的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③恶性软组织肿瘤代谢物浓度Cr与NAA值之间的差异有显著性（r=0.952,P<0.01）;恶性肿瘤代谢物浓度Cho与Cr值、Cho与NAA值、Cho与LL值及Cr与LL值之间的差异无显著性 (P>0.05)。结论： Cho/Cr比值可作为软组织肿瘤良、恶性鉴别诊断的重要依据。Cho/Cr比值升高提示软组织肿瘤为恶性可能性大;Cho/Cr比值降低提示软组织肿瘤为良性可能性大.     

磁共振氢质子波谱鉴别软组织肿瘤良恶性的价值

目的探讨1H-MRS在软组织肿瘤定性诊断中的应用价值。方法收集经手术及病理证实的12例良性和10例恶性软组织肿瘤患者,分析其1H-MRS各代谢物浓度比值（Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA、Cr/NAA）及其相关性。结果①恶性和良性软组织肿瘤Cho/Cr比值分别为3.72±2.76、0.88±0.53,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,Cho/NAA和Cr/NAA差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。②良性软组织肿瘤Cr浓度与Cho及NAA浓度均呈正相关（r=0.884、0.822,P均〈0.01）,其余代谢物浓度间均无相关性（P均〉0.05）。③恶性软组织肿瘤Cr浓度与NAA浓度呈正相关（r=0.952,P〈0.001）,其余代谢物浓度间均无相关性（P均〉0.05）。结论 Cho/Cr比值可作为良、恶性软组织肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要依据。Cho/Cr比值升高提示软组织肿瘤为恶性可能性大;Cho/Cr比值降低提示软组织肿瘤为良性可能性大。     

无骨折脱位颈髓损伤的MRI分型及临床意义

[目的]前瞻性研究无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者MRI定量和定性特征及对神经功能的影响;探讨MRI分型标准.[方法] 2009年12月～2011年12月本院骨科收治的47例无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者,在MRI影像学上测量颈髓损伤的范围、损伤节段纤维椎管的矢状径和骨性椎管的矢状径,分析结果及对神经功能的影响;制定无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者的MRI分型标准.用加权Kappa值检验放射科医师和骨科医师的MRI分型一致性.[结果]无骨折脱位颈髓损伤患者纤维椎管的矢状径C5/6节段最小,为(6.03 ±1.49) mm;骨性椎管矢状径C4/5节段最小,为(11.85±1.21) mm,纤维椎管与同节段骨性椎管相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).无骨折脱位颈髓损伤范围(2.76±1.29) cm;其中27例脊髓水肿损伤范围为(2.58±1.22) cm;20例脊髓出血损伤范围为(2.89±1.30) cm;本组病例术后末次随访与术前JOA评分差异有显著性(P＜0.01),改善率为55.1％.放射科医师和骨科医师间的MRI分型一致性KA1C1=0.527、KB1D1=0.411;KA1B1=0.661;KC1D1=0.659;4个评估者两次评估间的一致性KA-D=0.493-0.723.[结论]该MRI分型是一种新的方法,经临床检验对颈椎无骨折脱位颈髓损伤诊断和治疗有临床意义.无骨折脱位颈髓损伤MRI分型是一个比较可靠的有效性评估方法,对指导治疗和预后评估有意义.     

SWI联合~1HMRS在弥漫性轴索损伤病情评估中的应用

目的探讨磁敏感加强成像(Susceptibility weighted imaging,SWI)联合氢质子MR波谱分析(~1HMRS)在弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse axonal injury,DAI)病情评估中的应用价值。方法20例临床诊断DAI患者为实验组,10例健康志愿者为对照组。分析实验组SWI序列中病灶的部位及与GCS评分的关系;~1HMRS各参数与对照组的差异、MRS各参数在GCS评分轻中重组间的差异以及GCS评分与MRS各参数的相关关系。结果 DAI患者NAA降低、NAA/Cr降低、Cho升高、Cho/Cr升高,NAA、Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr在轻中重3组间差异有统计学意义,Cho、Cho/Cr与GCS评分呈负相关,NAA、NAA/Cr与GCS评分无相关。结论 SWI联合~1HMRS既可以检测出血的病灶,又可以检测常规MRI表现正常而代谢异常的区域,两者互补能更好地判断损伤部位和损伤程度,从而更加准确地评估病情。     

磁共振扩散张量成像对急性颈髓损伤的临床价值研究

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像对急性颈髓损伤的临床价值。方法选取2018年10月至2019年10月本院收治的98例疑似急性颈髓损伤患者进行回顾性分析,将确诊的78例急性颈髓损伤患者设为观察组,并依据美国脊髓损伤协会标准进行分级(B级21例,C级19例,D级38例)。另选本院同期体检正常成年人50名作为对照组,比较各组颈髓白质区的FA、ADC及λ_┻值。结果观察组患者FA值明显低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);观察组ACD值与λ_┻值显著高于对照组(P0.05),颈髓损伤不同分级患者ADC值比较有显著差异(P0.05),而FA和λ_┻值在不同分级中无明显差异(P0.05),常规MRI和DTI诊断敏感度分别为92.3%(72/78)、97.4%(76/78),特异度分别为55%(11/20)、85%(16/20)、准确率分别为84.7%(83/98)、96.9%(95/98)。DTI对颈髓损伤诊断的准确率明显高于MRI的诊断率,差异显著(P0.05)。常规MRI和DTI诊断的灵敏度、特异度比较无明显采用(P0.05)。结论磁共振扩散张量成像对诊断急性颈髓损伤更为敏感,相比ADC值,FA和λ_┻值更能反映颈髓受损的严重程度,可作为急性期损伤程度的敏感指标。     

Magnetic resonance for the anaesthetist

Anaesthetists are being increasingly involved in magnetic resonance (MR) procedures, both in patient care and as a research tool. This paper outlines the physical basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and describes its application in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Principles of magnet design and safety relevant to anaesthetic practice in a magnetic resonance environment are discussed and guidelines for anaesthetic practice suggested. Some recent clinical magnetic resonance studies of anaesthetic interest are reviewed.     

Are there differences in the biochemical profile of bilateral normal testes? A 3.0 T 1H-MR spectroscopy study

Bilateral normal testes asymmetry represents an interesting phenomenon. The aim was to assess possible differences in the biochemical profile of bilateral normal testes by 3.0 T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Twenty-one men were examined with scrotal 3.0 T MRI, including a single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy sequence. MR spectra were obtained by placing a volume of interest in the middle of each normal testis. Normalised metabolite concentrations, defined as ratios of the calculated metabolite concentrations relative to creatine (Cr) concentration, were compared between bilateral normal testes using Mann–Whitney U test. 1H-MRS allowed the detection of certain testicular metabolites, including total choline, Cr, myo-inositol, Glx, total lipids and macromolecules resonating at 0.9, 1.3 and 2.0 ppm. Normal left testis had higher median normalised concentrations of Glx (p = .002) and lactate (p = .041) compared with the normal right testis. Differences in concentrations of Glx were attributed to differences in glutamate (p = .020). Normal testes asymmetry is confirmed in this study by differences in the biochemical testicular profile, as assessed by 3.0 T 1H-MRS. Increase in levels of glutamate and lactate in normal left testis should be correlated with changes in metabolic pathways, specifically glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism.     

Anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging: a survey of current practice in the UK and Ireland

The lack of information about standards for anaesthetic practice in magnetic resonance imaging is of concern, since increasing requests are being made for this service, often in units not designed for the purpose. An overview of current practice was sought by conducting a postal survey of magnetic resonance units in the UK and Ireland. Replies were received from 100 units (79%), 46 of which had an anaesthetic service provided. A wide diversity of practice and opinion on the conduct of anaesthesia in this field was evident from the replies received. The survey highlighted particular areas of concern about the personal safety of anaesthetists within such units, including exposure to magnetic fields, noise and unscavenged anaesthetic gases. The evidence for such concerns is reviewed.     

心理性勃起功能障碍的海马氢质子波谱研究

目的:研究心理性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者海马代谢的改变,以期为心理性ED可能存在的潜在病因和病理生理机制的探讨提供线索。方法:运用磁共振波谱(MRS)研究15例心理性ED患者和15例年龄匹配的健康志愿者双侧海马的多体素氢质子(1H-MRS)波谱特点,测定N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)代谢物浓度,并分别对NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的比值进行计算。结果:NAA/Cr在心理性ED组两侧海马(左侧为1.03±0.18,右侧为1.05±0.12)均低于正常对照组(左侧为1.25±0.10,右侧为1.21±0.07),差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组两侧Cho/Cr均无明显差异(心理性ED组左侧为1.20±0.82,右侧为1.22±0.95;对照组左侧为1.21±0.93,右侧为1.18±0.12)。结论:心理性ED可能不单纯是功能性疾病,海马可能参与了心理性ED的病理生理过程,心理性ED可能存在潜在的病因和病理生理机制。     

MR动态增强结合 MRCP对 64例壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别分析

目的:探讨MR 动态增强结合磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析64 例经病理学证实壶腹周围癌的MRI 资料,并复习相关文献。结果:64 例中胰头癌35 例,胆总管下段腺癌11 例,壶腹癌8 例,十二指肠腺癌10 例。58 例表现为壶腹区域大小不等的软组织信号结节或肿块,3 例胆总管下段癌及3 例十二指肠腺癌表现局部管壁增厚,61 例伴有程度不等的低位胆管和/ 或胰管梗阻。不同类别肿瘤的MR 表现既有共同之处,又各有特点。结论:MR 动态增强结合MRCP 对壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别具有较大价值。     

动态对比增强MRI在鼻咽癌中的应用进展

鼻咽癌(NPC)是鼻咽部最常见恶性肿瘤,其发生发展与血管生成密切相关。动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)能定量反映病灶内的血流灌注及血管通透性,从形态学和功能学角度准确评估肿瘤恶性程度,有助于指导临床选择治疗方案。本文对DCE-MRI在NPC中的应用进展进行综述。     

胰胆道疾病MRCP检查

目的探讨MRCP在胰胆道疾病中的诊断价值。方法对104例胰胆道疾病的患者行MRCP检查,其中良性疾病80例,恶性疾病24例。结果良、恶性病变的胆管扩张程度、扩张形态比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;良性病变胆管扩张程度轻,多呈树枝状;恶性病变胆管扩张程度重,多呈软藤状。MRCP的定位准确率为81.7%（85/104）,定性准确率为86.5（90/104）,其中对良性病变的定位、定性准确率分别为77.5%和88.7%,恶性病变分别为95.8%和79.2%。结论MRCP对胰胆道疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断有较准确、直观的提示作用。     

3.0 T ~1H-MRS定量分析评估脂肪肝治疗效果的初步研究

目的探讨在3.0 T MRI中运用氢质子波谱成像(1 H-MRS)技术评估脂肪肝治疗效果的可行性。方法收集临床确诊并治疗的脂肪肝患者26例,分别于治疗前、治疗后3和6个月各行1次1 H-MRS检查,测得1 H-MRS的水峰峰值和脂肪峰峰值、水峰峰下面积和脂肪峰峰下面积,计算肝细胞相对脂肪含量1(RLC1)及相对脂肪含量2(RLC2);同期测量患者的甘油三酯、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、腹围及体重指数,将其拟合成临床脂肪肝指数(fatty liver index,FLI)。以FLI为参照标准,对不同时间点1 H-MRS所测得肝脏脂肪含量进行统计学分析。结果采用配伍设计的方差分析,治疗前、治疗后3和6个月的RLC1、RLC2值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);用SNK法做两两检验,治疗前RLC1、RLC2值均分别明显高于治疗后3个月或治疗后6个月的RLC1、RLC2值(P<0.05)。RLC1、RLC2与FLI进行秩相关性分析,均呈正相关性(r=0.476,P<0.001;r=0.475,P<0.001)。可靠性分析显示,治疗前的组内相关系数均≥0.75,可重复性好。结论 1 H-MRS定量分析评估脂肪肝治疗效果具有可行性,并且是一种无创的定量监测方法。     

Preoperative nomograms incorporating magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for prediction of insignificant prostate cancer

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Nomograms are available that combine clinical and biopsy findings to predict the probability of pathologically insignificant prostate cancer in patients with clinically low‐risk disease. Based on data from patients with Gleason score 6, clinical stage ≤ T2a and PSA <20 ng/ml, our group developed the first nomogram models for predicting insignificant prostate cancer that incorporated clinical data, detailed biopsy data and findings from MRI or MRI/MRSI (BJU Int. 2007;99(4):786–93). When tested retrospectively, these MR models performed significantly better than standard clinical models with and without detailed biopsy data. We prospectively validated the previously published MR‐based nomogram models in a population of patients with Gleason score 6, clinical stage ≤ T2a and PSA <10 ng/ml. Based on data from this same population, we also developed two new models for predicting insignificant prostate cancer that combine MR findings and clinical data without detailed biopsy data. Upon initial testing, the new MR models performed significantly better than a clinical model lacking detailed biopsy data.

OBJECTIVES

• ? To validate previously published nomograms for predicting insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) that incorporate clinical data, percentage of biopsy cores positive (%BC+) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MRI/MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) results.
• ? We also designed new nomogram models incorporating magnetic resonance results and clinical data without detailed biopsy data. Nomograms for predicting insignificant PCa can help physicians counsel patients with clinically low‐risk disease who are choosing between active surveillance and definitive therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• ? In total, 181 low‐risk PCa patients (clinical stage T1c–T2a, prostate‐specific antigen level <10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score of 6) had MRI/MRSI before surgery.
• ? For MRI and MRI/MRSI, the probability of insignificant PCa was recorded prospectively and independently by two radiologists on a scale from 0 (definitely insignificant) to 3 (definitely significant PCa).
• ? Insignificant PCa was defined on surgical pathology.
• ? There were four models incorporating MRI or MRI/MRSI and clinical data with and without %BC+ that were compared with a base clinical model without %BC and a more comprehensive clinical model with %BC+. Prediction accuracy was assessed using areas under receiver–operator characteristic curves.

RESULTS

• ? At pathology, 27% of patients had insignificant PCa, and the Gleason score was upgraded in 56.4% of patients.
• ? For both readers, all magnetic resonance models performed significantly better than the base clinical model (P ≤ 0.05 for all) and similarly to the more comprehensive clinical model.

CONCLUSIONS

• ? Existing models incorporating magnetic resonance data, clinical data and %BC+ for predicting the probability of insignificant PCa were validated.
• ? All MR‐inclusive models performed significantly better than the base clinical model.