MRI引导技术在氩氦刀消融治疗肿瘤中的临床应用

目的探讨MRI引导氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肿瘤的临床价值。方法对90例肿瘤患者行MRI引导氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,包括肝脏肿瘤52例,肾脏肿瘤10例,胸壁肿瘤6例,盆腔肿瘤12例,四肢骨及软组织肿瘤9例,坐骨肿瘤1例。术中采用SE T1WI、FSE T2WI、SPGR T1WI监测穿刺及消融情况。观察术中MRI表现、并发症情况,术后随访复查增强MRI评价消融效果。结果消融术中MRI均可清晰显示病灶,快速扫描SPGR T1WI可显示冷冻针全长。24例因病灶较大(最大径10.80～15.06 cm),以消融作为减瘤治疗,平均消融(2.96±0.76)次,其中17例末次氩氦刀冷冻消融术后1个月增强MRI示消融时冰球覆盖区域病灶无强化,病灶整体有所减小;7例病灶边缘可见强化,病灶不同程度增大。66例单次消融时冰球完全覆盖病灶,术后1个月增强MRI示47例病灶完全消融,19例病灶部分消融。术中11例穿刺部位出血,未发生严重并发症。结论 MRI引导氩氦刀冷冻消融可用于治疗不同部位肿瘤,多可获得满意疗效。     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性肾肿瘤23例分析

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性肾肿瘤的临床疗效。方法应用氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗恶性。肾肿瘤患者23例。CT引导下经皮肾穿刺9例,后腹腔镜下9例,开放手术5例。结果术后第1、6个月复查CT或MRI,肾肿瘤冷冻区域呈梗死、无信号增强、逐渐消散等演变过程。23例均未见出血、皮肤冻伤、感染、穿刺道种植转移等严重并发症。随访1．5～48个月,平均28．5个月。21例健康存活,未发现远处转移和复发;死亡2例。开放手术治疗者5例,其中左肾平滑肌肉瘤1例于术后1．5个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡;CT引导下治疗患者,1例肿瘤直径为8cm者术后10个月因脑血管意外死亡。结论氩氦刀冷冻治疗恶性肾肿瘤技术可靠、创伤小、安全性高,是治疗孤立肾肾肿瘤或无法手术肾肿瘤的一种有效的新手段,对于小的肾肿瘤采用后腹腔镜下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗是一种值得尝试的新方法。     

MR引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融术治疗骨盆肿瘤的临床应用

目的探讨MR引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗术治疗骨盆肿瘤的应用价值。方法9例骨盆肿瘤患者于我院接受MR引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融术。经术前定位,按照病灶距离体表最近和安全性原则选择最佳进针层面与路径,将冷冻针穿入病灶内进行冷冻消融。结果操作过程耗时1.5～2.0 h,所有病例术后MR扫描示冰球完全覆盖病灶。术后2例患者出现发热,经对症处理后体温恢复正常。结论MR引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融术对骨盆肿瘤是一种安全、有效的治疗方式,并发症少,值得推广。     

肝细胞癌冷冻治疗术后完全消融早期MRI特征

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)术后完全消融的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析经随访证实氩氦刀冷冻治疗消融完全的48例HCC患者术前及术后2~7天MRI资料,测量冷冻治疗前后病灶及其周围肝实质ADC值。结果消融后,38例T1WI呈高信号,26例T2WI呈低信号;增强扫描动脉期瘤结节均未见强化,但9例瘤结节出现门静脉晚期及延迟期强化;消融区周边均可见环形强化,25例可见消融区相邻肝包膜下斑片状强化;30例可见瘤结节周边消融区肝实质内穿行小血管强化,7例可见周围肝实质强化。冷冻治疗前后肿瘤ADC值分别为(0.80±0.33)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.26±0.54)×10-3 mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 MRI可用于评价氩氦刀治疗肝癌的早期疗效,冷冻消融后肿瘤及周围肝实质延迟持续强化并不一定代表肿瘤残留,术后ADC值的变化可用于预测早期疗效。     

磁共振导航经皮穿刺肝癌冷冻消融治疗27例

目的探讨在开放式磁共振（MRI）监视下采用经皮穿刺方法进行肝癌的冷冻消融治疗的可行性、疗效和安全性。方法2008年1～9月,对27例原发性肝癌在MRI引导下行经皮肝穿刺行氩氦刀治疗2个冷冻、解冻程序,MRI显示冰球扩展并包裹整个肿瘤。冷冻治疗后第10天联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞（TACE）5例。结果MRI引导下经皮穿刺冷冻治疗均成功,26例（96.3%）显示冰球扩展并包裹整个肿瘤,呈现边缘清晰的信号暗区,1例冰球不能包裹整个肿瘤。术后随访1～12个月,平均3.5月,甲胎蛋白（AFP）值下降至正常14例（51.9%）,AFP持续升高1例,先降复又升高12例。进行1次以上影像学复查肿瘤完全坏死或无明确存活病灶14例（51.9%）,肿瘤不完全坏死或有存活病灶13例（48.1%）。无严重并发症。结论MRI引导下经皮穿刺的肝脏肿瘤冷冻消融治疗是可行和安全的,疗效确切。     

第十期全国肿瘤消融治疗技术规范化培训班招生通知

由中国卫生和计划生育委员会唯一授权,中国医师协会主办,第三军医大学附属西南医院全军肝胆外科研究所和《中华消化外科杂志》编辑部承办的“第十期全国肿瘤消融治疗技术规范化培训班”拟于2014年10月15－21日在重庆举办。 培训内容：第三类医疗技术审核政策及程序解读;微波、射频、氩氦刀消融治疗肿瘤的原理及常见设备的应用;经皮穿刺影像（US、CT、MRI）导航技术模拟操作及应用;超声引导穿刺技术和超声造影在消融术中的应用;常见肝、肺肿瘤的影像诊断;HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤及子宫腺肌症;前列腺癌的消融治疗;肿瘤消融治疗与多学科综合治疗;经皮肝脏肿瘤RFA操作规范;超声引导及影像融合技术在肝肿瘤消融治疗中的临床应用;肝肿瘤消融围手术期的内科治疗;经皮肺肿瘤RFA的临床应用;经皮肺肿瘤微波消融治疗的临床应用;经皮肺肿瘤氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗的临床应用;特殊部位肝癌射频消融治疗的临床应用;肝、肺肿瘤消融治疗的并发症防治;肝转移癌消融治疗的临床应用;各种肿瘤消融方法的个体化选择及疗效分析;实体瘤HIFU治疗研讨;外科手术中肿瘤消融治疗的临床应用;RFA在肾癌治疗中的应用;甲状腺结节、增生、腺瘤的RFA治疗;手术视频精要;典型案例讨论;现场手术观摩。     

氩氦刀联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌（附388例病例分析）

目的 探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融联合肝动脉插管化疗栓塞（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE）治疗肝癌的疗效及其影响因素.方法 自2000年8月至2008年4月,388例肝癌患者接受了氩氦刀治疗,平均年龄为（53.6±12.9）岁,超声引导经皮穿刺完成353例;CT引导经皮穿刺完成35例.氩氦刀后TACE治疗1次者77例;治疗2次者143例;治疗3次或3次以上者168例.结果 388例肝癌患者成功完成了氩氦刀治疗,完全消融者119例;部分消融者269例;生存率分析显示：氩氦刀＋TACE治疗的1、2、3和5年总生存率分别为70.4%、52.3%、23.5%和7.5%;对于肿瘤最大直径为3.0～5.0 cm、5.1～10 cm或〉10.0 cm的患者,3年生存率分别为36.9%、24.9%和3.2%;氩氦刀完全消融和部分消融的患者3年存活率分别为67.2%和4.1%.用COX回归作变量筛选,肿瘤大小、肝功能分级、有无肝硬化对其生存率具有较大影响,P〈0.05.结论 对于不能手术切除的肝癌,氩氦刀＋TACE是较理想的选择,治疗效果较好,安全性高.肿瘤大小、有无肝硬化、乙型肝炎表面抗原是否阳性以及肝功能状况对治疗效果有明显影响.     

氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌

目的观察氩氦刀治疗5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤的疗效。方法收集5 cm以内原发肝癌或肝转移瘤患者31例,共39个病灶。所有患者均于CT或超声等影像引导下接受氩氦刀治疗。结果肿瘤消融范围为90%100%,完全消融病灶占69.23%（27/39）。1年和2年存活率分别为90.32%（28/31）、61.29%（19/31）。31例患者均无出血等严重并发症,术中寒战4例（12.90%）;肝区疼痛6例（19.36%）,重度疼痛1例,体表皮肤温度触冰感,CT扫描无出血迹象,生命体征稳定,给予强痛定止痛,效果差,术后2 h疼痛缓解,其余疼痛患者均为中、轻度疼痛,未予处置;术后发热7例（22.58%）,体温37.1238.25℃;无血管、胆管损伤病例;冷冻术后患者的精神状态得到改善,腹部疼痛症状减轻,恢复较快。结论对于不能手术切除的小肝癌和肝转移瘤,氩氦刀消融治疗安全性高、疗效可靠。     

超声造影在肝癌射频消融治疗中的作用

目的：探讨超声造影（CEUS）在肝癌冷循环射频消融（RFA）治疗中的应用价值。方法：选取肝癌患者20例25个病灶为观察对象,RFA治疗前行CEUS确定肿瘤的性质、数目和大小,治疗后1个月内和随访10个月后行CEUS与增强CT对比疗效评价。结果：治疗后1个月内CEUS复查,20个消融病灶各期均无异常增强区,提示肿瘤完全灭活;4个边缘局部有早期增强,提示肿瘤残留,增强区经增强CT及穿刺活组织检查证实为肿瘤残留,当即补充RFA治疗;1个CEUS图像模糊,未能作出诊断。随访10个月,1个消融病灶有残留复发,4例患者行CEUS发现新生病灶11个,直径0.6-3.8 cm,其中2例4个直径〈1.0 cm的病灶增强CT未能发现。结论：CEUS可以在RFA治疗前为治疗方案提供依据,在治疗后判断RFA疗效,是一种有效方法,并有助于发现微小新病灶。     

超声造影评价氩氦刀消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）评价氩氦刀消融治疗肝癌局部疗效的意义。方法超声引导下对27例肝癌患者的27个病灶行氩氦刀消融治疗术,用CEUS评价其局部疗效;并以同期增强CT（CECT）作为对比。结果术后1个月复查CEUS示病灶完全消融21个（77.78%）,不完全消融为6个（22.22%）;CECT提示病灶完全消融为22个（81.48%）,不完全消融5个（18.52%）。同CECT比较,CEUS的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为80.00%（4/5）、90.91%（20/22）、66.67%（4/6）、95.24%（20/21）和88.89%（24/27）。结论CEUS可作为评价氩氦刀消融治疗肝癌局部疗效的一种有效手段。     

射频消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤急性热损伤的MRI表现及疗效判定

目的探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融后急性热损伤的MRI表现及疗效判定。方法回顾性分析MRI引导下158例共266个肝脏恶性肿瘤病灶的射频消融术后即刻MRI表现。结果147个原发性肝癌及59个肝转移癌病灶消融后表现为T2WI低信号、T1WI低信号;2个原发性肝癌及55个肝转移癌病灶消融后表现为T2WI呈稍高信号,T1WI低信号;3个原发性肝癌消融后T2WI呈低信号,而T1WI呈高信号。瘤周消融带均呈短T1短T2信号,周边见薄环状长T2-信号环绕。151个原发性肝癌及106个转移癌病灶被瘤周消融带完全包绕,1个原发性肝癌及8个肝转移癌病灶未完全被瘤周消融带包绕。结论肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融后急性热损伤的即刻MRI表现具有特征性,据以评价疗效确切、可靠。     

超声引导射频消融治疗肝转移癌应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗肝转移癌适应症选择、治疗方案及疗效的应用价值。方法 36例82个病灶经临床及病理确诊并拟行RFA者进入本研究;肿瘤平均直径(3.8±1.2)cm,≥4cm肿瘤47.5%(39/82灶),单发肿瘤30.5%(11例)。例行超声造影或增强CT检查,根据造影灌注特征及病灶数目、大小形态、浸润范围、位置、与周围结构关系等,确定RFA适应证,其中31例为常规超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗、3例为术中开腹后行射频消融治疗、2例为腹腔镜下射频消融治疗。均经1~3个月超声造影或增强CT随访评价疗效。结果 36例82个灶根据造影结果制定方案行RFA分期治疗及扩大消融治疗。肿瘤灭活率为95.1%(78/82灶),局部复发率7.3%(6/82),新生转移率38.8%(14/36例)。结论超声引导下射频消融治疗肝转移癌,可应用经皮、术中及腹腔镜下多种方式行消融治疗,超声及超声造影为肝转移癌适应证选择和治疗方案制定提供参考依据,从而有效提高疗效并降低复发率,是RFA治疗肝转移癌重要的辅助方法。     

超声造影引导经皮穿刺射频消融治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移

目的通过临床总结,评价超声造影（CEUS）辅助射频消融（RFA）治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移的优点及应用价值。方法采用超声造影辅助定位经皮穿刺RFA治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移癌12例,直径1．2—5．5cm,发现病灶时间为肝移植术后3—12个月,每个病灶通过超声造影诊断定位进行RFA1—2次,术后通过超声造影及增强CT评价疗效。结果11例病灶术后两周复查全部消融,1例最大病灶有部分残余行再次RFA,1个月后复查无局部复发。结论超声造影辅助下经皮RFA治疗肝癌肝移植术后肝转移癌,定位准确,效果好,操作简便易行,微创无并发症,可作为肝移植术后肝转移癌的首选治疗。     

Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation for hepatic malignancies

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with primary or metastatic malignancies confined to the liver are not candidates for resection because of tumor size, location, multifocality, or inadequate functional hepatic reserve. Cryoablation has become a common treatment in select groups of these patients with unresectable liver tumors. However, hepatic cryoablation is associated with significant morbidity. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a technique that destroys liver tumors in situ by localized application of heat to produce coagulative necrosis. In this study, we compared the complication and early local recurrence rates in patients with unresectable malignant liver tumors treated with either cryoablation or RFA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with hepatic malignancies were entered into two consecutive prospective, nonrandomized trials. The liver tumors were treated intraoperatively with cryoablation or RFA; intraoperative ultrasonography was used to guide placement of cryoprobes or RFA needles. All patients were followed up postoperatively to assess complications, treatment response, and local recurrence of malignant disease. RESULTS: Cryoablation was performed on 88 tumors in 54 patients, and RFA was used to treat 138 tumors in 92 patients. Treatment-related complications, including 1 postoperative death, occurred in 22 of the 54 patients treated with cryoablation (40.7% complication rate). In contrast, there were no treatment-related deaths and only 3 complications after RFA (3.3% complication rate, P<0.001). With a median follow-up of 15 months in both patient groups, tumor has recurred in 3 of 138 lesions treated with RFA (2.2%), versus 12 of 88 tumors treated with cryoablation (13.6%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: RFA is a safe, well-tolerated treatment for patients with unresectable hepatic malignancies. This study indicates that (1) complications occur much less frequently following RFA of liver tumors compared with cryoablation of liver tumors, and (2) early local tumor recurrence is infrequent following RFA.     

射频消融治疗转移性肝癌的临床疗效

目的探讨RFA治疗转移性肝癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年12月第三军医大学西南医院收治的87例行RFA治疗的消化系统肿瘤肝转移患者的临床资料。其中结肠癌肝转移34例,直肠癌肝转移33例,胰腺癌肝转移12例,胃癌肝转移8例。采用生命质量评分和KPS评分分析患者情况。采用电话和门诊随访。术后6个月每月行超声造影或CT检查、复查肝功能和肿瘤标志物等。6个月后每2个月复查1次。随访时间截至2013年11月。计数资料采用矿检验或秩和检验。采用Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线,生存率比较采用Log—rank检验。结果87例患者中84例成功施行RFA治疗,3例因患者无法耐受疼痛放弃RFA治疗,其中结肠癌2例、胃癌1例。84例患者中,共存在129个转移癌;经过RFA治疗后,107个转移癌经1次RFA后超声造影显示完全无强化,转移瘤1次完全毁损率达82．95％（107／129）;另22个转移癌因第1次RFA后有残留,均接受2次RFA治疗后被完全毁损。患者住院时间为（10．7±2．3）d（4～29d）。治疗前生命质量评分：60．7％（51／84）良好,22．6％（19／84）较好,10．7％（9／84）一般,6．0％（5／84）差;KPS评分：63．1％（53／84）改善,29．8％（25／84）稳定,7．1％（6／84）下降。治疗6个月生命质量评分（排除15例死亡患者）：78．2％（54／69）良好,11．6％（8／69）较好,5．8％（4／69）一般,4．4％（3／69）差。KPS评分：73．9％（51／69）的患者改善,21．7％（15／69）稳定,4．4％（3／69）下降。治疗前后患者生命质量及KPS评分差异均有统计学意义（,=29．760,17．140,P〈0．05）。全部患者均获随访,随访时间6～60个月。结肠癌肝转移患者进行RFA治疗后1、3、5年的生存率分别为68．8％、21．9％、6．3％,中位生存时间为21．5个月;直肠癌肝转移患者进行RFA治疗后1、3、5年的生存率分别为66．7％、27．3％、12．1％,中位生存时间为19．5个月;胰腺癌肝转移患者进行RFA治疗后1、3、5年的生存率分别为41．7％、0和0,中位生存时间为8．5个月;胃癌肝转移患者进行RFA治疗后1、3、5年的生存率分别为71．4％、14．3％和0,中位生存时间为16．5个月。胰腺癌肝转移与胃癌肝转移患者接受RFA治疗后生存率显著低于结直肠癌患者（X2=9．169,P〈0．05）。结论对无法手术切除或者肝转移癌较小的患者,RFA是较为有效的治疗方案,可延长患者生存时间,改善生命质量。     

Histological,CT, and Intraoperative Ultrasound Appearance of Hepatic Tumors Previously Treated by Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare intraoperative biopsy results of previously ablated liver tumors with their preoperative computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) appearances in patients undergoing repeat radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods Seventy repeat RFA procedures were performed in 59 (13%) patients. Laparoscopically, suspected recurrent and stable appearing foci were biopsied using an 18 G biopsy gun. Preoperative CT and LUS appearances of the previously ablated lesions were compared with core biopsy results. Results There were 33 patients with colorectal cancer, 11 with hepatocellular cancer, 8 with neuroendocrine tumors, and 7 with other tumor types. Two hundred lesions were treated by RFA in these 70 repeat ablations. Suspected recurrent tumor foci were enhanced on CT and produced a more finely stippled echo pattern on LUS. Biopsy confirmed recurrent tumor in 72 of 84 such lesions. Previously ablated foci had a CT appearance of a hypodense, nonenhancing lesion without evidence of adjacent enhancing foci. Laparoscopic ultrasound appearance was of a hypoechoic lesion with a coarse internal pattern with the tracks of the ablation catheter probes often still visible. Biopsy found necrotic tissue in 21 of 22 such lesions appearing radiologically to be without recurrence. Biopsy of an ablated focus adjacent to an area of suspected recurrence showed necrotic tissue in 17 of 22 lesions and viable cancer in 5. Conclusion CT and LUS appearance of previously ablated foci showed good correlation with core biopsies. CT scan is reliable in following RFA lesions, without the need for routine biopsy. LUS reliably distinguished recurrent from ablated lesions in patients undergoing repeat ablation. Presented at the AHPBA 2005 Congress on 4/14–17/2005 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida as a poster     

MSCT引导下冷极射频消融治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的应用价值

目的探讨在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺冷极射频消融治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的安全性、疗效及其应用价值。方法76例恶性肿瘤84个瘤灶，瘤体直径3．0～15．0cm，平均8．5cm。根据消融术前MSCT图像制定治疗计划，在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺准确将针型电极插入肿瘤预定位置进行热消融，消融温度58～90℃，治疗时间15～120min。术后2h复查，观察有无急性并发症。术后1个月和每3个月CT复查观察肿瘤有无残留和复发，必要时可多次治疗。通过影像学评估消融的疗效，并统计生存期。结果76例恶性肿瘤84个瘤灶在MSCT引导下消融针均准确插入肿瘤预定位置并顺利完成热消融过程，未见严重并发症。术后1个月复查，84个瘤灶完全坏死15个；不完全坏死和部分坏死45个，总有效率71．43％（60／84）。治疗后生存率随访：6个月90．79％，12个月63．16％，18个月36．84％，24个月14．47％。结论在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺冷极射频消融技术是一种创伤小、易耐受、安全有效的治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的方法。     

Update on Thermal Ablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Control,Technique Comparison,Renal Function Preservation,and New Modalities

Recent studies report mid- and long-term oncologic control with thermal ablation for small renal tumors to be equivalent to surgery. Comparisons of cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and laparoscopic approaches to percutaneous approaches report equivalent results. Studies report little or no decrease in renal function after ablation of renal tumors. These studies support the use of percutaneous thermal ablation for treatment of small renal malignancies. Studies also report that percutaneous ablation is a safe and durable treatment of the primary tumor in stage IV patients, ultrasound guidance for percutaneous ablation can be effective, and chyluria is relatively common after RFA. Results were disappointing for newer ablation techniques, including microwave, irreversible electroporation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. These techniques require improvements before their use in place of RFA and cryoablation. The rates of diagnostic and subtype-specific renal tumor biopsies can be improved by using both aspirate and core techniques.     

The radiographic evolution of radio frequency ablated renal tumors

PURPOSE: Radio frequency ablation (RFA) of renal tumors is a relatively new technology. Few groups are familiar with the posttreatment appearance of these lesions and how they differ from cryoablated renal masses. We describe the evolution of the appearance of these lesions on followup contrast enhanced (CE) computerized tomography (CT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 64 consecutive renal tumors treated with RFA from April 2000 to September 2003 for which posttreatment CE-CT was done were included in this study. CE-CT was reviewed at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and every 6 months thereafter to determine the characteristic features and evolution of these lesions. RESULTS: Renal tumors were treated with CT guided percutaneous (34), laparoscopic (28) or open (2) RFA. At a median followup of 13.7 months (range 6 weeks to 29 months) 62 RFA lesions demonstrated an absence of contrast enhancement on CE-CT. Treated endophytic tumors developed a low density, nonenhancing, wedge-shaped defect with fat infiltration seen between the ablated tissue and normal parenchyma. Treated exophytic tumors retained a configuration similar to that of the original with a lack of contrast enhancement and minimal shrinkage. Percutaneous treated lesions developed a peritumor scar or halo that demarcated ablated and nonablated tissue (perirenal fat). Persistent tumor was marked by contrast enhancement within the ablation borders of the original mass in 1 case, whereas tumor recurred after initial successful ablation with an enhancing nodule in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The radiographic features and evolution of radio frequency ablated renal tumors are unique. Successfully treated tumors demonstrated no contrast enhancement, minimal shrinkage and occasional retraction from normal parenchyma by fat infiltration.     

肝肿瘤射频消融术后感染性并发症的处理

目的分析肝恶性肿瘤经皮射频消融术(RFA)后感染性并发症的临床特点及处理方法。方法回顾性分析于我科接受RFA治疗的356例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,其中原发性肝癌296例,肝转移癌60例。对于术后有严重感染表现的患者进行即刻腹部超声和(或)CT增强扫描。明确肝内局部脓肿形成后,采取置管引流、使用抗生素等干预措施,并随访1年。全部脓肿引流液均行细菌学检查并根据药敏结果调整抗生素用药。结果 356例RFA术后共5例患者发生局部严重感染,其中3例为肝脓肿,1例胆汁瘤合并感染,1例为腹壁脓肿。1例肝脓肿患者肝内局部病灶与结肠肝曲形成窦道且经久不愈,经外科手术局部修补+肝内脓肿置管引流后局部及全身症状有所缓解,但于RFA术后8个月死于全身衰竭。1例腹壁脓肿患者经抗感染、置管引流、局部换药处理后局部及全身症状有所缓解,但于RFA术后6个月死于肿瘤进展。1例肝脓肿和1例胆汁瘤合并感染患者经单纯病变部位置管引流+抗生素治疗后临床症状明显缓解,随诊1年达到临床治愈。1例肝脓肿患者经病变部位置管引流+抗生素治疗后,感染灶痊愈,但随访至9个月时死于肝内肿瘤转移导致的多脏器功能衰竭。结论 RFA术后严重感染性并发症并不少见,感染途径可来自肠道菌群逆行感染,Whipple术等导致Oddi括约肌无功能的RFA术后继发严重感染的明确诱因。除根据药敏实验应用敏感抗生素外,及时行脓腔穿刺引流、外科干预等综合治疗是针对RFA术后局部感染性并发症的有效方法。